THE GUARDIAN

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l THURSDAY, AI'GllST 26. I954

Fluoridation Studied

The addition of any substance to the public water supply is a serious matter, certainly not to be undertaken lightly or without full information on the consequen-

ces. The Charlottetown City Council, i therefore, was quite justified in turn- ; ing down a motion earlier this month

which called for fluoridation and which the Council as such had not had time to study fully.

A proper study of the question, however.

is more than warranted by the value of . the plan if it proves uiiohjectionable. A i sharp reduction in tooth decay amongst

children under eleven would be immediate- ly beneficial and the benefit would be continued and extended as a generation with fine strong teeth to start with came of age to value and prc-sen'e their initial advantage. .

The Federation of Mayors and Munici- palities has received a report on the sub- iect from the Health League of Canada and it will no doubt receive consideration at the forthcoming meeting of the Feder- ation. It is very much to the point that the regional and national branches of the Canadian Dental Association and the Can- adian Medical Association have endorsed the project, as has the Health League. of Canada.

It seems clear from various reports

references to the that fluoridation is safe under proper supervision. The fact that taking many times the required amount daily may cause the mottling of teeth'and that substantial amounts act as a poison are not insuperable objections to adoption of the plan. They are, naturally. the best of reasons for having expert supervision of such a programme. 7" ”

clover Seed lluty Jumped

So much has been said about the U. S. tariff hoist on watches, remarks the Fi- nancial Post, that a similar move against a product of much more immediate con- cern to Canada has been almost ignored. This is alsike clover seed on which the duty, beyond a specified quota, has been jumped from two cents per pound to six.

In both cases, while the local vote with any interest in the matter may have been important from the Republican Party standpoint. the U. S. industry which was getting the extra protection is insignificant. Indeed in alsike, U. S. production can hard- ly be termed an industry at all. In its own report to the President, the United States Tariff Commission makes that point clear.

Alsike, this report points out, is only grown in commercial quantity in three states of the union, Oregon, California, and Idaho, where, it is significant, the political race between the Democrats and Republi- cans will be close this fall. But even in these three areas there are less than a thousand farms on which the seed is pro- ' duced and in no case is the sale of alsike more than a sideline.

On the other hand, notes the Financial Post, high class hardy alsike seed has been a most substantial export from a wide area of Western and Central Canada and it has gone a long way toward balancing the heavy lTlli'lOlii3 of other steels we take from the United States. "l'wice in recent years Canadian alsike exports to the U. S. have totaled over four million pounds. Now any- thing over the quota of 1.5 million pounds will face a near prohibitive duty of six cents.

T; .3 Winning Survival Flglit

i North American caribou, moose and buffalo are winning their fight for sur- vival. These and other big game animals which faced extinction now are roaming the wilds in growing numbers. Man ap- pears tn li:ive reversed the trend toward destruction he started more than R hun- dred and fifty years -ago. Stricter hunting laws and better control of fires, wolves and other predators are largely responsible for the increase.

Caribou. a sort of American reindeer, are the cattle of the far north. Eskimos. flndians and settlers in Canada and Alaska depend on them for food and clothing. Forest fires, wolves and hunters take a heavy toll, but more herds have been re- ported in the last three years. The cari- bou's favorite food is lichens. or ground moss. Migrations in search of food make accurate counting almost impossible, but authorities believe conservation measures have been successful. In the early 19th century the slaughter of the American bison, or buffalo, began. By 1889 an esti- mmii 50.m.1"!?." in "19 United 3t!.t9U'."'

;

t! A ....,....-..

. .

dwindled to fewer than 600. The American and Canadian goverrunents have established

governments and private ranchers now own 35,000 head. Since range is limited, the bison population is not expected to go much higher. Herds are thinned out periodical- ly. The meat is sold or turned over to Indians and public institutions. The largest herds are at Wood Buffalo Park in Can- ada and National Bison Range in Montana.

The shaggy muskox disappeared from Alaska long ago, but some of these large sheeplike beasts were, transported from Greenland and again wander across the barren tundra of the mainland. A few survived in the remote wilds of Canada, and hunting restrictions have allowed them to increase abundantly.

