Z

Presenting News

w, should be a Journey v1’ 11v. ed with love and romance and illpmess from start to finish. mp8,“... no phase of it should more pleasant in the experience m delightful in recollection ‘mscnooi days. Do our pupils w u, school because they like meme? Do they perform the as- “’°°,,,;_. because they like to do mwiii they look back in later .. upon (he happy experiences m. had in our classrooms? ilost of us would hesitate to an- " they: questions. Now there “wit, irho evidently finds school l-bdpiiiglllllll; but then. Mary 15 my bright mentally and preparing w“: .5 but play to her. She Naturally amiable and sociable, may, she has made many friends. fab... is Jack whose mind is M w quick, who never seems to an idea fully, and who is mm). and quick-tempered. w. decide that this happiness ideal is impossible. Children may 5 ivell lcrirn first as last that. [hwling is a "vale oi tears" un- as; onc happens to be born with

l l '

surely ii lies in our power p ameliorate this condition to we extent at least. With an mthiulastic. optimistic teacher the wimpy child should find the passes of learning to read. spell thrilling in them-

mn this even apart from the de- img of such extras as nature Indy‘ hyojpfle; physicfl exercise, mpanionship and play. It is af- u this point, when one has be- “my senior pupil that lessons u. likely to drag. 1t is now that t4 discovers that he hates history my geography and that irithmetic is a puzzle, literature a mze.

Whit should we do about it’) Mce him to swallow his medicine mn if it does come up again and gain? Too often the teacher has

The great catastrophe of 1914-18 mulled in the creation oi several m: states and almost universal uianges in government. ‘Thrones loll/cred and fell, upper houses oi parliaments disappeared or lost their lflllllPllCP, and miry Jack‘ Labourer emerged from the serf- ilom and tyranny of centuries to lake his place with the ruler of he world. At last the nonetity ll: thousand years was recogniz- ii Aflei llli’ Treaty of Versailles l: working classes began to play iland in politics, to discuss ideo- lrles to champion labour unions, ntialism. or communism. Across lnnliers sped the cry "Workers of lltWorld. unite!" The spark which iirl llarx had struck half a cen- ny beforc had now no need of inning: for hard on the heels oi he World War strove the grim trues of Socialism and its radical 1111911112. Communism. Revolution tloweii in their wake. ll struck Russia first. No need blell of Nicholas II. autocrat of lllthe Russias. who ruled by the We oi God. who flogged and im- likened and executed, who ham- ltred all reform. who reduced the Hunts l0 eating straw from the Mfr oi llicir houses. No,need to of nilllions of Russian troops "11"" by a weak, corrupt-oi- lutreascnalile-government, nor lllTaniiical officers, nor oi starv- cities. But it came at last- llllltomanolf erased: the socialists power. They believed that mess should be carried on by Bovcrnment for thc common efit. They favoured liberty oi "fit and of the press, the right lvslnkc. and universal suffrage lhcrc were others who wished m" -‘“'<‘f‘l>ing change. a war to mtdeath with the capatialist. Very y . tin-ii. ilie communist sup- Pltlled llic socialist, and all over $18 sovicts. or councils oi peas- "llt so diors and workmen. were "11P. Two leader came back from

ilie

111 a Souris schoolhouse :1" 0n a morning late in May. a i1l| lcaclicr faced his class and ‘W6 l1c'rl make them pay. "Now 11W but that mouse-trap in hpockclr Answer mel" He “led ‘his fists and stared M Sid with some expectancy. But My‘? Spoke a single word. no- h b] 00k the blame; no youngster e teacher" volunteered to give 311ml! So the teacher then pro- m ‘the strap and made this hue“ Speech: "Boys, I‘m go- m whip you every one. A les- MYW Ill teach." Twenty-four hchstwd up in line. and the hmlgovrent to work; twenty- mu l5 how standing there but h) bgchcr does not shirk. Twenty-

amné: look gloomy as the strap

long

b with force; twenty-one “whirls! to shake or. a the ‘m mm course). Twenty email

mthtened grew as the

1 lm the representative steamship lines. Wnault,

131 Queen Street

lliUllERN_ EXPERIMENTS IN GOVERNMENT I-Communism in Russia

sist in the development of their in- dustries. and invited foreign cap-

in the ranks when Trotsky and many others raised clamorous ob- jections to the "new capitalists."

in Mexico. gives vent; to bitter cri-

floated a large loan and proceeded on a "five-year

been built. hydro-electric erected and old celerated. plished but in order to carry out the programme the Republic has been forced to extend thc campaign an- other five years.

