.. lzw .1, ,.....-...

giauissiiu ;.:u-A...--on-um.

Cllcvtsflolt" l ' . Edward Island like the dew” i "The strongest memo y in wbokcr than ,,,A, the weakest ink". '

Tcnsuo-r-rsmws. runsnsv. ruin. nu

'tCovcrA Pr-loos

l

lie Freight Rate Formula"

In turning down the application of the ,5" C.P.l-'t. to have a railway assets rate base 1 .used to determine the adequacy of freight irates, the Board of Transport Commis- l"'sloners observed, amongst other things, that the economic impact of freight rates "is such that they should not be made the

,. l . product of any automatic formula." i ' The Commissioners also had some ser- ; ldus comments to make on the railways g ' ”pricing themselves out of the market by the

I ll five 98 per cent on the half of railway traf- - i fic to which they apply. l Looking at declining rail traffic the ' Board commented: ”Thus the law of dimin- ishing returns.is now, in the inexorable economic sense, beginning to assert itself. .' We are convinced therefore that, unless the ( several underlying conditions (e.g. rising :. ' costs) adversely affecting the railway in- dustry in general change markedly for the better, means other than general rate in- creases imposed on. the basis of the past will have to- be found in the future if the railways in Canada are to be maintained in a healthy operating condition." This is' precisely what the Provinces affected by the post-war rate increases have maintained all along. It was obscured to the railways and to the Board by the fact that the practice of applying com- petitive rates in the central provinces left the burden to be borne by more outlying areas which could not readily turn to -alternative means of transport. With each increase, however, additional competition has become more practical until today there is comparatively little rail traffic that could not conceivably be carried by other means. This is not to say that the country is no longer being hurt by rate increases. The . level at which it is practical to truck goods across the country for instance, is obvious- , . ly too high for Maritime producers to com- ., pete effectively in the central markets. The '”;trtiffic may change from one means of transport to another -but the producerls - -returns are necessarily much lower than ,those of his opposite number in Ontario or .,Quebec. , H, ' The answer must be found, as indicated , the Commission, in more economical op- eration and expansion of business rather .' than in further general rate increases which . .would have the opposite effect.

W

iieport on Alcoholism

The five highest alcoholism rates are on flrecord in the U. S. and Europe. Canada Wis "sixth on the list, with 1,804 alcoholics "out of every 100,000 drinkers.

These statistics are part of a 29-page report issued by the Alcoholism Research Foundation of Ontario, A provincially- supported organization for the study and treatment of the illness. The report, which

e --is reviewed in the Financial Post, is the '. summation of one of two comprehensive studies, among the first applying purely - --Canadian data in such matters as addiction and usage of alcohol.

1

offers no comment,'but for many Cana- dians thc report will explode some well- worn beliefs. For example: Percentage- wise more Canadians than Americans say they take a drink (7095. here, 5995- in the U.S.). More Canadian women, percentage- wise, drink (645? here, 4674 in the U.S.). There is no known connection between the amount of alcohol consumed in a country and its incidence of alcoholism. (Swedes "'drlnk 1.1 gallons of alcohol a year each, have,2,580 alcoholics per 100,000: French- men drink 2.95 gallons each, almost'thrce '. tiines as much, have 2,850 alcoholics per -,;0.0,000: Canadians drink 1.48.gailons, have 1,804 alcoholics.) British Columbia (with per 100,000) has Canadafs highest ;a"&ohoiisin rate: Qiebec is second with 1,- 0 318. Newfoundland, with 501, is the prov- troubied by the illness. in more is loomed About the drinking .igpf,canadio.nA . . . it becomes Increas- i Gamma: that the paturn here in i iy Canadian and not merely the re- of jw t is done In the U. s. or else-

series of freight rate increases which since, I the end of the war have reached a cumula-f

The Foundation reaches no conclusions,

gift Ins:finmin;-n-i.u- nip-mam

K

, . ' dim; (596), but both countries drink fer

than Britain. (-194:). Spirits consti- of Aniericannrinklns. 3196 ofl Cariadiangdrinking. but only 1196 of Brit-: Ainls consumption of alcohol. g i

Back. in pioneer days, 1871-80, a-i r-disnc--were A spirits-drinking popula on. 'lfhelrrdi'lnkirig broke down this way: spirits 7896, beer 1996, wine 3h. By 1921-30. the picture had changed radically: Spirits 3496. her 5896; wine 8w. Today's proportlon- spirits 31.96. been-.639t-, wine 876-shows that bcer's increase has bitten into con- sumption of both hard liquor and wines. "'I'he'period 1946-50 shows the greatest in- crease-in the consumption of All bever- hges," the report says. "The figures for 1951,and 1952, on the other hand, may in- dlcate A leveling of ."

