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MI. I. Ihuubon II PI! C:-'1':-:1 .Prov"”tIr':o' I:

T?” I Fill In nun-.

III "Jesuit Ink.” ."'5' "Filled monovv is weaker ll." jffil waoivrzsmv. Jl'I.Y I1. 1557

A Good Start

f fwhatev" mil? be their political or unes in the future. the members of the Federal Cabinet. it is gratify. inn. to note. have started on inm- dut-ies in the right way by applying "”""' 9"9FtZi0S to the tasks at hand. It would be easy enough for most of them to skin off for a few w-er-1.-5' h0lldH.V. and le a v c administrative functions in the hands of their d9l7UilP5 and ()lllt't' NLli)fll'dlnalpg' Fortunately. they realize that. al- thouzh the first meeting or pm-pa. ment has been delayed several weeks iW.l”0nd the date otigitially planned, "19 Ilflliltlfl ll'ill NOT be a nqmnpnt 70” 10712 for preparation for the session and for the formulating of new policies.

It may be assumed that most of the mini.sters-- perhaps all of them-are men of ability in their private pursuits and businesses. But. as Labour Minister Starr was not above pointing out. in the mechanics of governmental administration they have little knowledge and. for the most part. no experience. The next ten or twelve weeks will be invalu- able for correcting these deficiencies. The fact. that most of the ministers are taking advantage of the interim by sticking closely to their desks, despite the humid weather and the lure of cooler and more pleasant places. ought to result in a more profitable Parliamentary session for all concerned.

It is reassuring. too, to hear that the ministers have declined invita- tions to make speethes in various parts of the country. No one has ever explained this particular social phenomenon, but it seems that once it man has been appointed to I cabinet post, he is popularly rc- garded as an authority on almost every subject under the sun. This is both foolish and unreasonable and, withal, a time-wasting incentive. It is enough that cabinet ministers ap- ply themselves diligently to the re- sponsibilities to which they have been appointed and for the discharge of which they are well paid. without being expected to hold forth gravely on matters which do not come within their competence.

A Happy Development

Perhaps the best development that came out of the International Scientific Conference at the "Think- ersl Retreat" in Pugwash was one which was only indirectly related to the discussions The discussiotts were. of course, valuable: the hizh intellectual calibre of the partici- pants would nia".f' illvm 90- Tim declarations issued at the end of the cnttfcrcncc were also xalllahlc anti incltly important. it is right that the widest possible pttblicitv should be given the pronouttcctncttts of Sllrll eminent men

it must be said, however. that there was nothing new or original about either the discussions or the dot-l;n-ntlons. What was said at Pug- u'- it has been said time and time Fl":tIll in a thousand other places. Tltcrn can scarcely be a living per-

son anywhere who does not know by now that "unrestricted nuclear war w-nuld' be a disaster of unpre- cedented magnitude". the principal finding of the conference.

tlnc suggests that the most im- portant and the happiest thing about the conference" was that scientists from both cold war camps were able to pool their intellectual resources and find agreement on the most oer-km problem confronting civiliza- tion. Political differences were not forgotten. It would be unrealistic to imagine that they could be. But they were not allowed to dominatt the proceedings. may were sub- ortlrn I commontsearch for a great danger. some Iped to create that

as

it may be that In course of tlmo this sense of urgency and this desire to make common cause will filter down from the high places of science and philosophy to the work-a-day places where political policies of the nations are devised and executed. It cannot come too soon. The torment- ing possibility is that it will come too late.

The Vaccine's Goocl Work

Scientists attending the Fourth International Poliomyelitis Confer- ence last week in Geneva were told that Salk vaccine has been proved safe and effective beyond doubt. In 1933, the -report said. the disease was found in only 79 vaccinated persons. Since then 100 million doses have been distributed in the United States with safety. Compli- cations have.been extremely rare.

