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an: OIIARLOTTETOWN curnnun

NOTES BY TIIE WAY

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WEDNESDAY,

rmc OYSTER INDUSTRY

s _.‘ Reference was made in these col-

umns recently to the optimistic pre- diction of Hon. E. N. Rhodes, Min- lster of Fisheries, with regard to the prospects of developing the oyster

industry in this Province. Mr. Rhodes‘ statement was made in anticipation of the plans of the De- partment, for the leasing of oyster areas in the Malpcque region and other suitable grounds in the Pro- vince which are not now public commercial oyster beds. The leases will be for a term of twenty years and will be renewable, so that les- bees may be assured of a length of tenure sufficient to warrant them 1n undertaking the work and out- lays necessary to build up success- ful farming. This plan has been adopted following the handing ovcr of the areas to the federal author- ltles by the Provincial Government 1n 192B, and after extensive re- search work had demonstrated, in the words of the official report, "that the Malpeque region can be made to produce a much larger quantity of oysters than it ever produced in the past and that oys- ter farming can also be extended to cover large areas in other parts of the Province." i Pull details of the federal plan, summarized in yesterday's Guard- lan, are given elsewhere in this issue. It is hoped that ‘all interested will cooperate and that the once flour- ishing oyster industry of the Prov- lnce will again be revived and the output increased to an extent even greater than in the past.

more effect on Japan than on any other nation, because Japan's trade

JAPAN AND CHINA

One of the most difficult prob- lems that has confronted the League of Nations Council is its present task of composing the dif- Irrcnces which have arisen between China. and Japan. The situation is a difficult one in many ways. In most cases with which the League has to deal it is comparatively easy to say when there has been aggression. If the troops of one country cross a recognized frontier into another country. that act in itself constitutes aggression. 1n the present instance, as the Vancouver Province points out, matters are more complicated. The Japanese are in Manchurla, the part of China in which trouble has arisen, under the terms of a treaty. They have a right to be there. They have their leased territory in the Liao- tung Peninsula-the southern tip of Manchuria. They have railway concmions of large magnitude, and great commercial interests» Altogether, about three-quarters of Japan's investments abroad are in Manchurlaand there is no doubt of Japan's intention to protect those interests. Under her treaty with China, she has a right to maintain troops in the leased ter- ritory and along the railway line. For years she has been assuming the right to protect her commercial interests, and minor clashes, the result of this assumption, have been of fairly frequent occurrence.

The Chinese insist that Japan has been the aggressor in the pres- ent series of incidents, and have appealed to the League to order Japan to withdraw her troops to the zone in which. under a strict interpretation of the treaty, they have a right to be held. But it is not easy for the League to issue an order of this kind and make it effective. Out of the treaty have grown the Japanese commercial enterprises, and the conduct of these enterprises involves the pres- ence of large numbers of Japanese subjects in Manchuria.

Meanwhile the actions of the ‘Japanese military, which appear to have been somewhat harsh, have had the effect of rousing intense feeling in China, cw»..- of today ls somewhat different from the old China. in which " - l '

.._-.

OCTOBER 21, 1931

For u: lflllltntlon of what gold mines mean to a country we have only to look to another part of the Empire, south Africa, whicb de- spite diminished markets for most of the other commodities she PW" duces, has actually in eased her favorable trade balance and finarr’ clal stability, through exports of gold. There is another InterestinB

Qnhp

B) Iona W Bdhl. ID.

THE CHARLOTTETOWN GUARDIAN

Education» By Slam!“ :

' (Toronto 610W)

Km: George as the world's most noted stamp wllector is aDPBNBP» ly exerting considerable influence in his field, for many 0! "19 Wm‘ tries of the British Empire are.

OUIOBEI.

issuing new stamp-f v1 silt-Pm"! orlgmamyjnd beauty. A fow d8?! ago Canada put Mm 8 new Stamp

The sycamow. the lime. the p09- lu now '

Their rich (188180.

Their Autumn harmonies of 19B!

ants of the next villaEB W"? Te‘ garded as more or less fou-smile"- It is becoming unified and a na-

oRDINABY soarAwonnaur-uz. ma,“ a “ken”, o; sir George “m, “w, flizegliltllfsrz-lgabseltlfaezrlgddsirrfg DISINFECTENT E- Certier. an Bddliwn" 1”" m ComW-‘ie- Wmbm"

tional consciousness is ‘Bwwlng- There have been centrifugal forces at work, too, and revolutions of al- most constant occurrence. But the Japanese aggression-if it can be called that-has served as a heal- ‘ing agency. lt has brought the war- ring elements within China togeth- er, and there is a very insistent de- mand for war on Japan. President Chiarlg Kai Shek is reported to have threatened hostilities, even if he bankrupts the country for fifty years.