DITTY DOGGEREL

last lirnps to his seat; ninctccn boys gaze longing through the window to the street. But oitlic rcstlnced not tell, I'll hurry on to state flint when the master neared the end sweat trickled down his pate. His energy was spent. his anger gone, his arm was sore; he wished he hadn't started, that there wasn't one boy more. the second-last. and ilie boy be- gan to bawl, he fomied a plan to ease his arm. and find out after all. And so he put this proposition to the final_ youth-"You tell me who it was and you'll go free, now that's the truth."

If I but tell the name?" yea," the master answered. "come now. tell me. I'll not blame." “Well then," the boy responded. "I'm the one who put the trap in your poc- ket. and I hope. air. that is where you'll put the strap."

OCEAN TRA

For cruiee or one way trlpa

w. K. ROGERS

THE (IHARLOTTETOWN GUARDIAN

THE ED UCA TIONAL HORIZON

—A SA TURDA Y FEA TURE——

And Views Of Interest improvement |n

CAN SCHOOL BE A PLEASANT PLACE?

no other recourse. depends upon the nu the Entrance Examinations. Jack's father doesn't think about whether 3W1! 15 hBlJPY at school or not so 10118 is he is able to say: “My JW-‘k 15 setting on all right. He passed the Entrance Exams."

Arid so this cramming prams; continues. Jack is kept in. Larger amounts of unrelated facts m; filmed dOWn him until he hates the teacher, hates school. hates BOOk-S. and at ilie first opportunity 80G a job and thanks his lucky stars that this wreched part of his 1119 15 Over and done with.

Can we remedy this situation? Yes. if we are independent enough to teach for true development in our pupils and not for examina- tions. When we find a. pupil grasp- lrlg the necessary work slowly let him take his time: sec that he does his best. encourage and approve; but above all see to it that he is happy.

We know there are many parts of the curriculum that would be much better relegated to the waste basket. The wise teacher can see that they are so disposed oi in- stead of cumbering the memory oi the children with that which is

quite unrelated to ilfe and merci- fully forgotten as soon as exam- inations are over.

Some day, perhaps. we shall have a practical curriculum re- lated to the life of the child and a system oi grading which will depend upon some simple and prac- tical test of intelligence. Then pupils will be working happily dealing with ideas they understand and for which they can find direct and practical use.

In the meantime let us relate the work as much as we can to the child's after life; let us try to stimulate his powers of observation. but over and above everything else, let us endeaavor to teach him the duty of being happy and of mak- ing others about him happy too.

His reputation mber that pass

exile, Lenin and Trotsky. ‘These captains of the Bolsheviki or “ma- jority men", abolished private pro- perty in land and capital and set up a communist system with the government seat at Moscow. Here came the elected representatives of the local and provincial sovlets to the All-Russian Congress. The constitution declared that "The Russian Socialist Federated Soviet Republic considers work the duty of every citizen of the Republic, and proclaims as its motto: ‘He shall not eat who does not work'." After a regime of five years the Bolsheviki discovered that they had to run the industries which they had nationalized. Many neces- sary manufactured articles could not be secured in government storcs and factories. Thus they were forced to swallow their communis- tic pride and to adopt a New Economic Policy, under which they employed foreign engineers to as-

italists to develop their mines and oil wells. All went well, When Lenin died in i924, Joseph Stalin became Secretary-General and carried out the newly formulated programme. But dissension arose

After weeks of debate the Soviet government exiled Trotsky and his associates. Today Trotsky. an exile

ticism of his former country. In 1929 the Soviet government

industrialization New factories have plants enterprise ac- Much has been accom-

programme".

And as he whipped

To Teachers And A

Educational Matters

REFORMS DURIN I. POLITICAL

The Chartisis‘ Demands:

1. Vote by ballot.

2. Every man should have a vote.

3. Members of parliament should be paid.

4. Electoral districts should be equal.

5. M.P.‘s should not be requir- ed to hold property.

6. There should be annual gen- eral elections .

2nd Reform Bill passed by Dis- raeli gave right to vote to prac- tically all the laborers of the in- dusirial towns and cities.

Ballot Act passed by Gladstone. All votes should be cast upon un- signed papers and be secret.

3rd Reform Bill passed by Glad- stone gave the rural laborer the right to vote.

II. ECONOMIC

Corn Laws imposed a slidiwg- scale of duties upon foreign grain brought into England. As the local price went down the duty in- creased. and vice versa.

Anti-Corn Law League was form- ed by Richard Cobden, John Bright and Richard Villiers. It agitated for frec import of grain.

Potato Famine in Ireland helped to bring about the '

Repeal of the Corn Laws by Sir Robert Peel (effect 1849)

Removed all duties on imported grain.

