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THE E UCA TIONAL HORIZON

PRESENTING NEWS AND VIEWS OF INTEREST T0 TEACHERS AND ALL OTHERS SEEKING

RIVERS

Rhine rise: in Switzerland form: boundary between Switzerland and Austria, betiveen Switzerland and Germany, Germany and Franco passes through Holland into tne

North Sea. Cologne is situated on the Rhine.

Rhone rises in Switzerland flows into and through Lake

Genera enters France and flows west to Lyons than south into the Mediterranean Sea. Potomac rises in Aileghaziy‘ Mis forms boundary between blaigvlziiid on N. and W. Virginia and Virginia on south flows into Chesapeake Bay, Wash- ington is situated on the Potomac.

i\’ILll‘l'li_\'. ‘lhe largest river in AUSilZlilJ l'l.<€S in the Australian Alps iornis boundary between Vi - and New South Wales,

ilo iito Encounter Bay. Albury is .. uated on the hiurray. Ganges rises in the Himalaya

Mountains, it is the greatest and MOS!

sacred river of India, flows

Adirondack Mts. falls into tic at New York. . in England: rises in Der- by. c, flows into the Irish sea, cliiei port in Liverpool.

Cl‘ ' in Scotland rises in Lan- re, iloivs into the Firth of Glasgow situated on the

' e. France, rises in Cote d‘Or Mi enters the English Channel at Karve. Paris is also situated on this river.

It is a poison as is shown by the ciiet-ts oii one who uses it for the first time. The stomach tries to throw oil the poison; the brain bccoiircs initaiiied: the head aches and the person becomes giddy and deathly pale. By repeated trial, iii.‘ nerves, thc iiiithiui guardrails

o1 the bony, becomes so beiiunibed that they do not protest against llie

habit. The person thinks he red a victory over the to- cn he is merely the vic-

nts of Tobacco smoke: c a powcriiil poison. 2 ’ produces headaches

3 Carbonic oxide,

sleepiness.

and produces a tremulous movement iii’ thc muscles and so of the heart. 4

Ammonia-Bites the tongue and

- situated on its banks. TOBACCO

~44 SA TURDA

Y FEA TURE~

IMPROVEMENT IN EDUCATION

$___

Shannon River in Ireland rlus in Co. Gavan, flow: into the At- lantic Ocean. Limerick is situat- ed on the Shannon.

Volga river in Russia longgst in Europe 2.400 miles: rises the Valdai hills: flows into the Cas-

a. Aatrakhan situated on the Volga.

Tiber in Italy: rim in the Apen- nlnes; flows into Tyrrhenian Bea. Rome situated on this river. in French Guinea, through French Sudan, through N eria. and erizers the Gulf of G ea. Town on Niger is ‘rimbuktu.

Delaware River in USA. rises in Catskill Mts. and flows into Delaware Bay. Chief town on its banks is Philadelphia.

Fraser in B.C. rises in Mt. Brown, Rocky Mts, enters strait of Geor- Eia at Vancouver.

Danube rises in Black Porut in Germany, flows through Germany, Austria; between Czechoslovakia and Hungry; throu h Hungary, Yugoslavia: between umanig and Bulgaria, and through Rumania into the Black Sea. Chief towns on its_ banks are Vienna, Budapest and Belgrade.

Irrawaddy great river in Burma; rises in the north of the province: flows into the Bay of Bengal, Towns on its banks Rangoon and Mandalay.

Vistula rises in the Carpathian Mts., flows through Poland, emp p ties into the Baltic Sea. Cracow

the salivary glands. '

Reasons for avoiding tobacco.

(a). It is not a food as it does not contain one ingredient which could go to nourish the body. ib) It creates a habit. (c) It is an in» Jury to_the user, at first interierrltii: with tne functions oi the organs and then producing derangement of them. (d) It is a bad example to boys. It stunts his growth, it weakens his memory. and he is not. so good a student. It weakens his heart, and other muscles of the body. and he does not become so strong a man. It dcadens his nerves and injures him iar a skilled workman. (e) It is unclean. ig» Ii. is a great waste of money. Money is wasted on tobacco which should be used for other purposes.

excites tire mucous membrane, and

CURRENT EVENTS

The Japanese base of Attu has been conquered by American forces after 20 days of bitter fi ht- ing over snow-bound and 0g- bouiid crags and valleys. The ls- land is thc first American soil to be regained by U.S. forces in this war after seizure by the enemy.

Goose airport in Labrador is one of the biggest airports in the world.

Two Canadian corvettes the Wey- burn and the Louisburg have been sunk in Mediterranean waters.

A Japanese submarine sent a few shells at tho wireless station, telegraph office, and Indian Vil- lage at Estevan Point.