War, however, is unlikely. China, so far as military and naval forces are concerned, is almost defenseless. while Japan is among the six or seven great world powers. But China has defenses of a different sort, her magnitude, the inacces- ibility of her vital parts, the num- bcrs and character of her people. No nation can hope for much cred- it in a war with China. and nations which have conquered the Chinese in the past and have even ruled over them have found that, in the end, the Chinese won. They swal- lowed up their conquerors. China has another defense, too- the public opinion of the world. World opinion has already com- pelled the Japancse imperialists to modify their policies and moderate their demands, and it is still pow- erful and inclined to favor the weaker rather than the stronger PBFW. ' China's third defense-the boy- cott-can probably be used with

with China is large, and forms a very important section of- Japan's

Africa is in a prosperous condition. through exporting gold, after re- During the W" “Yul!!! 111d taining sufficient for her owrr nat-i everythluil W85 4°“ l" BTW?!“ the ional needs,—kecplng it moving, solspread of " . WWW" 411F158 to speflk,—lnfltefld 0f Iwudlng it. iprevious wars, more men often died gfrom disease than were killed by the According lo official figure: DWI-i enemy- seas coal and cokereoeiptsthis nan} Dr. n. J. Nichols became greatly son are lower than last year byginterested in trying to prevent the over one hundred and five mous-‘spread of respiratory (new. throat. and tons, due to Hon. R. B. Ben- and chest) disease through the use nctte’s embargo on importation of of the contaminated eating uten- Russian anthracite, sils. He found that the use of cr- dinary soap used in washing mess kits destroyed the organisms of

observance of the Diamond Jubilee ' I o; gongedemglon, Many of the The hills are silent, and the rivfifs Dominions. bolonies and Wanda“ flow

ed territories of the Empire hi" Unn-mrmllflflfl _ recently made issues of special mow“ secret mists of morning, value in recording Svfinefy. animals, yet, 1 know.

portraits and other Pictures n‘ Somewhere they sini-

lating to their own land.

5° much enterprise has been Show“ 1n some cases that it would seem me Governments concerned have an eye [to creating tourist business, we are reminded by the mp1", Review. Thus Southern Rhodesia pictures the famous Vic-

r Somewhere the voices that I comm’? hear, Beyond the din of blatant day's devices, fountain: clear Their chant begin-

Buslness ls quieter in Canadil than it should be partly because too many people in receipt of wag- es, salaries or other income are denying themselves things that they should buy. Their attitude is purely a mental one and they should escape from it-they should take a brighter view of life and make reasonable expenditures in- stead of practicing unjustifiable economies. The export market may be more or less beyond our control, but the domestic market can be improved by the deliberate action of Can- adians who at present are piling up money in the banks at a tremend- ous rate. The savings of depositors increased by no less than $10,000,- 000 in a recent month and the Canadian banks to-day have some- thing like $2,700,000,000 on deposit, without considering the sums held by trust and loan companies. The increase in these deposits is being caused by the refusal of many peo- ple to make the purchases which they ordinarily nuke.

pneumonia, influenza, and other dis- eases. Following this, Dr. John E. Walk- er, Opelika. Alabama, undertook a more thorough investigation of the use of soap to kill ofl harmful or- ganlsms. He began by using chem- ically pure compounds, and from these results then tried out the or- dinary commercial laundry and toilet souPt, and found that the re- sults obtained from these commerc- ial soaps agreed with the results ob- tained from the chemically pure compounds. What did he find? That the ordinary soaps possess marked power to kill of‘! the organ- isms that cause the infections of nose, throat and chest. He found that even 1 part in 80 would destroy these organisms, and when you realize that in an ordin- ary thick lather used in handwash- ing the proportion is 1 to 12, you can see how effective is the ordin- ary washing of the hands in killing off harmful organisms. " Surgeons, before operating, al-

The other day five men were sen- tenced in Calgary to prison terms ranging from six month to ten years. The oldest of the five was twenty-six years old and the young- est nineteen. crimlnologists have recently noted on the prevalence of crime amongst young people. Seventy-five per cent of serious crime is committed by those under

foreign trade. As a highly-indus- triallzed, nation, Japan must have a market for her goods, andChina her best and most promising market. Even for enlarged conces- slons in Manchuria, which a war might bring. it is doubtful if Japan would care to injure permanently her prospects of a growing trade with China.

