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MGDRE s. MELEODMJEQ.‘

CHARLOTTETOWN, P. E. l.

Founder 0f ll. S. Tech To Retire

HALIFAX. Feb. l'I — fCPl — Dr. Frederic H. Sexton, fowztder of the Nova Scotti; Technical. College and its president for 4t) years. will retire in May and will be succeeded

Dr. Alan l-I. Camercn, deputy

nistcr of Mine; for Nova Scotia, it was <'llll1tllll"fCt‘l tonight. by Prem- ier li/iacdonaiti.

Di, Fcxtntt, who i5 6'7. was sel- wted by the Provincial Govern- ment to found the college in 19m Nova. Scott; became the iirsi. Prov-

ince to have organized tcclmical education.

As president. he hr; been a leading figure in Canadian engin- eering education. He was respon- sible for the development oi.’ eve- ning technical and coal mining schools in Nova Scotia and a pion- eer in plans for establishment of vocational high schools‘ in- the province.

Dr. Cameron. the new president. a native qt London, Ont. Joined the staff of the Department of Mines in 193’! as deputy minister. Al. t'ariou5 times hc has been pres- ident of the Association of Pro- fessional Engineers of Nova Sco- tia. the Provincial Mining Society and cf the Canadian Institute oi! Mining and Metallurgy.

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H.W.HClay lnieresiin

re rt was Dile- sem ClalyoSenior Live- stock Fleldmen. Federal Depart- ment b! Agriculture at the opeﬂill! meeting of the Farmers Institute held Tuesday mil" B‘ m‘ Legm“ Home on Grafton Street.

"in giving you I WW" °1 ‘*1’ swmgqnqustt-y in this province. I {gel that I am in a position wherell find it difficult to prevent my”. from becoming over-enthusiastic l can make a statement of fact that P. E. island is today 1°°ked “W” as an important source o! iihecbeil bacon type Yorkshire hogs n 8-"- ada. The outside demand f0? 0"!‘ registered breeding stock is far be- yond our present suppiy- _

Last September we SlllPPed l earlot. of registered boars and 50W! to Alberta and Manitoba. As a re- gult o; this shipment we receiveid orders for four cal-loads o! bree - ‘mg age sows and some boars. We shipped ten head to wilSll. Ltmltieg a Montreal Packing company “fl a large farm near there. This firm came back vvilh an order 0t a car- 105d o! registered sows. We hilwl received orders from iildlvldui breeders in Quebec. Onlarm- NW“ Scotia and New Brunswick. All these orders up t0 ‘the Present time have not been filled. We have not the necessary surplus-

W-hy is there such an outside de- mand for Island Yorkdhlres? The answer is found in the fact that we have a type <15 m3 that ‘M’ form; to market requirements more closely than that found in other parts o! Canada. Our com- mercial hogs overall! @1051“ l° 50% A grade. Ifsows and off- weights were eliminated our hogs would grade over 70% A Slade- If we had closer attention to weights and finish, the market hogs in tihis province should grade close to 80% A Erade- _

Since 1922 when hog grading was initiated we had selected_ our breeding stock with emphasis on the important characteristics such as length smoothness, and the abil- ity to produce a lean carcass up to the top market weights. We have maintained feeding qualities and constitution as evidenced by the fact that many of our hogs reach market weights at. five months of age. We have refused to be carried away by the fads and fancies which are often dictated by breeders and judges who never had an oppor- tunity to apply these fads to the finished carcases as it. hangs 0n the rail. Twenty years or ntore ago, there was a scramble to produce a Yorkshire with a long head. About ten years ago the same breeders scrambled to have a hog with a short head. Today, these same

THE CHARLOTTETOWN _QUARDIAN

Presents g Report:

Before e sow can qualify in Ad- vanced Registry. she must have a minimum o! eight pigs at six weeks o! age. Four of this litter, two sows and two barrows are sent to the Test Station. These four pigs must reach 200 pounds in 200 days. When the {our pigs are shipped. the career-uses are cut and scored. They must average 75 points out o! 100. These requirements elimin- ate tthe sows of low fertility and poor maternal instinct. They eiim-l inate sows which produce pigs of poor constitution and poor feeding qualities. They eliminate the sows which produce pigs o! low grading. In this way Advanced Registry is useful to every swine producer by indicating the profitable families. Our objective should be to have every sow and boar in the pro- vince out o! a dam qualiﬁed in Advanced Registry.

In the production of registered breeding stock for sale to outside buyers our breeders must take a more serious responsibility than they have in the past. Our brood sows and‘ herd boars must be d0- veloped and kept in better condit- ion. Thcy must be kept outside on pasture. The young stack must cart-y bloom and they must be given exercise on pasture. Lice must be eradicated.

Stlndard Required

In 1947 I do not intend to be a party to the sale of registered stock unless the breeder meets these rc- quirements. I do not intend to take outside buyers to farms where tzhe management and the condition o! the pigs is a bad advertisement to our stock. I would ask the breeders to co-operate with us in outlining their breeding policy. If they ex- pect us to assist them in placing their surplus stock, they must build their herds on stock that we can recommend and not animals which they may select or buy at random.

This breeder‘: responsibility in- cludes the tattooing of all litters except those from sows going on tcst under Advanced Registry. livery pig must be marked before it is eight weeks old; otherwise, it is not eligible for registration. For this reason, every breeder should arrange to have a tattooing outfit available at the proper time" With

the great increase in the number of breeders, we cannot assume the re- sponsibllities of marking any stock l other than litters in Advanced Reg- I istry. I would like breeders of t

this in mind and not ask us to mark their stock. This is the breed- ' et-‘s responsibility. l We must have an improvement; tn our tncthods of registering our stock. ‘

breeders are beginning to think they need a change again. Same adian Yorkshires needed more day we have this fad carried to the point where coarseness of legs head and shoulders have almost reach- ed the point of deformity.