Mr. Editor:

As a former teacher and School InspectorI am naturally interest- ed in things educational and fol- low with enjoyment the opinions expressed through the columns of the "Educational Horizon." I think you have chosen well in naming youivdepartment because “Horizon“ suggests the ability tc explore in all directions in seeking the true path of progress.

I have found that motives play a very large part in the control oi children in school. If we can con- trol the child's will. we can con- trol his actions. We can control his will, if we control the desires which control his will. Since the motives to which the will has be- come accustomed to respond in childhood and youth will become

M.B.A. _ If the verb expresses a continued action, such a sentence is rendered in French by the pre- sent lndicative and “depuis"

thus: "I have been sick for a week" becomes Je auis malade de- pills huit jours. “They have been speaking English for many years." Ils parlent anglaia depua beaucoup d'ans. But this rule is not follow- ed if the action has been com- plcted: Je ne l‘ai pal vu depus iongfempe. ‘ »

R.G.D.—The climate of a local- ity depends upon its latitude and altitude chiefly. though other fac- tors that modify to some extent the climate of a. place include: (ll the direction of prevailing winds; (2) the nearness to large bodies of water; (3) the proximity of large bodies of land; t4) thc presence of forest areas; (5) nearby ocean currents; f6) nearby mountain ranges; etc.

Climate is thc average condition of the weather from year to year.

ll Others Seeking

G VICTORIAN ERA

Results: England entered a per- iod oi prosperity. She was start- ed on the road to "free trade."

Navigation Acts were repealed; yet Britain's shipping increased

Free Trade country. This was a boon to British shipping.

III. SOCIAL

Previously postage for any but wealthy people. Rowland Hill suggested that let-

called envelopes" upon which a penny stamp should be placed.

civilized world.

system of national education un- der the supervision school boards. telephone, newspapers gas ing. chloroform, ether, aritiseptlcs. trade unions.

Baron Lister made wonderful improvement in surgery, particul- arly in preventing blood-poisoning

IV. RELIGIOUS

The Jews were given the right lo vote and to hold public offices. Baron Rothschild was allowed in take his seat in the House of Commons.

LETTER TO THE EDITOR

the motives of the man or wo- man. we should appeal to the very highest motives it is possible to i11'0l15¢. and not be satisfied with such as we would not care to see in our men or women. I would rank school motives from lowest to high- est like this: .Fear of punishment. . Hope of reward. .Desire to excel. .Desire for approbation. .Desire to do right.

Only the last is worthy in rulc in human conduct. g

Continue the good work. Mr. Editor. This is a greater contri- bution to educational advancement in this province than you may suppose.

Ul-QWIQ“

Very’ sincerely. KINGS COUNTY

Correspondence

volumes-just for advertiing pur- poses. Their methods vary little: their designs are the same. May we urge that unless you really want the books that you say so defin- itely in the very beginning of thc interview. Don't worry about the salesmans feelings in the matter. He is not worrying about yours.

B.A.-Measure of space is usual- aly expressed by the Accusative, as Fossa ducentos pedes longa but sometimes by the Ablaiive. as. Hi- berna duobus mllllbus passuum aberant.

The Accusative and Infinitive is used as subject of impersonal Verbs . and as object of verbs of declar- ing. perceiving. knowing, thinking. or believing. Beginning with thc word that construe the Accusative as a Nominative; and the Infinitive as a finite verb of the same tense,

l t

as. Cacsarem amare eonstat. It is well known that Caesar loves. Caesarem Amavisse scimus. We

Weather has to do with atmos- pheric conditions for much short- er periods like a day, Week. 0F occasionally a month.

I16. - Page 295. Ex. 4. Find the volume of the four spheres. The sum of three of these will equal the fourth.

R.T.T. — The rulers of thc coun- tries you mention arc as follows: France-Albert Lebrun. President; Belgium -- King Leopold III; Italy _.K1ng Emanauelc 111.; Sweden- King Bustai v.; Norway — Kim! Haakon Vll.; Holland — Queen Wilhelmina; Denmark King Christian X4 Buliflflfl —- K1Tl8 Boris 111.; Rnumania -- King Carol Albania - Kinfl Z°8 I-

t

AJM, _ The plateau oi fill is divided politically into Afghan- istnn. Pcrsla. Balucliistan. Arm- enia. and Azerbaijan. The plateau is subject lo extremes of climate. The Caroline. Pelew. Marianne.

know that Caesar has loved.

A.G.G. -_ The Conditional ir. French is merely the future view- ed from the past. The term Con- ditional. as you suggest. is open to some objection.

Words like part4 arc considered i as having two syllables. although ending in ivliat is called e mute. This filial e is really slightly pro- trounced. This word would be di- video into syllables thus, por-tc (Sec Rule 3.l

ME. - Day. month. and century are not abstract nouns. An ab- stract noun is the name of a quality. condition. or relation hav- ing -no real existence apart from the objects flint possess them.

