+

ner.

OF POLITICS, LITERATURE AND Nhwo.

Chis is true Liberty, when Free-born Men, having to advise the Public, may speak frec.—xoRwrwes.

| 6 Cbe Exam

| A WEEKLY JOURNAL

Le

EDWARD WHELAN] Vov. V.

a ——

a pe

- CHARLOTTETOWN, PRINCE

EDWARD ISLAND, MONDAY, OCTOBER 1, 1855. _

73 . - A a

ie

ae a + OH NT

Literature.

Bosphorus, and with it, of almost the whole commerce of the !and taken, in 1365, by the colonists of that city, under their ' able an armament struck terror into the citizens of the colon .

LLL LOL LOL LOL LOL LOM LE,

THE WITHERED KING.

Black Sea. The possession of this trade was at this period the more iirportent, as the ports of Syria and Egypt were now in great measure closed against Christian merehants, and the trade with India across the i

‘consul Bartolomeo di Jacopo. The same fate soon after befell the small town of Cembalo—an Italian corruption of the Greek

’ ‘name of Symbolon, which we find a iplied, as early as the time | sthmus of Suez had almost entirely dis-| of Strabo, to the remarkable land-locked port of Balaklava.

who were already divided among themselves by internal dis- sensions, and assailed from without by a Tartar force under iminek. On the 6th of June, 1475, after a faint attempt at resistance for a few days, ae opened their gates to the Turk-

+7 mons nee & whom ee nes igh ait ; wp eared after the conques* of Egypt by the Saracens. But Both these points were secured by the Genoese with strong ish commander, Achmet Pacha. He peered to spare their ‘rom the good, dwmger,—from the bad, disgrace, Co ree ise " . | 4 ae “ite ° > . > ae ‘ g . ‘a iny deat the tots, aiveid Use poopte’s bate, mmerce is ever ready to find for itself new ehannels; and castles, the picturesque ruins of which still remain. Some lives, but transported forty thousand of the inhabitants to Con

Till blood becomes a principle of state: Secured nor by their guards, nor by their right; But sill they fear even more than they affright. | Cow ry. So have I read a story of a king Whose hand was heavy on the hearts of men, Whose tongue spoke lies, and every lie a sting, W ho trampled onward through a gory fen, And laugh’'d to see ita teeming haze arise, Spreading a crimson mist before the skies.

But age fell on him, and with age a dread Of life and death—a leading gloom of fear That sat down at his board, and filled his bed, And stirr’d his flesh, and erept within his hair. In crowds he fear’d each man; and when alone, He fear’d himself, and wasted to the bone.

Within a castle strongly fortified He shut himself, and listened all day long To his own mutterings, and the wind that sigh'd

long disused or neglected caravan routes through Central Asia now became the means of transporting the gems and spices of |

wo the markets of Europe. their own hands the greater

the Venetians still continued the competition with them, and carried om eonstant intereourse with Dies; in spite of all the | efforts of their rivals. The latter possessed almost exclusively

years later a special treaty with the Khan of Kaptchak se- cured to them the absolute dominion of the long strip of coast

merited admiration. The Genoese pursued the same enlightened policy towards their distant colonies as the Greeks had done, and treated them

the supply of Constantinople —still the most populous and | rather as allies than as subjects. Both Galata and Kaffa seem | flourishing city of the East — with corn, fish and salt, for all | to have been left, in great measure, to their own management. as the last oceasion on which the once dreaded name of the which important articles it was mainly dependent upon the The parent republic protected them against foreign aggression,

northern shores of the Euxine.

