THE CHARLOTTETOWN GUARDIAN

PAGE NYNF. _

.. N EWSY

NOTES -

B! AGIWOLA

i

l roan 0N Till-s PALE i T“ R HORSE

a] , 0f Si. J01!!! ‘W9

m fififlwpicyim of Four Horse- “ smounterl respectively on white. m" black and pale horses. This, f!‘ ‘is an allegory 518M323?

are come s m‘ WK‘, faith from war, famine. upon stilence. Reports from several the. and especially from Po- ‘°“,'f 51.5w increasing perturbation hrél-‘gno spread of typhus fever. The gim- on the Pale Egg-e is abroad. e is Deb‘ “d m! “w” often called Brain m.“ m4 in the days when the nditions in British prisons were 3g ioyghle, it was often present nnxder the old mime of “gaol fever." Microbes were unknown in those m. and the malad? WM senerallv “tributed to over-crowding, desflmtion, hardship, and oyer- “WM A“ 01d book, written by an Obscure author, who nevertheless displllvs more power of observation “m, {ye usually credit to old writers on such subjects, says it is the pest a; famine districts and beleaguered duos, Ho thought, however, that it might be carried, by the infection of persons. or othes, into any n¢ighb0fll00d and to any M1150"- This suspicion was not far astray, for modern science has definitely connected typhus fever with the cuing vestlmefltl - the conrmon “so -as carrier.

The old writer noted too that the “w. might not show itself for a fortnight after contact with an af- fected person. Then the symptoms were "a feeling of utter-good-for- noihingness." headache, nausea, and {M51159 chilliness, and the stricken

rson takes to bed. As the disease progresses the headache increases (hence "Brain" fever), the tongue i; dry and broivn, the thirst great. (he pulse high, rind the bodily heat may, sloop-at first, restless - iurns to stupor with violent or mut- wing delirium, the face and parts s! the body turn a. livid dusky color- on the fourteenth to the sixteenth day alter the first attack comes the critical stage, when the patient may collapse; or on the other hand sink n a. deep sleep, whence he awaken very weak, but. as our author says “a new man." In those times, when medical practice was in its infancy. it was seldom that the patient awoke feeling a new manl

Readers may recall the prophecy oi st. Odile, which appeared in this column a few months ago. ‘Phat prophecy (which first appeared .in print 25 years ago) told of a terrible German warrior who at first was to beat down all opposition, and en- slave Europe. But he was to endure only for a time: he would become distrustful of his own men: and moreover an unknown disease would brenk out to help his downfall. Are we witnessing the fulfilment of this?

THE ISLAND OF MALTA (5)

The modern history of Malta may he said toeommence with the Roman fule at "bfclta." The Roman wov- emor of the island had a residence at Notnbiiv, and this was excavated about 25 years iigo. when many in- teresting relics were found. Perhaps this was the home of that Publius. "the chief man or the island" who received 5t. Paul after the ship- wreck (A. D. 60) merit/ow" " ‘he. Acts of the Apostles. S. Paulo and S. Publio are still prominent names ln Malia.

After the collapse of the Roman mph-e. the Arabs, who were then iifdding for the mastery of the known world, took possession of the island and built the fortress which Sllll guards the entrance to the Grand Harbor. The fortress (now called St. Angelo) was built on the ‘m’ °l a Temple to Juno. In the fear i090 Count Roger of Nor.

fix IIOI.SON'S POULTRY HEALTE (Tonic and Fgg-Stimulato)