NOTE

At. last the booklet entitled "Mn- triculation Examinations for the Past Ten Years" has been com- pleted. During the next week one

and Marshall‘ Islands. all former- ly belonging oi. Germany. are 110W rulcd by Jflllflll-

"Go free? O boy I really may? "Yes. -ELEPIIANTOSIS.

h... -- l -

i.

of all well known

Phone 510

tural prov of unscrupulous agents. Every so often these approaches us and invari- ably we have been selected to be the recipient of P-

Chidlcy Cape in the northern ex- h-emiiv or Labrador. Lake Eyre is in ‘Southern Australia. Inver-

Qgrgvll is on Foveaux Strait. Smith Island. New Zealand.

_ _ Teachers are the na- CRM book

one of

free set of

Take the

and pleasure. Late hours, mental or physi

you paaa restles with no ambitio

Take lililburn will do for you.

pllestless flight: - Pepiess llays

The potent cauu lien i in the extreme nervous which we follow in the

system it in unable to vvitliatan

copy will be sent Free to all mem- bers of the P.E.I.T.F. Non-mem- bers and students are referred to the local on page three of this is- sue.

This Department ia conduct- ed by the Prince Edward inland Teachers‘ Federation Contributions are welcnmu and should be addressed lo G. E. Hart, Charlottetown.

Joy ilui oi life

n the hurried life we lend, tension and fever heat with pursuit of wealth, position

Wlilfi

0! necessary rent, excessive cal ex

ortion nllgmt a strain on the

. No wonder then

mgiite laid ‘get up in the morning Boa ou our dail t lr.

H. 6 N. Pill’: and fliyflallllnf-IIO]

361 Duties were removed by Gladstone. and Britain became a

Pcnny Postage established _ 1840.

was costly ters should be posted "in little bags

The Postal System-a gift to thc Education Act 1870 established a of elective Railways, post-offices, telegraph.

and electricity, photography, electrotyp-

Have You a Hobby ? Do You Garden ? D o Yo a G o I f ? Do You Drive ? Do a DailyDozen ? Wear KA YSER

HOSIERY for. service, good

appearance and better values

5|.

ooes g

When you stoop . : .zip! goes d rim; the whole length of your new $2 hose! The cure! Kayser "Fit-All-Top/l They "GIVE." ior the stetchiness in their tops ol/ow: for bending, stretching, kneeling! Sheer or service weight.

“BE WISER-BUY KAYSER" $ I '00

Kxvsan

'&0d 525mm:

98c

suovvisn and WEDDING GIFTS

Jardiniere

Electric Toaster Aluminum Fruit Bowl Aluminum Candle Holders

Continued from page a

It is a book which cannot fail to make us aware of the "humanity '

of ancestors." l The development of character 1 “TIMES and oi biographical writing j in the seventeenth century assisted , in the birth 0f the" English novel. I T119 CV5 3Y5 0f Bacon and Dryden, t the diaries of Pepys and Evelyn 1 the eloquent and artistic proac of 1 Sir ‘Thomas Browne. Walton, Bun- 1 yan and Milton arc all notablc achievements in the gYOWLll of .1 literature. And the witty satiric l comedies of Sir George Ethercgc. Wliyclicrly and Congrevu lruly re-

veal the merrlmcnt and liccnsc. 1 H . i

criiclcness and vulgarity of the ludol (‘Zmvy Ladle

peyjod_ Tudor Lold Meat Fork Recent books dealing with iliil. Tudor Sugar Tongs

period are tlirec volumes of bio- Tudor Ben-y spoon

Eraphy of Pepys and "England of . - ,

Charles Hi- by AM..." B,._,.a,n_ Set of 6 Silver Tea Spoons

Silver Bread Tray

Silver Tca Pot Tile

Silver Bon Bon Dish Silver Candle Sticks

Silver Flower Dish

Pyrex Loaf Pan

Pyrex Casserole

Sci 0f 3 Refrigerator Dishes Set of 5 Bowls

Glass Cream and Sugar Set

"These livliite Hands" by Warwick

Deeping. "Restoration Carnival" by

Maurice Bctlicll Jones. "And So To

Bed" a comedy by J. B. Pagan.

and “Rare Poems of the XVII i Century." an anthology of charm- ling but little knou-n poems, edited I by L. Birkett Marshall.

uAslo lwnu

ng as men are ial=e and women vain, , st gold continues to be virtue-Ls ‘

1 banc.

f‘ In pointed satire Whycherly shall China Cream and Sugar Set , mg": J H E‘ I l China Flower Vase