Similar results were reported from other countries using the vas- cine. There is general agreement "Vii ill? danger in the prepznation is no greater than in vaccines which have been used for many years for other diseases. No vaccine is lot) per cent effective. This one is at least 73 per cent effective for those who have received only one or two doses. The effectiveness of the full course of three doses has not yet been scientifically determined. but the bclief is that it may be as high as 90 per cent. perhaps higher. Dr. Salk reported to the conference that investigation of persons reported having polio after vaccination show- ed that in some cases they had had some other virus disease which had been mistaken for polio.

Incidentally. the only areas re- porting high incidence of the disease 1 this year were in South America. l the Near and Middle East and some parts of Central Europe where large scale vaccination programs have not yet been undertaken.

Meanwhile. it is good to hear that Canada is among the countries which have come to the aid of lIun- gary where polio has been unusual- ly prevalent this year. 2.')t),0t)0 cubic centimeters of the vaccine have al- ready gone from this country.

EDITORIAL NOTES

"The milk of porpoises." says a scientific report, "contains 12 times ' as much butter fat as cow's milk." They are much harder to raise. though.

-1: xv 9

Indication that the tide is still with the Conservatives was seen in the election on Monday of the party candidate. Mr. Hales. in the Liberal stronghold of Wellington South.

is to :-

In the opinion of experts the Middle East will remain the world's main source of oil. The indications are that it will also remain a prin- cipal source of trouble, at least for many years to come.

i i &

We knew it would have to come soon. A Massachusetts man who saw a weather baloon high in the air reported that he had seen a "satel- lite which got off its course." It won't be long before satellites arr as plentiful as the flying saucers of a few years back.

i t 4:

Prime Minister Suhrwardy is re- ported to have told President Eisen- hower that whatever aid goes from the l'nitcd States to India should be topped by that which goes to Pakistan. it's a fine economic for- mula if he can get support for it- which is doubtful.

t 0 w

It isn't often that Maritime fish- ermen see their pictures in the movies. That was the case. however. with a number of fishermen and their families from North West Cove in Lunenburg county who recently went to Halifax to see the premiere of the British film "High Tide At Noon". Most of the scenes were taken at the little fishing village' last summer, and many of the resi- dents were used as "extras".

0 0 O

The Ontario Beef Cattle Produc- ers Association is in the process of taking the necessary steps to imple- ment I beef promotion plan. It is proposed to finance the plan by having buyers. on behalf of the pro- ducers. deduct ten cents per head of all cattle marketed for slaughter, Indflvecentsperheadintbt.-case of calves. The Association has been named that If tture k no wide- Qngd opputtlon to the plIn,,It will he Ipptond by the Ontario Govern- Imrlt without requiring a we of all

TIMELY ARRIVAL

Wlicu llcr .ll:ijt-stv Quecn l-Ili1.a- bclh ll opt-us (lauad.'.t's Parliament on October 14 what I wealth of history will rest behind the event. Behind not only the development of a coustuutimial monarchy. which this event will signalire. but behind what parliament itself has come to mean in our way of government!

Parliament was not always. Is so litany seem to think. an instru- tncut nt democratic Eovcrnment. was not always indccd represent- alnc. it was in its beginning In instrument of the monarch, large- ly under the nionarch's control and used by him mainly to defeat the fcutlal lords.

And even when the Kinl:'s ministers came to be responsible to Parliament as well as to the King, and later on far more to Parliament than to the King, de- stroying the monarchs right to govern by "orcler” or by special councils such as the Star Cham-

cratic hotly. It held its "power of the purse.” the right to grant or

her, parliament was not I demo- 3

'. ism. Parliament after

The Queen and Parliament

Ottawa Journal

refuse taxes, but its power was in no sense the power of the whole

P909 - SOCIAL IMPORTANCE

Actually Parliament represent- ed only those whose social Im- portnnce was high enough to glva them I right to be consulted vi- cariously because of the impos- sibility of consulting them individ- ually. The membe n of the Home of Commons represented, not the whole population. but the knights of the shire and the free burgesses of the corporate towns-in other words the substantial taxpayers below the level of feudal lords.