But the Genoese were not long contented with the footing,

and fought their battles against the Venetians. But, in these cases, her own commercial empire was at stake, as well as the

stantinople, where they served in some measure to fill the ap (of desolation that had been created in that populous capital

India, and the silks of China, to the shores of the Black Sea, | which extends from the one poin to the other,—the beautiful | by the Turkish conquest. The Genoese soon absorbed into district now becomes the favouvite resort of the Russian no- art of this lucrative trade, though bility, and of which every traveller speaks in terms of well-| smaller places held by the Genoese in the peninsula. The fate

The fall of Kaffa was naturally followed by that of the

of most of these has nothing to arrest our attention. But the remarkable rock-fortress of Mangoup deserves to be made an ‘exception, not only on account of the heroic resistance offered | by its defenders to the overwhelming forces of the Turks, but

| Goths makes its appearance in history. In the mountain dis trict of the Crimea, that people had preserved its nationality ‘and its language for above twelve centuries *; and the two

they had thus permanently gained at the entrance of the Black imterests of her colonists. At other times the colonial adminis- brothers who so gallantly defended the fortress of Mangoup | Sea, and sought to establish themselves equally firm at other tration was left, practically, in the hands of the citizens of each against the troops of Mahomet IL. showed that they had not points on its shores. The Byzantine emperors had long ceased | place, though the chief magistrate, who was termed Podesta at degenerated from the hereditary valour of their race.

| to exercise any kind of sovereignty over the countries north of the Euxine ; and the Greek colonies there had wholly disap- peared, with the single exception of Cherson, which, though greatly enfeebled and decayed, still retained some traces of its former prosperity, and carried on a certain amount of trade

| Galata, and Consul at Kaffa, was always appointed by the mother city. The frequent occurrence of the names ef the noblest Genoese families shows that the most ilJustrious of her

citizens did not disdain to join the colonists in the Black Sea. For more than a century the whole course of events tended

Thus fell the power of the Genoese in the Black Sea. But | it would be unjust to attribute (as Dr. Koch has done) the final \desolation and decay of Kaffa to its Turkish conquerors. | Severely as it suffered on this occasion, as well as from the subsequent oppression of the Tartar khan Mengli Ghirei, who

In the outer trees, a close and secret song ; with Constantinople. The Crimea had at this time fallen un-| to the a ndisement of Kaffa and the extension of its domi- | now ruled the Crimea as arty to the Turks, it is certain And when night fell he sat with straining ear, der the dominion of the Tartar khans of Kaptehak, who about Bion. ‘Tana, the imyortant emporium at the mouth of the | that it subsequently recovered itself to a great degree, and be-

And hearken’d for some danger gathering near.

For there were foes within his land, and they Were mighty, and had carv'’d a forward path ;

the middle of the thirteenth century had founded a powerful kingdom in the southern provinces of Russia, and given a check to the growing power of that empire, which for nearly three centuries reduced it to comparative insignificance. These Tar-

Don, was destroyed by Tamerlane, as it were incidentally, on his expedition against the Tartars of Kaptchak iu 1397, and the whole of its trade was thenceforth transferred to Kaffa. At the same time the conqueror of Asia so effectually kumbled

came one of the most flourishing commercial cities in the Black Sea. So far from all trade having disappeared with the depar- ture of the Genoese, we learn from Chardin, who visited it in 1672, that the town then contained not less than 4000 houses,

RN eat ieee

A RON BeBe a et

Seep oa

And he could hear them marching om their way, tar chiefs, with a policy more enlightened than was commonly the Tartar potentates in question, that they from thenceforth and carried on so active a trade that during the space of forty i With endless trampling and a ery of wrath, found among their brethren, seem to have been desirous of pro- became far less formidable neighbours to the Genoese colonists, | days which he spent there, not less than 400 vessels arrived in i

As though the many he had laid in ground Had risen with a huge triumphant sound.

Therefore an iron grating, like a net, He east about the walls at every point, With iron turrets at the corners set, And massive clamps that grappled joint to joint ; Ard at the loop-holes always might be seen The warders with their arrows long and keen,

Likewise upon the ramparts at all hours The pacing sentries wandered to and {te, Outlooking from the high and windy towers Over the level plain that drows'd below ; And to them constantly the king would cry

To shoot at whomsoever wandered by.