Moose were fast fading from northern forests, but favorable conditions recently brought such an increase that hunting con- trols have been relaxed to avert overpopu- lation. Forest fires, mortal enemy of the caribou, are a boon to moose. The burning of spruce and pine forests encourages growth of willow, birch and aspen, favorite foods of moose.

Bighorn sheep, both the Rocky Moun-

more plentiful. Government refuges pre- serve many. Others roam wild in Colorado, Idaho and Montana. Some hunting of big-

in national forests.

Dali sheep, white counterpart of the western bighorn, propagate in Canada and Alaska. Legal hunting is limited to adult rams, and the Dall, like the western big-l horn, is taken chiefly for its value as a trophy.

EDITORIAL NOTES Birthday of Prince Richard, 1944. I

c 0 I I- A large-scale international civil defence exercise will be a feature of the 17th an- nual conference of the Canadian Feder- ation of Mayors and Municipalities which is being held next week at Windsor, Ont. It is unlikely, however, that the dispersal of industry will be developed as a theme.

Ottawa now announces that the R. C. A. F. observed in 1947 the circular ice is- land whose discovery was made public by the U. S. Air Force in 1950. That puts this country in just about the same cate- gory as the Soviet Union which announced years later that it had made the discovery early in 1950. H, I, ..

0 c c - - -r The decision of the directors of the Royal Bank of Canada to change the posi- tion of shareholders from holding book stock to ordinary registered stock reflects the dropping of double liability in connec- tion with the ownership of bank shares. In earlier days the subscriber for 51,000 worth of bank stock was liable to the ex- tent of another similar amount should it

have been necessary to satisfy creditors. O

The Battle of Le Cateau was foughti this date 1914. In the general withdrawal the three divisions of the British 1st corps found it necessary to stand against seven German divisions. It was largely an' artil- lery duel in which the British guns were outnumbered five to one. The corps, al- though badly mauled, was extricated from the position by a retreat punctuated by a series of heroic counter attacks.

I O U . Mr. Patrick Nicholson, Ottawa column- ist, reports the following incident of 3 trans-Canada tour just completed by a group of newsmen from the countries of our NATO allies. As the tired party ap-

I

bison herds in national refuges. The two ”

tain and desert species, are also becoming .

horns is allowed by state authorities and

l CFEBSC.

P3394 11IoGnIrdlan

Tlicl Passing Scene 8: Ohunot - lures cnbu

Report; from l Johumubuu. south Africa. any that two Mm! of explorers are now In that reg- ion searching for the cradle of man. This is distinct from the cradle of

- clvilliation which (as was reported 'lnancdttaoi-iallntitiicpcpercomc

time ago), is supposed to have been in the little village of Ju-ma. Iraq. It. was then that men first formed themselves into some sort of community, in c laws for social living. and cum; in agricultural pursuits. That: happened only about 7000 years ago, a very recent period

, in man's history.

The present search is for the birthplace of the race. The British Museum is sponsoring one of the

- explorer teams; the other is being

financed by: South. .Af can

. . syridicatcland led by scientists mm

"Shoes Jltliat

Set My Feei A.D3.i

p-4 ...n.a.........m-AL .u...-:..a......sJ

cing - -"

PUBLIC FORUM

This column to opus to tho discus- sion by corrupcudcntu of quoltionc of indirect. Tho Guardian does not uccunrlly cndoru thc opinion of correspondents.

IS TEE U. 8. UV DANGER?

Sir,-Ono cannot help thinking, has the greatness of the United States turned their head? is his- tory repeating itself? Is she say- ing. "Is not this great Babylon which I have built by my mighty power as a royal residence for the glory of my majesty"? A serious crime is committed every few seconds in the United States and the wprst crimes are some- times dcne with no other motive exce t the thrill of seeing blood flu and the victims writhing in agony. In a magazine recently. "Love and Gore" pictures were shown. Love was put in to modify the bloodiness of the pictures. Brando the central figure is of the prize-fighter type and Eva Marie Saint is the beautiful girl. The pictures of Brando, beaten up by his enemies, are gruesome and bloody. One is reminded of the sports of the Coliseum in Rome. This theatre covered five acres and held 87,000 spectators. When the Emperor was seated and gave the signal the sports began. There were many and of great variety: and the more fierce and savage the better they pleased the people. The sport that fascinated the populace above all was when the Christ- ians were thrown to the lions. As they marched out into the arena they bowed, looked up to the Emperor and cried: "We who are about to die salute thee”, and then the starving lions were let loose, but it was that upward look, the smile on their faces and the psalm upon their lips that those pagan Romans could not understand. So powerfully en- trenched were these sports in the minds of the people that they continued for a hundred years after the Emperor himself had become a Christian. Those in- human sports greatly helped to bring disaster upon the Roman Empire.