Their right to be consulted was not I democratic right. but I pro- perty right based on "their Illkl in the country." And even tho Reform Act of 1381, which Iwept away the "rotten boroughs" Ind widened the franchise. was In no sense I democratic measure. It only brought parliamentary repre- sentation into line with the chang- ed distribution of wealth resulting from the development of capital- lIl32 re-

Thcre are people l0d8.V Wh0 73' gard politics with sortie cynicism. They would have to be disillusion- ed indeed to match the statements made by some philosophers. hist- orians and writers of the earlier periods of democracy.

Two hundred and fifty years ago. fur example. the famous poet and writer. Alexander Pope. said of political parties: "Party is the rnatlness of the many for the gain of the low." A couple of centuries later, another famous writer. John Galsworthy. addcd: "Politicians are marvcls' of cncrlzy and prin- ciple when they are out of office, but when they get In they simply run behind the machine."

Henry Adams dealt with politics briefly. "Practical politics con- sists Ill ignoring facts." he record- ed in "The Education of Henry Adams. In "The Human Comedy. Adams's contemporary, James harvcy Rubinsun. suinzested: ”PnIitnal campaigns are desiKn- cdly made into emotional orgies which endeavor-to distract attent- ion from the real issues involve" --a sutlgtzcsttnn that has its supporters amonl commentators nn Can.-ttlian elections today. ll'RKF.'S VIEWS

Before his own entry in politics. Edmund Burke. in 1756, had firm

brtdlcd party spirit.

''It is of no consequence what the principles of any pIrty, or what their pretensions are: the spirit which actuate: Ill putter is the same: the spirit of Imbition. of self intcrrst. of oppression Ind treachery. This spirit entirely re- verses all the principles which I benevolent nature has erected within us: all honesty. all equal justice. and even the ties of nat- ural society. the natural affect- ions."

It would be interesting to know if the ghost of his remarkn ever returned to haunt Burke during his political career. If not. it would still be possible to quote Alexander Pope anion him:

"There was never Ily party, for-tioft. sec! or cabal wbaiaotver in which the moat Ignorant were oottbemodvtdcnt: flrlhtlll not lyfllilf Ilirnal an I Hock-

plhuautar-ind.

opinions on the dangers of um 1

Politics and The Cynics

"II. II." In The Winnipeg Free Press

Travels." wrote: "Outrageous party - writers are like I couple of makcbatr.-s, who InilIme small quarrels by I thousand stories." Another time. Swift uid: "Wheth- er those who Ire Iuderr of I party arrive at that station more by I sort of instinct. or influenct of the Itark. than by he possession of any grea abilities. may be I point of much dispute."

Later writer: refined their con- demnation. Johann Lavater I contemporary of Burko'I-wrote: "He knows very little of man- kind. who expects. by any fact: or reasoning. to convince I de- termined party - man.” lie wIs echoed by C. Slmmon: "Party- lpirit is a lying. vociferous. recir- less spirit. I :trInger to candor, willing to pervert truth, Ind to use undcrhand and dishonest means, so it. may gain the vic- tory."

Contemporaries of Burke'I. much better know than he. Ilso commented on party politics. PARTY SPIRIT

Wrote Samuel Johnson: "Of all kinds of credullty. the most on- stinate II thIt of party - Iplrit;

i of men who. belnir numbered. . they ; party. resign the use of their own

know not why. in Iny eyes and ears. and resolve to bo- lirc nothing that does not favor those whom they profeu to fol- low."

Said George Washington:

"Let me warn you in the most Iolemn manner against the bane- ful effects of the spirit of party generally."

Richard Whately Iddod to these eondemnati "Party Iplrlt on- lists I man's virtue: in the cause of his vices. He who would desire to hIvo Ill accurate description of party Ipirll need only go through Paul's description of charity. re- verling every point in the detail."

Lord Macaulay Is on hIItortII,

rnained essentially I Parliament of property - holders.