From forth this prison durst he never pase,

But roam’d about the chambers up and down ; And twenty times a day he eried, ‘* Alas !

L wither in my own perpetual frown,”’ And every day he wish’d that he were dead ; Yet death he tear’d with an exceeding dread.

Along the court-yard, sadden’d with the shade Of circling battlement—a stony nook— Por natural exercise at times he stray'd, With eyes upon the ground as on a book ; His own sad captive, fearfully confined In this his dungeon castle hard and blind.

In bed, when massive darkness fill’d his eyes, He would lie staring till his sight made gleams Upon the blackness, and black sleep would rise As from a cavern, follow'd by fierce dreams That, blood-hound like, pursued and haunted him incessantly through aspects foul and grim.

Sometimes he dreamt the foe had sealed the wall ; And he would wake, and to the ramparts haste, And see the staring moon sicken and fall Down the horizon, and the smal) stars waste in scarlet day-dawn, while the warder nigh Gazed outward with a still and steady eye.

And he would bid the eaptain of the guard Appoint a double wateh at every post, And let the entires be more strongly barr’d ;

moting commercial intercourse with more eivilised nations, and lent a favourable car to the overtures of the Genoese, to whom they granted in the first instance considerable privileges. Of these, the most important was that of erecting a factory for the residence of their merchants and the security of their s. |The spot selected by the Genoese was at Kaffa, on the site of _the ancient Greck colony of Theodosia. This last had fallen into decay long before, and no trace of it is found after it is /mentioned by Arrian as lying in ruins. But a village had | grown up on the spot, which is mentioned in the tenth century _ by the name of Kaffa, though it war apparently an obscure and | unimportant place, till the Genoese, attract by the adyan- tages of its port, or rather roadstead, determined to make it | the emporium of their trade in the Black Sea. Their humble factory—for at first it was really nothing more—soon followed | the example of Galata, and rose with rapidity into a flourishing /town. As early as the year 1318, about forty years after its ‘first foundation, it was erected into a bishoprie by Pope John XXII, on the express ground of its opulent and populous con- ) dition. In 1357 the trench and rampart, which had at first | served for its detence, were replaced by a stone wall and towers ; | the city itself was by this time adorned with splendid build- | ings, and is said to have contained not less than a hundred thousand inhabitants. We are assured by contemporary aa, . Sorte on 9 ; | Writers that Kaffa vied in splendour with its parent city of | Genoa, and even with the imperial Constantinople, — a state- | ment we suspect of exaggeration, but which at least bears testi- mony to the impression produced by its opulence.

But we must not suppose that the Genoese had established | their power without opposition, or that the rising prosperity of | Kaffa was altogether undisturbed by storms and reverses. The _frreek emperors soon began to take umbtage at the power they | had themselves raised, and the insolent and domineering tone which the colonists of Galata early began to assume. Con. | scious of their nayal superiority, which gave them the almost | absolute command of a capital situated like Constantinople, the | Genoese were not content with excluding their commercial rivals from the trade of the Euxine, but began to assert their own exclusive rights against the Greek emperors themselves. They gradually absorbed into their own hands the fisheries of the Bosphorus, the customs, and even the tolls which were levied by the Imperial authorities at the entrance of the strait. ; The Byzantine emperors found themselves powerless to resist | these encroachments of the haughty republicans ; but the Vene- | tians were unwilling to submit without a struggle to the domi- | nion of their rivals. In the reign of Andronicus the Elder a great sea fight took place in the Bosphorus, under the very walls of Constantinople, between the fleets of the two powerful