The U. 5. now has television and those bloody scenes may in- Gory prize fights will become realistic and no longer will they have to pay 520.00 for s ringside seat. Such scenes will never gain ground in the 1'. S. they say; but the riff-ruff have the vote and if they want such scenes they will have them. I read recently a short. entitled: "The best way to mu"- der Aunt Maudie", and in i! intoxicating drink iii mentioned nine times. Wickson. the plotter

SiOI',V

proached Ottawa by plane on the last lap of the tour, the considerate pilot flashed a message to the airport to hasten their landing. "Please have ramp on hand to meet plane," lie requested. When the plane landed, a group of policemen surged around it, all set to make their arrest. The signal had got jumbled so that the word ramp was received as "RCMP". O I O

Canada exports both gold and by-pro- ducts of atomic fission but a recent ship- ment of radio-active gold from London, England, to the Manitoba Cancer Relief and Research Unit in Winnipeg, indicates that Britain also exports radio-active isotopes. These specially prepared radio-active ma- terials, so Jmportant in medical care and research, are now in such demand that British supplies some 16,000, a year, of which approximately 5,000 are for export. In most cases "the isotopes are urgently

and Dr. Desto the crystal ball man swlll liquor and get drunk and Aunt Maudlc is fond of it. I have wondered how the U. S. people could consume 8 billion dollars a year in drink. it must he that many are drunk or ha'f drunk all the time. A nation is not built by boozers nor financed by liquor profits. The future be- longs to the sober. Booze is undermining the foundations of the American Republic.

The world. the flesh and the devil are said to be the trinity of evils that threaten humanity, but of these the world is more deadly by far than the other two together. Does the U. S. as a na- tion wornhlp the world? It looks so. Material goods is more to be sought after than the God of Jesus. A doctor said to his very ill patient, "Your case might be wane. You might be poor." In the U. S. the ultimate calamity is to be poor. Are we Canadians wller in this respect than the Amcrlcctil? I am not at all sure that we are.

The hops of the United States In in the Christian Church. and In her leadu-ship are strong and

needed and shipments become races against time. The Canadian consignment left Lon- don by plane on Monday night and was in Winnipeg the next day for treatment of a particular case. One of'the properties of radio-active gold is that when injected it localize: the particular disease without entering the bloodstream. Like other ico- topec it is of use not only in treatment but also in research. The traffic in isotopes between Canada and Britain is, of course,

good men and women. Just now then in a promising spiritual movement within the church there. She will need to be very much alive to nave her country from the disaster that but (Not- ukcn other great natlonl. I am, Sir, ctc.

W. I. GRIIIN Sun!!! Brldl0

Iunr no-r FAIOUI l Add!-cu was

two-way as Canada in alcogag agtgngc pg-

- . I, I .

of SQW MWGOOL K; g

Why all the fun about lulla.n- boy haircuts. We think thcyire fine -on Italian boys. -London Free Press.

Pride in to chuncter what. the attic is to the house - the high- est part, and germrally the most empty. -Gait Evening Reporter.

While some progress has been made, it's still true that war is better at. abolishing nations than nations are at abolishing war.

-Toronto Star

A mental drug used in a London hospital is said to make adults feel childish. Lots of them can feel that way without any drug at all. -Dally Times-Gazette.

A moat dlnycrous type of think- ing is that a war would achieve iviiat one would wish achieved. Thathiipplics whether this line of ihoug exists on the other side, or this side, of the Iron Curtain.

-Ottawa Journal.

The largest food store chain in the U. S. has sliced the price of its three brands of coffee by ten cents a pound. Can this be said to figure in a trend back to what

some American politicians are fond of calling "normalcy?" -Sydney Post.-Record.