HOME TRUTHS

Under the caption "Liberals need not Exult," some very plain home truths are spoken by that organ of militant Liberalism, the Vancouver Sun. Reproving Liberals .who are exulting over and misrep- resenting the measures taken by Premier Bennett in, dealing with trade with Britain and United States, the Vancouver Sun says : “Partisan Liberals and their press and their ex-Premier take a great deal of glee at some of the drastic steps which the Bennett Government is making in its efforts to balance Canadian trade. "Liberals need not exult; they and their leader, Mackenzie King. are partly to blame for the pre- dlcament Canada finds itself in to- day with respect to United States trade.

“The day in 1922 that United States talked about putting a Ford- ney tariff against Canada, the same afternoon Mackenzie King should ‘have got up on the floor of our Canadian Parliament and announc- ed an equally high tariff against United States. m did no such thing on that day, nor on subsequent days, nor in subsequent years.

"The result was that United States traded Canada ofl’ its feet. The Fordney tariff was followed by a succession of tariffs and restric- tions against allowing Canadian manufactured goods into United States. Canadians were allowed to sell United States our raw mater- ials. Our muskrat hides or our pulp- stone granite went in duty free, but if Canadians endeavored to tan that hide or in any way manufac- ture that granite, it was immediate- ly subierted to insurmountable dut- ies." The article concludes by again "“‘*"""n" Liberals that "there is

those

twenty-five years 0f age. The crime of older men is ~less,serious. The young risk their lives and do that which brings them long terms of imprisonment or capitalgpunish-

ways spend considerable time in washing the hands with ordinary soap and water. Moreover it was shown that the activity of soap was at least doubled when the temper- ature of the water was at 96 degrees to 98 degrees F, or about body tem- perature.

Now when we remember that all about us, there are organisms that can cause trouble and that our hands are touching these things constantly, it is certainly gratifying to know that the regular and fre- quent washlng of the hands with the ordinary laundry or toilet soaps

merit. ‘Three principal explanations are offered: lack of discipline at home, in the schools and a relaxa- Wm 05 general moral standard since the War. The Calgary Herald Sllgilests that it "is probably true that the wave of extravfl-gance and gambling which swept over this continent in the latter half of the last decade under-mined the mo... al and spiritual fibre of the people to a marked extent. The lure of easy money drove thoughts of thrift and industry out of fashion. The 10h! depression has made ghe older generation return to sane liv- B and thinking. but a section of the new generation, lacking 1n moral and mental stamina, contin-

is still possible, and that grmgd assault on society is the quickest way to get it."

i195 to believe that an easy living matter already has been presented

is sufficient to destroy the organ- isms that cause the nose, throat and chest ailments.

Washing dishes or other utensils with good hot soapy water is pretty good health insurance for the household.

Home Study and Sleep

(Exchange)

Much discussion has followed a recent declaration on the part of the medical profession 'of New Brunswick regarding the question of home study for children. The

in some of its aspects to a pro-

toria Falls on the Zarfibesi River.

11 night would come, 1118M °f the

widespread knowledge of

while anon. cuana prfsenislthe body's day.

Old Man ran of the Po aro R v"- 1; all the dust

which is 822 feet high. Australia Thick on the lptrlt’: ear, were h: l,» including in a new series several of i away,

he, famous anllllfllS such as the:Th15 gold, this rust

kQngQfQQ, emu and laughing 131515‘,

ass. Some Governments are using ‘ More beautiful than gold, of chang- stamps rather lhan monuments to mg leaves»

commemorate 8"“ “em-h as “.1 think wouldbc

the case of Australia's three issuei The web of music that each singer in memory of the avlflllm exphmsi weaves,

o; A1.- comlnodore Kiflllsfmd‘ Revealed to me,

Smith and Newfoundlamfs stflmD‘ for sir John AlcoclCs first transw atlantic air-mall flight, India, Irflll.

New Zealand, various colonies in _ Africa and in the Far {East his‘? ENGLAND “A5 FLHM’ (“ME also risen to the pictor a1 post - _ ilities in stamps. ' ‘ Never has private flyig: Canada has silos": leadership mi Emmmd as m“ yea" he taken the same He“; Many pegple will! of men and women who avcd we remember 51.- William Mulock's out pilots‘ licenses has upasst mots Imperial issue of many years ago,’ 10.000 mark, and coun as; 1o bad while postmaster-General, show-i M0 PWPMMK t‘) ‘y’ S?‘ t cum? mg 3 map of the Elnplre, with the. weather of the year has if: a so motto, "We hold a vaster Empire‘ "1 airplane sales or tul ongnq

than has been," The Diamond, great is the interest shown tna 1 - Jubilee of Confederation in 1927 fish aircraft constructors ale coll-