} \

whose alliance and fayour they courted by every means in their power. It was not long before this that the all-powerful mer- chants had succeeded in establishing themselves in an almost equally dominant position at the south-eastern corner of the Euxine. Here a dynasty of Byzantine Greeks, an offshoot of the imperial family of the Comneni, had established themselves in an independent position after the conquest of Constantinople by the Latins, and assumed the proud title of Emperors of Trebizond. he city of that name — originally a colony of Sinope, and familiar to the readers of Xenophon as the place where the Ten Thousand first reached the sea, and found them- selyes once more among their countrymen — had always re- tained its Greek population and character, but had first risen into importance ba as the Roman empire. The emperor Had- rian had constructed there a well-sheltered artificial port to supply the deficiency previously felt of a seeure anchorage fer shipping, at a place which seems marked by nature for one of the principal points of communication between Europe and the East. Even at the present day, though it has again nothing more than an insecure roadstead, Trebizond is, next to Odessa, the most important trading town on the Black Sea, and sends into the interior of Persia and Asiatic Turkey a yearly in- creasing quantity of European manufactures.

So important a commercial position was not likely to be negleeted by the Genoese ; and almost as svon as they began to extend their power in the Black Rea, we find them establishing themselves in considerable numbers at Trebizond. Their trade with that place became inferior only to that which they carried on with Kaffa and Tana. But its progress was checked for a time by their own immoderate pretensions. The Genoese government having sent an embassy formally to claim the same privileges accorded to them by the emperors of Constan- tinople, and insisting not only on the exemption of their goods from the transit duties levied on all others, but on the right to farm those duties for themselves, Alexius II., then emperor of Trebizond, had the courage to refuse ; and in the contest that ensued, the warehouses of the Genoese were set on fire, and all their valuable merchandise consumed. ‘ After this,’ says the chronicler, ‘they behaved themselves more quietly.’ Bat it was only for a time. They soon repaired their losses, and re- newed their extensive commercial establishments at Trebizond. In 1348 they broke out into open war with the emperor Michael, took the important town of Kerasunt, the secon city in his dominions ; and only agreed to restore it in return for the cession of Leontokastron, a fortress close to Trebizond itself, and completely commanding its harbour. But even this did not satisfy the grasping ambition of the Gicnese ; and cireum- stances that led to the final establishment of their power at Trebizond are too curious and characteristic te be omitted.

or quitted its gett At a later period, Peyssonel, who was for wany years French Consul-General in the Crimea, estimated the population of Kaffa, shortly before its conquest hy the Russians, at 85,000 souls. Forty years after that event it was reduced to less than 4000; and even as late as 1834, had not again risen to more than 4500.¢ Pallas himself, writing in 1803, under the authority of the Russian Government, deplores the state of desolation of this once opulent city, which was al- ready little more than a heap of ruins. The splendid Genocso churches had been spared by the Turks and Tartars,who had con- tented themselves with converting them into mosques ; but they have been demolished, with one single exception, . the Russian authorities. The picturesque walls and towers, which still subsisted uninjured in the day of Pallas, have been since almost entirely destroyed, and their materials employed in the con- struction of barracks. Kaffa, in the hands of the Tartars, was probably but a shadow of what it had once been under the Genoese ; but it was immeasurably superior te what it has be- come under the Russians.

We cannot attempt here to trace any further the fortunes of the Crimea.) Under the government of the Tartar Khans it sank for more than three centuries into that state ef obscurity froin which it has only recently emerged. But the events of the last twelve months have earned for it a place in history which can never again be lost. Whatever be the destinies of the Crimea itself, its name has become imperishable ; and the gallant deeds that have been dene under the walls of Sebas- topol will live as long as the English language shall endare. But it js impossible to repress a hope that this memorable con- test may be also the beginning of a fairer period for the country in which it has been carried on : and when we look back at the important position once held by the Taurice Peninsula under the Greeks and the Genoese, we eannot but feel that its natural advantages require enly to be develeped by a more liberal policy, in order that it should again rise to a condition both of agricultural and commercial prosperity very different from the state to which it has fallen under the Russian Government.