The point is this. Parliament came first and developed into an institution of government long be- fore It came to have anything up- proaching I democratic character. The democratic movement of the nineteenth century poured itself Into the parliamentary mould. be- cause parliament was there to re- celve it: I democratic franchise was Imposed on I preceding par- liamentary system.

PARLIAMENT TODAY

And this to a great extent is true of Parliament in Canada. Many people today speak and write of the Fathers of Confederation hav- ing created I iparliamentary democracy." What they created was the quite different thing of I constitutional monarchy: Ind as late as I0 years ago Mr. llsley was arguing in the House of Com- mons that as I minister it was to the Crown he was responsible. not to Parliament.

Mr. llsley. of course. had only I theoretically or technically cor- rect case: even John Stuart Mill be- gan Identifying parliamentarlanlsm both with representative govern- ment and with democracy--Ind It is with democracy that moat of us identify it now.

but Parliament nt.-vertht-less is linked with the Crown. and in fact I: well as in name carries on the Queen's business. But back of that state or condition is a long story- the fast-inatlmz tale of British genius developing freedom and government down through the long centurion.

The ume man going from the Wller - Iide. no noise is made about him, no creature taken notice of him, all let him pass with utter nelzlect. The picture of I minister when in come: into power, and when he goes out."

Sound advice to party workers was given by Joseph Addison. 50"! llelrlf 300 years Igo. And even be reserved his advice to the ladies on the committees.

"There In one consideration which I would carnertly recom- mend to all my female readers, and which. I hope, will have some weight with them. In short. it is this. that there is nothing so bad for the face as party real. I given In ill - natured cast to th) eye. Ind I disagreeable Iaurneu to the look: besides that it makes the ""9! 100 strong. Ind flushes them worse than brandy.

"I have seen I woman's face break out in heats. is Ibo had been talkinu against I great Lord. whom she had never seen In her life: Ind indeed I never knew I may - woman that kept her beauty for I twelvernonth. I would therefore Idvlu all my female renders. ll they value their com- Dlextons. to let Ilonc Ill dlrtpotu of this nIture: though. at the same time. I would give full liberty to Ill .u.-erannuated motherly par than to be Is violent II they Dlooae. since there will be In dInger either of their spoiling their faces, of of their uiniag converts."

gutnvi Icrroou

Zanzibar off the can rout of drfu.

Sun Specs Not Just For Fashion

noyouwurltllll-nun for

prot.IctioI.orrnereIybe- eouaoltlsluhloubletlfitufor zIglatternuoI.youInII!-IUD! Irnlstake.

Aayou can buyanairofgun dang. Stuns across the nation have their counters riled hllh withgiaueodvariedcolonand IAYIIIARIIIUI.

Iutbuylupmmlocuousl, and

' xlaaoesunay cause

nnrehannthanoood. tolyoupro-

than person: with eyes of darker sludu. Because the glare is apt to be especially Innoyinl Ind ll!- inztoyomaunglauesmay betn order. ' GLASSES DIFFEII

However. there are gun glasses and there are sun glasses.

select your pair very carefully. Cheaply ground glasses. or glas- au which In not ground It all. may damage the eyes.

Properly ground and fitted. how- ever. they can be very helpful by eliminating much of the sun's ir- ritating ultraviolet Ind infrn- red

rays. USE PRESCRIPTION

If you have weak eyes. you have got to be doubly careful. Have your sun glasses -made according to your prescription instead of buy- ing the clip-on type lenses.

When you use clip - on: over your regular spectacles. the ret- ina of your eye has to adapt it- self to two levels of brightness. GAZING AT THE SUN

While sun glasses are helpful in many instances. no commercially marketed sun glass. Is I rule. is sufficiently dense to permit you to gate directly It the sun without causing harm to your eyes. This becomes more and more evident with every eclipse of the sun and the numerous cases of retinal burns which follow.

A couple of other things to keep in mind:

In some cases. colored glass has Itill proved unseccessful.

The Journal of the American Kle- dlcal Association issued this warn- ing about colored glass recently:

"It causes difficulties for driv- or: ability to discriminate colors."