H1315 1N out of the hot sun. or n ew more logs on the fire 1 uirow another shovelful of coal “u ‘l? filovo then read this ad. mor" Elks All Winter. You want the‘! and more eggs to sell at =8 war-time prices. speed up H living. Nicholson's Poultry pgfilttl; will put your “one! l" loll-notch laying condi- m -ont gontains ingredients which lvens titim dormant e88 crum- mwe ""1 up and makes them Beam.‘ Feed Nicholson's Poultry health jfiglllfillv t0 make Hens keep 5W aid the digestion-to l,” thin“? Elnslfl; and cackllng and ,5 e ~ llw loving disposition. InMfISG“ d"? from 23 liens In wemhe; letJcizizs in 12 below zero when in-“w “"“*"Y- A Multryman hm“ h.“ e have 23 chicken; and n" am a“? m aii winter, m "llllry Health: ‘eedlns "mmmm l dav- in th W w ‘ ‘° 5 m‘ getting‘ m t m’ “wells. we were weeks we ,,° “l "~ day; in five ov. ,,,,,,“,§ 15 l» 19 em a dn . u.’ Hum‘ “was Nicholson's you. me mom"), I; watch results for h n ' "m" “D the egg- n B organs, gm u“ the wznlliiiknter 11°‘ cold or wetut: Also ‘Kmfiggg ,2 lb box 1o cents. an... , n, b0 "75 Home Health. h‘ Health 2:110 cam!’ Nicholson" 315 reeds,‘ g‘ ‘l’ "Ox $1.15. You ilutup "m, “will each box. 1m live i, you "ordered and all do. c", supply a ention this pnpgr, money m, ll! quantity. 5on4 n °§,"h’°' "h" you want or in, , b“ arlottetown call "R. .1. in,

m. Km st‘ NICHOLSON

Charlottetown 9,3,1 L-fifl-l-ia-Il.

Hens and n;

' Mummioh

Jlflfldy. having conquered Sicily from the Arabs, landed at Malta and exacted tribute. 'I'hera is an in- scribed stone over the gateway to St. Angelo. perpetuating the Nor- man -victory._Several beautiful Nor- man buildings still exist. The Arabs still held the island till 12.50. when they finally withdrew. For the next three centuries the island his- tory was uneventful, though the Turks (then newcomers wcliurope) made peroidlc raids and dragged the unfortunate Maltese away to a me of slavery.

In 1530 Malta was granted to the Knights of the Order of st. John of Jerusalem. by mnpea-oi- gnu. les V of Spain, who seems to have ” of the island in some unexplained fashion. A: the Order of St. John was an inter- national onecncli nation built it; own head-quarters in Malta, and

many of these beautiful speoime

of architecture are still in use as government offices.

In the year 1565 a powurful Turk- ish fleet made an attack on Malta but was finally driven off by the Grand Master of the Order. His name was Ll Valletta, and he built the city of Valletta to emo ate his victory. As the site 0f the city is on a. steep hill many of the principal streets consist of flights of stone stairs thus meritlng Byron's description - "a place of cursed s ." A modern visitor has called V letta" a‘ 1315M of bells, yells and smells," but that is perhaps an ex- treme view. The Cathedral of st. John, in Valletta, was commenced at this time also, as a burial place for the Grand fvfasters. When com- pletcd this Cathedral had a. Sacra- mental Chapel whose heavy but ornamental gates were of pure sti- ver.

The Knights of st. JOhn were cordially hated by the Maltese, per- haps as much for their foreign na- tionality as for their laxity and luxurious living. The French Re- volution caused an uprising which stripped the Knights of their power and possessions. (The Order still exists in England, however, and works in conjunction with the St. Hahn's l ‘ ' Society and the British Red Cross).

Malta. came to the front again in ‘.788, Napoleon, finding that tho British fleet had left the Medi- terranean for a time, seized the is- land on his way to Egypt. He ex- pelled everybody connected with the Knights, confiscated what remain- ed of their property, and took over that of the church. It is sold that the solid silver gates of the Chapel were hmtlly camouflaged by a. coat of paint, but to no purpose. ey together with the twelve silver statues of the Apostles. were how- ever, redeemed for "a great price." The Bishop's historic crozier which had been brought from Rhodes, es- caped Napoleons attention, by be- ing thrown into l. well by the ver- ger. The clergy accused him of stealing it, and refused to believe history; but he persistediuitevan in his deathbed, so the well was drain- ed and there was the orozierll

The Maltese of the Middle Ages had something of a. macabre taste in the way of decorating their churches and mortuariea. For ax- amplo there is a Chlwel where the bones of the Knights of st. John have been worked into a most orna- mental mural design. The chancel arch is outlined by a semicircle of skulls, under- these are thousands of small leg-bones worked into a network pattem. The capitals of the piers whereon the arch rests is o. double row of skulls, and the piers themseles are marked by upright rows of skulls separated b runes wrought into a co age e feet. The spandrels are filled with big "roses" made of shouldler.- blades. Round the walls runs a dado of eight rows of skulls one above the other. The "Skull and Cross- bones" emblem is employed lavish- iy. There is but one complete skeleton but it looks quite natty, all by itself in a little decorated alcove: on its head a. sort 0f coil. and robed ln an abbreviated shroud. it seems to be beginning a shuffle-dance! Really the decorations are so well designed that ‘one forgets their gruesome origin (To be concluded).