The motivation behind the changes, trends and levels of Canadian drinking, the report leaves to the reader's own judg- ment. Prohibition, provincial laws, boom, depression, wars hot and cold all have left their marks somewhere in the pattern. "A vast complex of factors has been at work forming and reforming the picture re- vealed in this report," says the Foundation. For all concerned in improving the situation from A temperance standpoint, the figures given would repay careful study and analy- sis.

-The Late Mr. Llnliloher

During the many years in which he sat in the Legislature the late Mr. Thomas M. Linkletter set A fine example of con-

47. n-.m.'u -...'-, 'AVl&-S . 4. .

V in in

hin

it

iilililx -

. -

Oiwabhvi -

scientious attention to duty. Never a strong partisan, he was yet A staunch supporter of the Liberal party, and a recognized authority on questions relating to the fish- eries industry,iin which he had been en- gaged for many years. Mr. Linkletter did not take up much of the time of the House in speech-making. but what he said was al- ways of interest and value. He was, more- over, a gentleman of the old school-couiu teous, fair, and with a keen sense of humor as well as a fine spirit of integrity and in- dependence. He was always ready to give of his time and means to worthy causes, and to champion their interests where necessary. His popularity in the House was a reflection of the high esteem in which he wasgheld in his own community in Prince County, where his name was a household word foriprobity and good citizenship. He lived to I. ripe old age, leaving many friends who will cherish his memory, and a large family whose members are among our finest. representative citizens, at home and Abroad.

EDITORIAL NOTES

Members of Parliament will in future be docked 560 a day for absence exceeding 15 days rather than the 5837.50 which was formerly deducted. At that rate attend- ance should be at A new high.

0 I 0

It is surprising to find a reference to a Charlottetown in Canada which is not the capital of Prince Edward Island. A recent Canadian Press despatch refers to .1 little settlement of that name in southern Labrador. '

The announcement by External Affairs Minister Pearson will be welcomed that Canada will double her contribution to- wards United Nations technical assistance to undeveloped countries.- While assisting. the Far East, however, it is to be hoped that Ottawa will not forget the ”very near East," the Atlantic Provinces, which are capable of very considerable technical de- velopment.

There will be many who will ieam with 'regret of the passing of Miss Agnes Ram- say. Summerside. A school teacher, she had a distinguished career over a period of 50 years. Former students, and they are leg- ion, will cherish her memory and recall with appreciation and pridelthe association of school days. Miss Ramsay lent her tal- ents tojotherllines of endeavour and was in the forefront in all cultural improvements in the community.

The proposed visit of the 10th Earl of Elgin is particularly welcome to Islanders and Canadians generally. The 9th earl was born in Montreal, his father having been Governor General of Canada from 1846 untll1854. During that time he ener- getically carried out the policies recom- mended by his fiither-ln-law Lord Durham: lending to responsible government in All the Province: and, eventually to Confederation.

.George Macaulay Treve,iyan,' English historian, -was ,born this this 1876. Alta!" Qllliniuished war service in. Italy ln;jconi- round of on ImIl1iIlicd3IlnIf'hG was Appoint- J U of modern hlotorygnt Gam- late: of '1'l'iiiiiy

mate the welfare of children and youth in the home. community. To serve these inter-

locsl school, when they may hsve A guest speaker, see A film, hold ll panel discussion on some phase the teachers may --vnoclern toechina

in: or Arithmetic. , , and School Associ tlon is in

appreciate this interest And co-op- nation.

Home and School. Associations which are organized

Province. Our Provincial Execu-

which we hope will provide help-'

Through our monthly news letter

PUBLIC FORUM

This column is open to the discussion by correspondent: of questions of interest. The GuArdiAn dose not nsceulr lly endorse the opinion of correspondents.

..... A

ROLE AND SCHOOL PROGRAM

Sir.-In All our work as Home and School members we try to k(t"p in mind that our first and iundamcnlzil objective is to pro- school And ests we, as A Home and School, are organized on a local, pro- vincial and national basis.

Most local Home and School As- sociations meet monthly ln the

of education or per aps have Class projects on exhibit

meeting some of t

D-vsilioll to make constructive sug- ','('::'li0llS to and to -o-operate with the local Schools oard for any needed improvcmnts in the school. School Bo rds generally

As A Provincial Federation of we seek to serve the 24.Home and School

in the various centers of this tive meets monthly and we keep in touch with the local Associa- tlcns through A monthly news let- ter. Recently we havr added in sheet of programme suggestions.

ful suggestions meetings of

for the monthly the Associations.

our Aim is to keep the associations posted proviucialiy as well as na- tionally on educational matters. The. Provincial Home and School organization Acts As A chanel be- tween the locsl Associations and National Federation of Home and School.