A major United Kingdom alrllnc proposes a fly-boat. service direct.- ly across the Atlantic, with a re- vival of interest in robust flying machines that can be built larger and larger without making any de- mands on land for room to take off. -Ottawa Journal.

Who says newspaper men In hard boiled? What. could be more delicate than the Associated Press report from Hollywood concern- ing the operation undergone by Theda Bard, original ramp of the silent movie era: "Her age is a carefully guarded secret, but 10 years ago the columnists were say- .ng she had passed 50."

-Ottawa Citizen.

Canada is rapidly assuming In the eyes of the world a position as the country where tremendous ideas can be put. into practice. Nothing seems too big for her Let the committee that meets later this month to talk about the St. Law- rence seaway keep this in mind. The seaway stands as a symbol to Canada. The St. Lawrence is the historical backbone of Canada

' -Kingston Whig-Standard.

A frequent cause for complaint in this city are the untidy streets -and litter that on windy days dances down the gutters'and on calm days remains an eyesore on sidewalk and grass verge. Apart from the problem of getting at the streets to clean them while cars are parked, much of the untidiness is due to carelessness and lack of civic pride in the great. anonym- ous public. After all, in one re- spect. a street resembles a home in that it will never be tidy if ev- ery one drops the things he doesn't need and leaves some one else to pick them up. -Hamilton Spec- tutor.

I NOTES BY THE WAY

Even the lightest of canvas. tlons are often strong in scandal power. -Ohathiun Daily News.

Too many other fellow -Stralford

Trsfflo it-ouhlc: drivers leave it to the to dodge disaster. Beacon Herald.

One thing, anyway, makcctu look forward to winter. We shall then be reasonably certain that. the arm protruding from a cu ahead has some significance. -Hamilton Spectator.

-The Soviet. press. in an effort to clean up Russia's morals. has launched a campaign against drunkenness and hooliganism. One Russian periodical charged that many Soviet. youths are more inter- ested in geettlng drunk than at.- tendlng Communist youth clubs. Maybe the youths can't see the difference. -Sherbrooke Record.

The lurch laws of economics and the romantic laws of love have little in common. But. they have ii. very close association. Indeed. the bnromete of love is one of the best banometers of economic con- ditions. This is llustrated by sta- tistics for Canadian montages in July. They are down 13 percent from the similar month of 1953. The reasons is obvious. Economic uncertainties have caused many couples to postpone marriage.

Windsor Daily star.

Al Jupcr'n famous golf course. green keepers and fairway water- ers have been having a spot of trouble with bears. Fond of tak- ing showers in the summcrtiinc, the bears learned how to turn the handles on the valves of the water- pipes and set the sprays going. Course employees put. a stop to this by taking the handles off. Noth- ing daunted, the bears continued to revel in showers by clawing hole: in the hose. Now all hose is taken in at the close of day.

-Napier Moore in Financial Post.

It may be unwrltcn but than is a. rule of the sidewalk. It is keep to the right. Where this is un- derstood pedestrians can move eu- lily even in rush hours on the busiest streets of in community. Where it is not fpllowed foot. traf- tlc becomes snarled. People, old and young, dodge each other; stop. hesitate, turn, and start forward only to collide again. other knot: of people may stand in the centre of the way talking. A boy may run against the traffic stream, knocking parcels to the pavement Confusion results. There is no rea- son why anything of the kind should happen. There is a rule oi the sidewalk. It is to keep to the rightl --Victoria Colonist

The Age Old Story

I will bless the Lord at all times: his pnlla llllll continually be hi my month, My IMII Ihlll lnnkc hcr bout in thc Lord: the humble

shall hear lllercof, Ind be glad.

UHLOAOI

ACADIA Order

OLD SYDNEY SPRIHGHILL

A. Pickard i& e co.

HG con

W”.

55412,.