Of courre. sun glasses should never be worn in the dark. Col- ored lenses can reduce visibility to I dangerous degree at night. QUESTION AND ANSWER

S.J.P.: Does eating eggs cause hardening of the Irterlcs?

Answer: There is rut etidence that eatinz eggs causes hardening of the arteries.

The Age Old Story

We glory in Irlhulatlontt Iliur: knowing that tribulation worlteth patience.

OUR YESTERDAYS

From tho Guardian Filel

TWENTY-FIVE YEARS AGO (July I7. 1932)

The annual meeting of the (Ten- lrIl I-lIrmers' Institute was held yesterday in the Agricultural Hall. The President, Mr. J.E. Dingwell. presided. Among other resolution: was the approval of the establish- ment of I Federal Marketing Board. and the rer-slahltshmcnt of regular train service cast of Har- mony Junction.

The decision of I meeting til the Government. City Council. Cler- gy and representatives of various societies that I committee of three be appointed to formulate plans for unemployment relief was reported to the Unemployed Men's Associa-

tion It I meeting at the Strand Theatre lIst evening.

TEN YEARS AGO (July I7. I947)

Mr. J.F. Connolly. Deputy-Mlnh aler of Reconatruuion. has invit- ed the mayors Ind town clerks of the town: throughout the Provlnco to meet at the Legislative Cham- bers July 29 for the purpose of discussing the possibilities of co- ordinating the admnstrattve func- tions of their various towns.

The first gathering in six years of the Scottish Clans of P.l-Ll. was held yesterday Iflernoun It New Perth under the AuI-piciea of the Caledonlan Club. One of the lar- gest crowds In years was present to wltnesr the athletic contests and Highland dancing.

MAXIMS

The only complete catastrophe la the catastrophe from which we learn woman.

noon START About thno-quarter-I of tho Ichool children In Oslo. Norway, are provided with breakfaat If school. ,

TRAFFIC DIATIIS INCIIASE OTTAWA (CPl - TrIffIc accl- denta claimed :40 deathl In Can- IdI during MIy. In the car- of 1850 thert

period II deaths II III

3

-8t.'rhonIIu canal p lodanraani-Inbhaowolo rIghtuuoflaiItrn.PcrhIn this knowledgcwlllcollololllhlr torll!chut.ItI:llIut. D Iatkaihetiucl IIICIN1 oflile.'I'IIediII.lIuInwhIeh hlIIeIdItothofrustraIlIIIIoeIm- moutot.h1Iage.dpnIInro.- I” .senuIcI-star Alueherhnlulfalonunu-7 Ichooihuencouataroda problem. The model (IX

hqw they help in reaching upper fioors.-Port Arthur News-Chronb cle

Mn. Eleanor Roosevelt. who wanted to visit Rod China Ind write about it for newspaper. ha: been refused I visit by the State Department of the United States. It is I (overn- ment policy hard to understand. Mrs. Roosevelt is shrewd Ind wise. most unlikely to be taken into camp by Communist propa- ganda. and surely it ll deIir-Iblc that we should know more Ibouf what goes on behind the bamboo curtain!-Ottawa Journal

It II several years now line: the mayor of I city. the name of which escapes us for the mom- ent, instructed the municipal luff to sit tnr.I0 minutes in the morn- ing when they Irrlved for work and just think. He told them to take the telephone off the hook. lock the doors and indulge in put! thinking. The result of the mIyor'I injunction. as far as we know hII never been recorded. Nevertholul. the results of the neglecting to think. or of doing the thinking whlln doing something else are Ill too plain-and records of this Ira thick and fut Ibout uI.-Pot.cr- borough Examiner

TROMSOE. Norway (AP)-Up beyond the Arctic Circle when Soviet Russia and Nonvay moot. Laplandera are Iwoltorlng II Ill- zling summer heat. At the fishing village of Alta, the mercury mounted to I) degrees. tho high- est reading in Norway Monday. The temperature was reported to have hit 100 every day for I week in vorkuta. I Rmdu mining town.

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