Our island breeders escaped these pitfalls with the result that we have n strain and type of York- shire in demand by swine breeders from all parts of Canada.

Jhiother point in our favor ls our freedom from swine disease in some parts of Canada where short nosed pigs are common, there have been very heavy losses from Rhinitis. It is significant that we never had a known case of this disease in this province. If for no other reason than Otlt‘ freedom from Rhinitis we sitouid not bring in outside breeding stock.

Some years ago we improved our Yorkshires by bringing selected boars and sows from Central Can- ada. About ten years ago we noted that it was becoming increasingly difficult to find the kind we want- ed. Since then practically every boar brought to this province has failed to improve our stock. Breed- ing stock in Central Canada today ls too short in the body, too heavy in the shoulders, too coarse in the bone and decidedly too bull dog like in the head. If we wish to maintain the merit of the strain we now have. we must not bring in outside blood as we find it avail- able today.

l would agree with a plan to im- port n few Yorkshire boars fromi England and have them tested hcrol under careful supervision. This‘ idea might warrant further con- sideration. ‘

We need have no great: concern about the lack of new blood in our Yorkshlres. An analysis of our best breeding stock today will‘ ﬂow invariably that they All closely line bred. I believe we eon intensify the good qualities o! our

l rcglsteration certificates. years ago, it was thought the Can-l

bone or heavier underpinning. To-l

There is too much delay in securing ‘ The Can- ndlan National Records Oﬂlce ls not responsible for all o! it. I under- stand that almost one hall’ the an- piications forwarded from this pro- vince are returned for correction.

- This is the result of careless record

tkcepixtg. when we make our ﬁrst I visit to all the breeders next spring < we expect that all record books will Ibo up to date with full particulars ' oi all animals in the herd.

Bright Outlook l

The outlook for 1947 is very bright.

Whereas we had only about |ztctive breeders oi’ registered York- t shire: in 1946, we will have over one

hundred such breeders in 1947 cud linnny with herds of ilvc to eight. l iii-nod sows. This gives us assurance . that we will have a large increase in : the stogk available for sale to out- ‘side buyers. Not all of these new breeders will be successful. Those wire do not follow the correct system oi feeding and management will never be key breeders o1 registered stock.

With the‘ increase in the xtumocr of new breeders. some of our older breeders may fall by the wayside. I am mentioning this possibility in order that some o! our established breeders may remedy some o! their past short-comings. It‘ they keen their stock indoors in the summer, if they keep them in dirty inaccess- ible quarters or if they continue to show unnecessary delay and error in their registration, they will find that new breeders will mnke the sales. We will co-operate with the breeders who co-operate with us. I

The year 1946 was a year of ex- pansion. We were taxed at all times tn ﬁnd sufficient stock to supply ..hc local demand‘ of registered stock. This nﬁiznt thatgwe could not; make the c e selections we would like. In 1947 with a large expected tn- crease tn the number ofregistercd

lYorkshires, we shall be in a position

to cull more closely. Some breeders may find it necessary to replace some et their brood sows with better ones. There will be more competit- ion among the breeders “in making

hogs in line breeding. I believe that we have gone far in eliminating ridglings, hermaphroditles and, ruptured pigs by close breeding.‘ This l3 no experiment. The fox‘ breeders found that they improved their stock by line breeding and in some cases in breeding. In the island of Jersey the cattle breeders nbver bring new Jersey blood. I have a record where e sheep breeder bred back to the some ram for five generations with an im- ptovement in every step. Our Yorkehires are now the beet we have had and they are mw-e closely bred than at a past. time.

Close breeding cannot be fol- lowed indiscriminately. We are exercising great care in selecting for fertility and feeding qualities. I believe that the general ewlne producer will agree that we have eiimlnpted the kind that in years gone by were considered “hard t0 teed."

If we are to emphasize the sale of our stock to outside points, our breeders of registered Yorkshire: must support the Advanced Relie- try Policy. They must make e lpec- lnl ieffort to test every low and then build their herds an qualified Individuals. Practically every order from other provinces show e preference for stock from qualified

owl and boars. in tact, most

rders for boars insist that they be ﬁg]; dams

sales. The year 1947 will see the

cﬂtcient breeders come to the front: The others will fail to survive as

producers of registered stock. No

matter now many new breeders we

have, we will not have too many

top animals for sale. In tact, we can

open up new outlets it’ we have

young sows and boars in oeirloati

lots available at all times.

Due to the outstanding type of Island Yorkshires we have a grow- ing demand for breeding stock from outside paints. we muet avoid bringing in outside breeding stock except under very cloee eeleattml and control. We must cull our mo: very closely and line breed to tn- tcnslfy the good qunlitieeend te~ eliminate the charaetcristld we do not want. We must been our Reed- ing on sows qualified in Advenecdl Registry. Our breeders mult show more efficiency and more eell- re- liance in developing. mar in; and registering their stock. I 1M7 we must cull our herds very oloeely and l replace with better individuals. Our breeders muet keep their stock In prernteee fella! in commie? will atractvs IIIMUQPL n .10 will see new breedete become breeders while others pet-hope 11ml old established breeders may pun oototttte picture. time that we may all wort to ﬂﬁllllﬁ on our present favourable tlan and that we may continue hold the spotlight as the beet source of Yorkshire umelne Rook in annull-

other classes of live stock to bear ‘ ,-

ANDREW MALCOLM

reason? so. 1941'

Alxmlusren

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