*In the treaty of 1380 between the Khan of Kaptchak and the Genoese, * la Gotia con i suoi easai ed i suoi popoli che son Cristiani’ is annexed to the dominions of the latter. Giuseppe Barbaro, who has left us a curious account of Tana, and the trade with the interior of Asia in the fifteenth century, remarks, ‘I Goti parlanoin Tedesco.’ (Ramusi, vol. ii. p. 91.) :

t Chardin, Voyage en Perse, vol i. pp. 47, 48.

t Dubois de Montpereux, vol. v. p. 285.

§ We regret to save received Mr. Danby Seymour's interesting and comprehensive volume upon the Shores of the Black Sea and the Sea of Azoff too late to have availed ourselves in this article of the result of his researches and observations; but we recommend this work to our

Then, cold and pale and drooping as a ghost, republics. The Genoese were worsted, and the Venetian leys / . eer of Bee ne argues productions which has been publisi- He would return to sleep, and with a start for a time rode triumphant in the Black Sea. A squadron of|_. Megollo Lercari, a Genoese of noble birth, established in | ¢@ 0” this interesting subject.

Would wake, and find the terror at his heart,

And s9, unwept, he died ; and soon his foo Possess’d the land, and sway’d it with great might ; It is a simple tale of long ago, ; Which the swift ages bear up in their flight ; Bat one large fact a thousand times appears In the revolving of returning ycars.

Even now a sceptred tyrant, Europe bann’d, Listens the enemy's approach, and waits To hear his strongholds crumble into sarrd, And the loud cannon knocking at the gates, In vain bis armed legions round him draw ; For who can save him from his inward awe ?

Household Words.

(From the Edinburgh Review.) THE TAURIC CHERSONESE.

1. The Crimea and Odessa: Journal of a Tour, with an account of the Climate and Vegetation. By Dr. Cusrves Kocn : trans- lated by Joanna B. Howner. 8vo. London: 1855.

2. An Historical Sketch of the Crimea. By Antuony Grant,

6. L., Archdeacon of St. Alban’s, kc. 12mo. London: 5.

( Concluded.)

We hasten over this obscure and confused epoch to come to one nearer our own time, when the Crimea once more rose into importance in the hands of the Genoese. That active commercial people had from an early period turned their atten- tion to the trade with the Kast, Venetians in the markets of Constantinople. But they had long contended in vain against the privileges enjoyed by that

and sought to rival the |

twenty-five ships, under Giovanni Superanzo, attacked the rising colony of Kaffa, and made themselves masters of the town ; but having had the imprudence to winter there, the Venetian commander lost a great part of his crews by the cold. This was in 1297 ; the next year the great nayal victory of Curzola restored the superiority of the Genoese: Kaffa was re-built, a their power in the Karine re-established more firmly than before.

Their relations with the Tartar khans were for the most part of the most peaceable character. We are even told that they had established so high a reputation with that people for justice and fair dealing, that the Tartars of the Crimea used to resort to the magistrates at Kaffa for the settlement of their own dis-

utes, and a regular tribunal was established for their decision.

ut this tranquility was liable to occasional disturbance, and on one occasio:: the colonists had to stand a long protracted siege from the arms of the Khan, or Emperor, as he is styled, of Kaptchak ; but the fortifications of Kaffa defied his efforts. At another time the Tartar sovereign avenged his defeat on this occasion by a iscuous massacre of the Genoese traders who were dis through the Crimea or settled at Tana ; and the republicans in consequence instituted a regular block- _ade of all the coasts of his dominions. A collateral effect of _this measure was to cause a famine at Constantinople, which | was thus deprived of its ordinary supplies of corn.