Some Fishes of Maipequc Bay

Looking over some bulletins I came across the rrocoedlngs of the N. 5. Institute of Science for 1939- 40 which contains a "Preliminary List of the Fishes of Malpeque Bay" bv Dr. A. W. H. Needier, who was at that time head of the P. E. I. Bi logical Station at. Ellerslle. Be- sides the list of fish other observations which make the paper delightful reading to the NI- ture student, and it is not. less in- tcresting b0 the fisherman. I was not awaro that anything in this line had been written since Francis Bain gave us his Natural History of P. bl. I., but Dr. Needler cites the list Cornish and etafford. both pub- lished in 1912. Cornish gave a list of the fishes of Tlgnish. and Staf- frod's list is "so brief that it does not‘ pretend to any degree of com- pleteness." Here are a few notes rom Dr. Noedlar’: paper,

M ue Boy, lke m others on our ores. s shallow. ltered, and has a great seasonal range in temperature. It comprises an area of about 40,000 acres and since the droinafi area is so small the salin-

itynils gh.

c Llmprey, an eel-bke-fiah. attaches itself to mackerel. "and as the latter is common in the Bay. the Lamplrey may be expected to occur wit it." Blln does not men- tion the lamprey in his list of fish- on.

‘me Prickly 5km. known to Boin as the ‘rhornfinh. is Rois leabrata Gannon. A single specimen about o inches long was coined in e Boy. A specimen about four times that length was token at the mouth of Smelt Creek, Lot 33.

Another species, the hi: dill!- bmou Mitchili, was more in evid- ence u. Malpeque. ft is the Big, or lyfd skate. It is reported common atfiglflniah. skate u generally uteri in tun, but being cheap, in not

in esteem. Klifflsh (hndnius 1mm- cllm L.) is no lnwon o; the . it is one of the most

abundant shes of the Boy. The

es there are]

NA TURE N O TES

i I: Stuart i. momma

'Q+Q¥'O-Q-O-O

04-6-04

TWIG TIME

We "e vary Drone to think that with the falling of the g0rgecugly. WlONd autumn leaves we are left to look u n barren woods with lmlnwmlns twigs all mono- wlwl-lbly the same. ut even a cas-

Blonce at the winter wxds shows the trees themselves to be different in shape, size. and even ln 00101‘. and when we examine the l-Wlifi of the various species of trees we find, as with all studies, that. observation reveals differences uri-

‘ d hitherto. For no two kinds of trees have twigs exactly alike, and mini’ ol’ them have twigs as different as their leaves.

Naturally these differences are no-t so obvious when trees are in fu leaf. It is not until the foliage 15118 1W8)’ that we have an oppor- llllllllly l-o really study the twigs. It is as though Nature draws aside her great green curtain and bids U5 wmmence our study of a new phase of fowstrv. And. as in all Nature. we are lcnpresstd with the endless variety of twigs.

The many different sizes of twigs at once attracts our notice, The hickorles, butternut: and walnuts are not what could be called great trees, and the sum-och is little more than a large-sized bush, and yet all these carry stout. heavy twigs,

much larger than those of the stately elm or th tail gmgef 1 crsdk willow. The e u

size of the tree htg-stggilns to do with the size of

l .

A amnces also differ widely. In a good forestry expert can identify a single twig as readily as most of us can name the ocrn. mober trees on sight. ‘me beech is a smooth. slender, shiny, Kraoeful 8PM»? with long. sharply- pointed buds. bright bPC-EM in col- or. The sumach is a short, stout verg hairy stick with more knobs 0f lldd. The ashes and maples are llfllque in having smooth, slender,

v

high polished twigs, with binds in i)! opposite each other on the twig Even the Manitoba marple,

whose leaves differ-e so from the others. bell-fig divided into leaflets, still retains the family character- istic of pairs 0f buds. Most twigs are straight. but o, few, like me galntufvoamo? wild dplum, birch-

. a asswoo are zi - With buds at each angle, g mg

And. quite apart from size and B-Pliearanoe. some have their own personalities. so to speak. The

aisam popular. as spring c. .

caches. unfolds its brown stlc y

ud and gives off a delightful odor which reminds those who know 1t of the woodlands And many of us can recall outdoor rambles of former days by chewing a Sprig of samafras and revelllng in its spicy flavor. or by the sweet gelatinous taste of basswood buds.