On the national level, Home and School helps produce discussion leaflets, programme kits, film and radio programmes. etc. The na- tional office has A wealth of ma- terlal which is nvallable for locali Home and School Associations through the Provincial Federation. Within the past you National has supplied us here in P. E. l. with two distinguished rucst speakers in this persons of Mr. G. F. Bruce. National President of Home and School and Dr. S. R. Laycock. out- standing Canadian educator. These speakers Addressed nublic meet- ings At Prince of Wales College Auditorium and aroused consid- ernblc interest in education.

In closing I would repeat how pleased Home and School people Are with this i. ickened Interest in education As shown by the many letters now Appearing in the Public Forum. This recent con- cern for education on the pert or the public has encouraged me to write there -letters setting forth some Aspects of our Home Anti School programme. If there are interested parents and teachers in this Province, who would like to organize A iociil Home And School Allociiitlovi within their commu- nity. kindly write to the under- signed and we shAli do our best to supply the desired informa-

tion. ' i I Am. llr. etc.. - HELEN MAcDONAl.D. rmiooni. r. s. 1. roamiion Home And school.

mm tireless bnlvbodles, the scientists. have discovered thAt by giving silk worms aureomycin And chlormycetin, with A dash of amino acid, theyrcsn raise silk production eight to fourteen per cent. Presently, therefore, we will hear of A silk surplus, And the crying need for price support; on silk, plus -import quotas to keep out foreign silk. This will be fol- lowed by A demand for higher ter- ills. Sometimes you can't. help feeling that it would be nice if the scientists took A long vacation till things settle down.-Philcdeb phi: Bulletin.

During the ten-you period be- tween 1941 And 1951, CAnadA's population increased 18.6 per cent. But -in the same period, the num- her of Canadians under ten year: of Age increased forty-four per cent: And the number over sixty years of Age incrensed 32.7 per ccnt, even larger

hus, the nor censtxl-ion l the very young and the fairly old con- stituting A much higher propor- tion of our general population than they had ten years before. The high birth rate (close to India and Japan) and low mor- tality rate which Canada is now enjoying suggest that this increase is going to continue.-Toronto G.obe And Mail.

An Australian expedition this month nlled to the Antarctic, with the Aim of establishing A per- manent bsse on the frozen main- land. some 4,000 miles southwest of Melbourne And 1.500 miles from the South Pole. The expedition is equipped ato Aesrch for miner-

7oea'6-22144

AN IWEB

The wu-mtth of life is quenched with as C '

Upon she lonely road A child linips y .

skirting the frozen pools: our way

is lost; our hearts sink utterly.

But. from the snow-peichcd moor- land chill And dreAr.

Lifting our eyes beyond the mired he ht. ”

with white-fire lips A part. the dAwn im-Athcs clear its soundim hymn of light.

Out of the not i.he' voice of one . re on

whose words are clouds and lien And nllht And dAy,

When for the light. the Anguilhcd spirit ories

Deep in its house of clay.

zlNot.es By The .Wa)(t

with An ln- V glelsgamonx thoAe'over slxt. -five.

Ale, including uranium and coal. Some explorers hAve reported the Antarctic mAy.be rich in oil and other minerals. but no large Amount of Anything me yet been found. The exception is coal, but that which was uncovered is AAld to be of inferior quality. The Antarctic seals are Aald to have poor pelts and no use has been made of the fur of penguins. Among, the birds found on land is the AlbAtross. A beautiful, strong bird made famous by Coleridge's poem. "The Ancient Mariner." -- Toronto Ar.

thndhlsl.)

From The-Examiner, Oct. 8, 1889:

Unlicensed liquor saloon: are alien Jfblind .p,igsf', in Minnesota In Charlottetown they are cAllsd Scott Act houses.

During the fire yesterday morn- Ing (At. the Osborne House Ata- bieI) some of the ladies boarding in the neighborhood, After care- fully packing their trunks, remain-

cd behind to arrange their bangs, I

spending as much time before the mirror As though they were get- ting ready for church or A shop- ping expedition.

We Are pleased to see that the promoters of the new Exhibition Grounds And Driving Park Are receiving warm mwuragement. Over S9000 have already been taken, and uppllcaiions for the b ' are constant. We Approve of -the determination of the man- agement to Allot the stock gener- ally, and not to permit. it to taken by A few persons. I

Orwell. Eldon. Brush Wharf and Vernon River are now connected with the Telephone Exchange.