But it was the war in which the Genoese found themselves engaged, in 1350, with the Byzantine emperor, John Cantacu- zenus, that finally established their dominion in the Black Sea. The increasing ar of the colonists of Galata, whe now sought nothing less than to prohibit the Greeks themselves from ' the exercise of navigation, even within the waters of their own dominions, at length drove the feeble emperor to an attempt at resistance. But his fleet was speedily annihilated by that of the Genoese ; and his only resource was to cal] in the assistance of their rivals, the Venetians. ‘The weight of the Roman

empire,’ observes Gibbon, ‘ was searcely felt in the balance ef

Kaffa, was one of the most wealthy of the merchant princes of that opulent city. During an occasional residence at Trebi- zond he was grossly insulted by a favourite page of the reign- ing emperor, Alexius ILL., who had the insolence to strike him in the presence of the whole court. Lereari instantly appealed to the emperor ; but Alexius protected his minion, and affected to treat the affair asa trifle. Hereupon the Genoese indig- nantly withdrew from Trebizond, yowing vengeance, not against the miserable page, but his imperial protector. With the assistance of his friends and kinsmen at Genoa, he quickly fitted out two galleys, which were far more than a mateh for any ships of war belonging to the petty prince who gloried in the title of Emperor of Trebizond. Cruising with these yes- sels on the southern shore of the Euxine, he carried on a — tical warfare against the subjects of Alexius. The Greeks of Trebizond anid Kerasunt had still up to this time retained a certain portion of the maritime trade in their own hands ; but now they saw their commerce ruined, their ships captured, and their coasts rayaged by the insolent and daring Lercari ; while a feeble attempt on the part of the emperor to protect them, only resulted in the capture of all the imperial galleys that were sent out to the rescue. With a barbarity unworthy of his name and country, Lercari cruelly mutilated all the prisoners that fell into his hands, by cutting off their noses and ears, and sent a barrel full of these miserable trophies to the emperor, with the threat that he would continue to exact a similar tribute till he should obtain full satisfaction for the insult he had received. Alexius had no choice but to submit, and surrendered the wretched page into the hands of his ene- my. But Lercari, with a magnanimity hardly to be expected from his previous cruelty, scorned to punish the poor stripling, and contented himself with having humbled his master. At the same time he took the opportunity to secure for his coun- trymen a fresh commercial treaty by which the whole trade of Trebizond was virtually secured to them.

The beginning of the fifteenth century was the period when

4<o-ao>

A Ventrinoguist on tax Dock.—Quite an exciting scene occurred at one of our wharfs vesterday :

The hands of one of our steamers were engaged in rolling off a cask, when to the consternation and surprise of the persons engaged in performing that operation, » voice was heard within the cask.

“ Roll it easy, these darned nails hurt; I’d rather pay my passage than stand all this.”

Holding up their hands, their visages expanded to the size of two saucers, the two laborers exclaimed—

“That beats the d-——] !”

The mate coming up at this moment, and unaware of the cause of delay, commenced cursing them for their dilatoriness, when from within the voice again came forth—

“ You’re nobody ; let me out of this.”

“ What's that ?” said the mate.

“Why it’s me!” said the voice, “I want to get out—I won't stand this any longer !”

Hind up the cask,” said the mate.

* Ob, don’t—you'll kill me!” said the voice, “There darned nails prick me. Look out;—d-o-n-t!" again said he casked-up individual, as the men were turning it over.

‘ Qooper,” said the mate, “unhead this cask, and take out that man.”

As the adze sundered the hoops, and the head was coming out, the voice aguin broke forth—

“ Be easy now! is there any one about? to be caught!” ‘

Quite a crowd had now gathered around the “ scene of action,” when to the utter astonishment of the by-standers, aloud guttural laugh broke forth which made our hair

I don’t want

favoured people. It was not till 1155 that the first treaty be- | « these opulent and powerful republics ;’ and the Emperor of the power of the Genoese in the Black Sea was at its greatest | stand on end, the cask was fotnd filled with bacon. tween the Byzantine emperors and the Genoese secured to the the East was content to look on as a passive spectator at the height. Even the conquests of the Ottoman Turks did not for; —« What does it mean ?” said one.

latter the same commercial advantages already enjoyed by the memorable battle which decided the contest, under the walls of a considerable time seriously interfere with it. | Constantinople. The victo | the real success rested with the Genoese ; and three months after the battle the Emperor Cantacuzenus accorded to them by | treaty the exclusive rig