But these are all mom or I935 superficial observations, which should lead us on. not only to be able to know the trees by their tw s. but to learn the secret wh h lies within the bud. 1t i5 one of the miracles of Nature, that within that tight little package on the twig there is the germ of abundant life. Month after month, through the coldest of weather, when the temperature drcps far below zero and when one would wonder what could withstand such frost. that germ still survives. un. til the milder days of spring bid all dormant llle awake. And then. be it the buds of the gnarled heme- lv walnut or the slim gi-acefu‘ beech. the stout hairy sumac-h. n" the shiny fragrant ‘poplar, (n? Tlflllfll’ stiff 0a or the swaying strands of the willows and the birlchq. all unfold and develop into the leaves we know so well, mn- ls this all Wrapt uo in iii-at bud. in its innermost parts, is that gvg- tericus something whlc-h in time becomes the blossom. llie nut, the b8"?- thewinged seed. the oatkin °T the Emmi. according to the species of tree.

During the fourth quarter of l9- 41, under the quota provisions of the Canada-U. s, Trade Agree. ment, Canada has shipped to the United State: 24,135 Ziead of cattl- Welilhlll! 700 bounds or more. other than hairy cows. This i5 46.- 8 per cent of the quarterly allot- ment of 51,720 head.

largest taken was Just over 5 inches ng.

In i931 there was an incursion of Needleflsh or Billfish into our waters. This l5 the Scombereeox saurus of Walbiium, and has a long "bill" for mouth A single specimen found its way to the Bay. It was about 16 inches long. Fishermen could not recollect having seen these fish before.

A single specimen of the Tuna (Thunnua thynnus L) was found stranded on the mud flats near the mouth of the Bay; and was record- ed by Stafford.

Altogether thirty-two distinct species of fish have been taken in

Malpegue Bay.

OIDII YOUR CARDIN SEED! IAIIY. A SERIOUS SHOIIAOI Ill"! IN MANY VAIIITIIS

A Ruohellz) (vbiiipe TOMATOES

yfikum ONE VINE ' 5"""':".I'i'i'."".'l?$'..§""'*

THE NEW OLIMIIIII

or unborn. sunligh- lmxzfllllw w cym-l-‘gmm wit?!‘ in at smote-I. “m: ' ._ IN! fish-Julio?» In!

lettu- Thon Ivor

Domain Banana, 0mm

Ilene "vital conce n in making the price

I CONSERVATION I

I WEEKLY COLUMN OI PRACTICAL OPINIONS 0|’ TB! VITAL ISSUES AFFECTING THE USES AND ABUSIS OI NATURAL RIBOUBCIB B! Ill. LUDLOW JENKINS IABSHFEID.

At that time the ble-ii: islands are a. queer sight, with big seals weighing a. ton or more “\voofing"

Eery year the United States gov- malastlcallv. and llnv seaLi bark- ernment sends out many of its in; shrllly. trying their flippers as Coast Guard cutters to protect the they wrlflsle around. and dlvms 1n- young seals. These pug-nosed in- to the sea to catch fish. Then, too, fants swim with their mothers the mother-seals are teaching their down from their summer resort on pups to stay close to the maternal the cold, rocky Pribilof islands of lllppers. lest lurking color boars Alaska. to bask in the warm waters catch some of them. of the coast of California. Because of old treaties with the

The little seals have to swim Indians, the red men are still al-

many azundreds of miles, and nat- lowed to hunt seal with bow and urally they and their ni "iers lra- arrow. The joke is that they may vel very sloivly. That l5 why the use only canoes. It is harl to catch government sends its curlers to a seal in a canoe, and harder sill. guard them. For if the seals had no to shoot one with an arrow. so the protection, cruel pelagic sealers seals are not 1n much danger. For might hunt them down pith inomr- rare is the Indian who can boast boats and rifles, and kill thfm for of having harmed one of Uncle their fur, whim is very valuible. Sam's charges. It is against the Laws of several na- Since the government started pro- tions for hunters to follow the tectlng seals, their number has in- mothers and capture them or to creased until now there are au- catch and kill their young. proximately two millons.