Witwatersrand University. 0 O 0

south the re

It seems that all over Africa and adjoining areas

, are cave in which ape men are I9

supposed to have lived approxim-

' aiely one million years ago. This

supposition. long held by anthropo-

. loglsts, was given some confirmat-

ion a few months ago when a jaw- bone showtng 13 teeth in A fairly good state of preservation was dis- covered lying around ins cave. (The whereabouts of the three missing teeth will have to be investigated by. another group of explorers later

' on) The age of the bone was estim-

ated to be about 1 million years

Just how scientists can tell the age of such relics is, of course, a mystery to the rest. of us; but our faith in science is so profound and so unshakcable that the mystery is no barrier to belief. If the experts were to say that that particular Jawbone was 1 million years old, less one day, it would be acepted as ocpel truth. To multitudes of this enerution science is the great Oracle, the Holy of I-Iollcs, and the Mercy Sent, all in one.

I O O

The million year old Jawbone did not. belong to 1 "true" human be- ing, the experts are careful to ex- plain, but to I. "pmtomun." The true man is supposed to have ap- peared on the scene in the .so-call- ed Stone Age. only a. mere 500 thousand years ago. In between were the critical years. The pi-otoinan might have retrograded: but, whether it was fortunate oi- unfortunate. he kept on going for- ward. At any rate, that is what the anthropologists say: and. not being in a position to dispute the figuru and the theories, all those who are not expert in that field say: Amen. It is a. curious fact, though no doubt the psychologists can explain it. that just. at the time when one group of scientists has given the human race the necessary meant: for quick self destruction, other scientists are hunting fevci-ishlyfor man's origin. The common lay view is that it. is I little foolish to talk about, or inquire into, the develop- ment of the race from extreme ci-udity to 2oi.h century culture, it, after a million years. progress must go right. up against the hydrogen bomb.

It is just possible. however, that there is 1 connection between the predicament of man in 1954 and the antics of his pre-historic for- bearc. If the scientists can find out exactly where homo sapiexis emerg- ed, they might. be able, by methods known only to themselves. to trace 3 picture of historic causes which led to certain historic effects.

There still are primitive tribes in both Asia and Africa but they dif- lEl”El'0U1 one itiot.hex-"iii inihy im- portant. ways. The plgmles of South West. Africa, for instance, while very backward culturally, are said to be far ahead of other tribes in- tellectually: indeed, one noted his- torian hu suggested that, should our present civilization come to an end, thus African plgmlcc could very well be the architects of I new and better one. It is interesting to note, though it probably is of no special significance, that it is in that general area. that. the explor- ers are now searching for evidence of prc-historic man.

on fact in connection with .1 this up lnilincu um on, which should be of general mmu, for we are Ill affected by it in one way or another. is that it was 1,, Asia that all the great religion; 0, history had their bcclnnlngg. Th, anthropologists and others of un inquicllivcncu will want. no gm out why that was so if. as is no... bclicvcd, Africa was the Starting point of man.

What were the causes of this up. parent inconsistency in the develop. ment of the race? And why did tn, race go ahead with leaps and bounds in far removed i- tom while in its natural domicile ti ha; been held up very noticeably? we may be sure that thuc questluiii and others like them are bel thought over by the explorers 3,; they go in and out of the cam where pro-historic nun began ,0 walk upright and to look up to the Sky above him in wonderment and

aczzezi”

LATE PLOWING

With the steel stylus of thc plow A man begins to ccribblc now.

All the old sentences are traced And soon the wall-rimmed field ll laced.

He write: his lines as if to mm The frosty 9.1: a newer speech,

But. soon his words will fade below The commentary of the snow,

-Daniel Smlthe in the New Yogi Times.

Old CHarlcHc1gwn

ahdP.l.1.j

EXCITEMENT AT CIAPAUD

"There has been considerable excitement of late in the vicinity of Crapaud. A bear was seen. first hear Stordy's Mills. then in ; field near the residence of Mr, Thomas Rogerson. Two little girls who were berry picking in mg field ran home crying, and stated that they had seen bruln. The next place he put in an appearance was a small grove near the Parson- age. some parties were berry picking, and observing something strange in the grove gave the alarm. The people turned out en masse, armed with pitchforks, pis- tols. guns and other weapons to capture poor bruin, but they did not succeed. and he is still at large. The matter has been seriously talked over. and the general opin- ion is, that it was not a bear, but a black cow."

--The Examiner. Aug. 5. 1382.

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The Royal Canadian Navy was 5- tablishcd in 1910.

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