—Jolm Lchmann-

{ii-

sauce, such as ghdgeghowing sir. annual aviation show on similar John A. ‘Macdonald, Macdonaid lines to the London Motor Show; and, Laurier jointly, Hon. D'Arcy I Thegrcat growth in flying is no McGee, u... Fathers o; Confedel", confined to the younger general-iv". atlon, Baldwin and Lafontaine for many a man or woman aged (the fathers of responsible Euverrv‘ 59 01' 111°" has bewme a prmcient‘ mam), Sh. George gamer, sir pilot. Flying clubs are springing Wilfred Laurler, a map of Canada, up all over the country.

the new Parliament ‘Buildings ill Ottawa, and asketch showing trans- portation progress from the pony express to the air mail. 01111568» also presents on various scenes and episodes connected with his-g tory. i Stamp collectors need no longer

The Man t/Vho

brought several issues of slzfllfl" Sideflng m“ qucsmm oi huldmg an -

16-22 Canterbury Street.

Enjoys A Good Smoke

Knows that his favorite brand of Cigars, Cigarettes or Tob- accoes can always be had here.

be charged with indulging in a parlour fad; they have the basis of history. biography and geography at their disposal. i

“SOUTER JOHNNIE" HONORED

With impressive ceremony and before a large crowd of Burns‘ en- thusiasts, a tablet affixed to “Sou- ter Johnnie‘s" house in Klrkoswald, Scotland, was unveiled recently. The tablet is the gift of Ballie Uln- ian Macwhannel, Glasgow, and the unveiling ceremony was performed by Mrs. Muir, whose husband, Rev. James Muir, was instrumental in securing the whole property to be converted into a. Burns shrine and

We also carry a splendid lino of Pipes in best English and French makes and can guarantee a suitable selection at any price you may care to lily-

The Balum at $1.00 and The Della at 50c are both excel- lent values.

ltls no trouble to show

vinclal commission which is in- vestigatlng the question of educa-|

“America. has had only a limited QXDerience as a creditor, and it may appear to her that she cannot ad-' vflniaseously lend to bad debtors. Debtors more urgently need 55515. tance when times are bad than. when they are good. Bad though: their position may be, p, will beJ °°m¢ Worse unless they are helped.‘ Debtor countries are by no means blflmless- but the resmnsibilitles of‘ creditors are not less grave than those of debtor countries." The truth of this is becoming vim i» the people of the United States, along with a fuller sppreclaw tion of the effect of their high ‘tariff on the debtor countries, who‘ [Cannot nay in sold and are not Permli-Wd to Day in products. There is a clear case for international co-I operation to save the situation on both sides of the Atlantic. Interest ls therefore very keen 1n me 00mm ing conference between President‘ Hoover and Premier mval o; France. Out of it may come an in-l ternational conference.

i

really no reason for them to exult." “The words of reproof o; a friend." lnmcnts the Regina star (Conservative) on this significant, rebuke, "Ill like ointment to the soul." It 506011111181? Passes "the ointment jar" along to chm organs of depression "whose only happy momenta are moments of exultatlon over some half-truth, in an effort to show that Canada is Being N5 rapid ruin.”

tion in New Brunswick. Other‘ viewpoints will be given to it‘ later, 1t is expected.

At the last annual meeting of.‘ the Association of Assistant Masters of Secondary Schools in‘ England the question of home- work was discussed with parents and others present. Two general_ rules were adopted at this meeting- for guidlnce:

1. Home-work should be set on ‘ not more than five evenings a week ' 2. 'I'hs maximum home-work

more ob-_ “m” pm. evmmg should be Under study that can be given to it by all

l2 years of age, 40 minutes; from 12-14 years. 90 minutes; from 1i- 16 years,120 minutes; for pupils over l6, no deilnlte time to be given but pupils should be encour- aged to direct their own studies. In a pamphlet entitled, "Keep the Family Well," Dr. Helen Mac- Murchy, chief of the division of child welfare, Department of Pen- sions and national Health. Ottawa, discussing this subject "Everybody knows that while n reasonable amount of home-work gives a training in individual effort sometimes the individual effort falls on the hard-worked parents. All agree th1t the amount of home work set should be regulated. Children need plenty of sleep. You cannot keep them well and strong without plenty or slegpf‘ Of course, a. great deal depends on the kind of the home-work. 1f it is to be in the nature of resecrri} M mil!" how Kimble. following out the plan . and built upon the! foundation laid in school hours,‘ well and good. But consideration. must be ziven tothe health and mental capacity of the pupil, 3nd