St. Paul's Church on Thursday morning Wll the scene of u very lnteroitlnl event; we refer to the rnlrrisge of John A. Long- worth and Louise Caroline Palm- er, son and daughter of the late Hon. John Longworth and Char- les Palmer, Esq., Q.C., respective- ly. The ceremony was perform- ed by the rector. Rev. 3, Weston- Jonel, Assisted: by Rev. W. A. Frost. The bridesmaids wsrc Miss .EIilOi PAlmer And Mlu Isabel lxingworth: the uoomsmen were Mr. B. F; Longworth And Mr. William Palmer. Prof. Logan pre- sided at the-organ. After the care- mony Mr. and Mrs. Longworth left i-c A wedding trip to the United Stnttl. -

At the regular meeting of the City Council tint night Mayor

Havilsn

' t .enldcntA of Gould street complsliilng thst they had no wt ten-for the put fortnight but that they had to carry from spring Park, And Adding that they were

-ONIIO Rllhell.

badly off for Ildewalkl And lights.

A-nun Ans moss;

in until) 00 condo

uiifi-sign-a pa

V g once mu ooinmmo. owing -AA lcuscholl taro iniiu ” Ihollll be

iA-preteogioA.'iuaingsAp-

'bc divided. It will become All one

be A. Woltlien Gcudel.

d read "A letter from the l

i

.1 Am writing this article on the birthday Anniversary of Abrshzni

i am stat-onion. humanitarian. lllddllblllyr. Yes. And A of dreams. '3) the stud- ent of history the not nut. those dreams Au still in A condition of partial mflllment is not A cause for despair for. after All only 39 yenro hsvc passed since Lincoln died; And great dreams have A habit of taking plenty of time to work themselves into popular ac- ceptance. ,

Because Lincoln had such A passion for freedom. And because the Amcrlcnn Civil War took place during his presidency and resulted. thcontiully At lent. in the des- truction of the institution of Alsveyr, it is often uluxned that the Abou-

drcsm. This excerpt from one of his pout.icAl speeches is used to bolster that Auumption;

"A house divided AaAl.nAt itself cannot shAnd;I believe this govern- ment cA.nnoi: endure perniAncutLv half slave And half free. I do not. expect the Union to be dissol- ved, I do not expect. the house to hit, but. I do expect it will ceese to

thing or All the othen Ether the opponents of slavery will Arrest the further spread of it, And place it where the public mind dull rest in the belief t.hAt it is in course of ultlzmtc extinction. or its Ad- voontu will put it forward till it shall become Alike lawful in All the States, old As well As new. North A: well As south.” ! I C

It is A beeutlfui piece of prose: no one now would question its sincerity. Although at the time there were many who did question it. It was. however. the speech of A man who was seeking senatorial nomination And who not yet had become Aware of All the causes of interstate unrest And friction. me! come letter when executive power And 'rcopornsl.bi.llty were thrust. upon him. He then saw that the issue of slavery was but one of the symptoms of A disunity which threatened, to write finis to the bold Anicricsn cwpcrlmcnt.

Perhaps the most compelllni: symptom ms the fact that the majority of the "gentleman mer- chants" Atlll clung with more or Ian tenacity to spre-revolutionary ideas and traditions. Many of their present-dA,v succcsso A. AA A mat.- ter of fact, take ' " Attitudes, though there is little or no poli- tical significance Attached to what has been called. perhaps unjustly. A "colonial" state of mind.

I

As President. Lincoln refused for A long time. in iihe face of much urging on the part of his advisers, to declare the existence of slavery A political issue. In ne- oiy to 0. letter from Horace Gree- ley. the influential newsosoi-r mun who had urr ,A strong Antl- slsvery pi-oc tioii, he wrote: "My paramount object is to save the Union and not either to saw

J phi” pd. i I,

L The Passing Scene-.. I . I i .. H

in. magma ocean.

tlon of slavery was Lincoln's great lo

i'-"- ' e.'.c'.n..:

u 2

'3" "M35" Without freeing IiiVt!.tJ;yivould do -it; it 3:" I ” Insane an .

would do it;- it 1'. ,,,,,,,?,f edghde--bi freeing some lnd'Lg.yLn' may Algae. I would do our-. "

vcn After thc- ' he And to s" delcrAtrlonI:M!'zbi,”,,'in not decided for or Intngz ,, N," clamation of liberty to the sin.” but hold the matter under mm? nient". IQ been, gugfened NI; those were the words of A politi- cal opportimiat who was Willing to Ace which political wind wow prevallz. the Judgement. or 3,5,. historians is that, they were Eh. words of A man who but on. ovcrwtielmlng hope, to wmch In other considerations were subsidi- ary.-thc preservation of the u... n

only when he realized that tho Southern Btstes which had 5;. ceded would never return wm. lngly-Abolition or no Aboutim, - did Lincoln consent to mum th, - oclunatlon: "Neither Alnverylim invohintary servitude, except ,., I Punishment for crime, whom; the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within thii United states or Any plAce sub. lect to their jurisdiction". The in. stitution of slavery was bound to :0 sooner or later; but, it probably is Accurate to say that it would not have gone as A result of in. Civil War if other factors lmi not contributed to the Olbfungg. merit between North And South, I O I