Venetians and Pisans, Nearly a century more elapsed before the cominencement of their settlements in the Euxine. It was the Latin conquest of Constantinople—an event which seemed likely to establish for ever the suprenracy of their Venetian rivals in these seas—that, on the contrary, opened the way to the maritime supremacy of the Genoese. The establishment of the Latin Empire secured to the Venetians, for the short period

of its duration, the exclusive command of the Bosphorus and the _ extremity of the Crimea, which had still maintained a feeble Black Sea; but it threw the Greek emperors into the arms of and languishing trade with the Greek capital, now sunk into

their rivals ; and Michael Palaeologus, who had already before

18 accession concluded an alliance with the Genoese, no sooner found himself established on the throne of Constantinople than he hastened to accord to them privileges as ample, a D polies as exclusive, as had been previously enjoyed by their rivals. They were not slow in availing themselves of those advantages. Their establishment at Galata speedily rose from ® mere commercial factory into a fortified suburb, which awed and intimidated the feeble emperors of Byzantium, while it gave to its enterprising possessors the excluslye command of the

-netians bound t

mono-

was claimed by both parties, but

tof navigation in the Black Sea.

ed without a rival in the Euxine. The Ve- emselyes hy treaty to fo the trade with Tana, at the head of the Sea of Azoff. Cherson, at the western

Kaffa now rei

utter decay.* Sudak, or Soldaia, as the Italians termed it, a Greek town on the southern coast of the Crimea, which, before | the rise of Kaffa, had enjoyed some prosperity, wae attacked

* No mention is found of Cherson at the time of the Tarkish conqnest

of the. Crimea; it was, probably, already desolate. Bronovius, who

visited and described its ruins in 1595, foand them totally uninhabited. |

It is hardly necessary to remak that the Russian town of Cherson, at)

(the mouth of the Duieper, founded by Catherine II. in 1778, has no |

claim to any connexion with the Greek city of ore name

But the cap- ture of Constantinople by Mahomet H., 1453, involved their flourishing colony of Galata in the ruin of the capital ; and though Kaffa still survived for a time, and from its secluded position witnessed in apparent security the successive fall of Constantinope and Trebizond, it was evident that its own fate could not be far distant. It was accelerated by domestic dis- sensions. Such was the influence that the Genoese colonists had at this time acquired over the Tartar chiefs, that the governors or Khans of the Crimea were not appointed by their superior lord, the Khan of Kaptehak, without the consent and

approbation of the magistrates of Kaffa. A contest had arisen | between two candidates for his appointment, in which the |

Genoese magistrates, who had been gained by large bribes, favoured the cause of the wrongful claimant, and succeeded in forcing his appointment upon the unwilling Khan. Hereupon Eminek, the defeated ean idate, had recourse to a more power- ful protector, and persuaded Mahomet II., who had just assem- bled a powerful fleet and army for the conquest of Rhodes, to turn his efforts against Kaffa. The appearance of 80 formid-

“I swear, it beats my time,” said the mate. We enjoyed the joke too well to * blew,” as we walked

and magician.—Exchange Paper.

4~<oe—> *=-o+-

Conriict setweex tar Powers.—Our young friend, Kamehameha the Fourth, King of the Sandwich Islands, is turning out to bea tramp. On the 16th of June last, he followed the brilliant example of Cromwell and Napoleon, and dissolved the Legislature. The Appropriation Bill voted by the House exceeded the revenue about two hundred thousand dollars, and the King refused to sanction direct taxation to make up the deficit. He bas ordered a new election, and Parliament was — — . ee - the 30th of July. The young King bas evidently cang the dictatorial spirit of the age. Well, why shouldn't he _ have his little coup d'etat ?—N, Y. Herald,

off arm in arm with the “ Fakir of Ava,” the ventriloquist _

. ne

~

pe biaiiiece gud oe a ee Y

satin tg 4

pont

ie

C

a