Long ago the seal hunters slew i“ their prey relentlessly, until there The armadillo. commonly found was danger that all the seals vroilid in southern Texas, Mexico, and be gone. But the seals never Central America always has four clmiiged the custom of swimming young and the four are either nil up to Alaska and back down to males or all females. This is the warmer waters-just as though only animal in the world known to they trusted m some greater pow- produce its litter of young oi’ only re to come to their help eventual- one sex. They make nice pet! and ly Finally help came. The nalmns are easy to care for. They root in held a. conference, and the United the ground like pigs. hunting for States was charged with ‘hi. duty insects and roots. They nre prefect- of protecting the seals. ed by a hard shell which covers

Beginnin in January. and often the entire body except the under- even ear er, mother-seals and side , father-seals start swimming from ———- the warm Southern walrus as far ‘Turtles are rather sluggish ani- down as Mexico and back. to Prib- mals and do not use up mucn en- ilof where government officers se- ergy. ‘Ireir hard shells prevent lect the seals to be used for fur-a moisture from escaping from their relatively small number. Coast bodies. They readily store up fat Guard cutters then keep hunters which serves them well in times of away from all the other seals, which famine. when necessary they can are free to frolic about the rocks. go without food for a year.

T00 Many 130W Feeding Operations Outyight Hogs For 1941-42 Season

‘Ffflkwggghfggng llfiéfific§fifiofifig Cattle feeding operations for all t: glrld, mcrealged dlscoums m Canada for the 1941-1942 feeding l g 823a hogs partlcmarly m season will on about the same alvha; Canada Hon J G Tag? scale as in 19-10-41 states the Eris can“ 0', the-Baud states Dominion Department of agri- thajt the“ h“ been no c,“ m prices culture. However, there is likely l A and B1 grade ha“ He said to be a difference in the distribut- °h mber 4m bud um ion of feeders as compared with l‘ a‘ ta“ gllved issued a statement past years, due to shortage of “Em e“ “grunt unless something roughage in manv feeding areasin lgume ‘iweglme bv ho producers Eastern Canada on the one hand themselves w redflce gm number and an abundance of feed in many ‘we, m or the mwgrade hogs districts in Western Canada on the ‘i’: ‘fight F,” necessary m, otherwlésuafllyi moée “feeder edcallzté: arofa ne n as rn fe -o drasticflreductlons onaggsgs igilargcyeel: than m the west “l l“ as; me’:- grat in except Two factors have contributed to ‘ems; °° if’ 31,18, brim; about this condition. First, "n?" t9 t g“, this warning the eed situation, and qflfifiid, a will" us“ hang o,‘ improved a§ strengthening of the market f0;- ttge i flaw?“ n 5 :3 Show For the feeders early in the shipping season °k° flieggruflgnber 29'“, 10h which helped to raise the price for $2219 hoe‘; n,“ mchruv, sows m3 feeders to fairi high le"els. sta giveramarketed in the three In western “nan u“ Dmnr“ Tragiiie Provinces The domestic we“ lrwkst. méaaa mffaiffli“ 311° , v O i .1 ‘ t . s all? grout. ogetgf tllgwtléig‘ g2 winter. The feed supply appears to wh c mg-ly m zhese prohnces 1g be ample in most sections. In Al- gliaiizulgggimpe“ week Accordmhly beg-is. paltltlrvrien {were nct ablehto - - ' m e u use o cover crops e- 93595 °illt9z Serif“; kiwi: agiegf cause of the bnckwiud weather at the gun“ tshpllBvilgigl Mmmw o harvest time, This will likew- he a $521 vlinder (this. agrxecment Can- fact“? i“ the "ill"! 0f wtal gains, i“ iii“ “36l>°é8‘8’3%'8 “it s3i’°‘l=?§§ ess an , . . . - . i. gr 3g, 133,1; ticiétif“éli.%i3ii”‘t.‘?32"‘2.f3?‘ lwtls marketmb n ‘Li; C D E ing that country are accnrred Yfivlew- 10-674 “em l?‘ e i ' t‘ most-favourod-nation treatment, including the benefit, of prefer- ential rates on certain articles.