Moliammco All Jinnah is leader of the Moslcms in India.

The most devastating of all air raids were made May 16 when Lancasters of the RAF. dropped mines on the Eder and Mohne dams, two of the biggest dams in Germany. Floods resulted which will hamper German war industry for months. The British lost eight of their big bombers with crews. The dams were in densely populated industrial districts, where pumping stations and elec- trical installations were swept away or damaged. The Eder dam controlled the water level of the Weser-Danube canal which carries much ivnr freight.

Amateur gardeners are urged to plant "Vlttflfy gardens" this year to meet their own needs, and there-

LITERATURE

TIIE MAN WHO CLIMBED

l. Why was Forrester anxious to nee the picture? Answer. Because he was the first known man to have climbed the mountain and it “:58 named after him.

2. Why was he anxious that his friends should not know he had gone to scc it? Answer. To avoid praise and questioning he had of- ten declared that he irris no longer fntereslcrl in mountains.

3. What was the difference in the living conditions of thc two mountain climbers’? Answer. For- rester was prosperous. the old man was almost poverty stricken and out of irork.

4. Describe the way in which the achicyW-mcnt of climbing the moun- tain cifcc-‘ccl each’? Answer. For- rcstcr iclt. that he had conquered

something and fclt the sublimity

EPILOGUE TO ASOLANDO

Browning puts this poem at the end of his last book of verses. It is his last word to his readers. In the first stanza he asks his read- crs if, when they come to dream of him rowake or asleep) will the think of him imprisoned in deat and if they will pity him. He is the one meant by “who once so loved you, whom you so loved." He calls those who think that death holds those who have gone. fools

In thc second stanza he laments that those he lovcrl iind who lov- ed him. were unable to understand him, saving that he had nothing to do with the lazy, useless. and un- manly and that he did not drivel like an aimless poet who writes for money. Browning was at first a poet of the common people, but was so liked by the rich that for a time people thought he wrote only

to make money and some of his

IMPORTANT FIGURES OF THE WORLD TODAY

King of Great Britain is George the Sixth.

Prime Minister is Rt. Hon. Win- lton Churchill.

Lord President of the Council il Rt. I-Ion. Sir John Anderson.

Sccretar to the Dominionl il Rt. i-Ion. . R. Attlee.

Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs is Rt. Hon. Anthony Eden

Minister of Supply Rt. Hon. Lord Beaverbrook.

Chancellor of the Exchequer is Rt. l-Ion. Sir Kin sley Wood.

Minister of Lager and National

b relieve the critical situation.

. M. B. Davis, from the Central Experimental Farm at Ottawa, named potatoes, carrots, cabbage, tomatoes, onions, beans, green peas and sweet corn as the vege- tables whlch will probably be dif- ficult to rocure.

A blac market: Any market where illegally high prices are charged and where rationing rules are ignored.

Mohandas Gandhi began his 2i dav fast on Feb. i0, during which he would take only fruit Juice and water. He announced his fast from the palace of the Aga Khan in Poona where he is interned- Ghandi has been held since the Nationalist disorders following the rejection of a home rule proposal brought to India by Sir Stafford Crippa last year. Reasons for fasting: I, Mr. Gandhi hoped by this means to receive his uncon- ditlonal release. 2. Gandhi was aware that the fast was his most effective and most dramatic means of regaining the prominence and pubilicity which his movement re-

quires.

The bombing objectives of the continent by the Allies are four- fold: 1, Destruction of war ma- tericl before it can be shipped to the front. 2, Destruction of war production factories. 3, Increasing the strain on the enemy's man power. 4, Cracking civilian morale.

of his achievement in overcoming one of the greatest of natur s obstacles. The Old Man felt proud that he had been able to scale the mountain, but did not realize that he had overcome a great dif- ficultv.

5. Do you think that these dif- ferences of effect help us to un- derstand why one was successful in life while the other was a failure? Answer. The way in which each regarded the achievement gives a hint as to why each found himself in his present financial circumstances. Forrester knew he had the ability to overcome great obstacles and had great confidence in himself. The old man who had been able to overcome them easier than Forrester did not realize that he had this ability so that when the difficulties of life faced him

he made no real effort to over-_,

come them.

critics blamed him for this.

In the third stanza he recalls his own vigorous and determined life which was always one of hope and belief. that all things work for

good.

Note the philosophy‘.

"Never dreamed, t e right were

worsted, wrong would triumph,” Held, we fall to rise, are baffled to fight better"

The last stanza asks us to work hard to greet-the unknown future with a cheer, bid him come on, that we may fight him. putting all the strength of our bodies into the fight. It also asks us to carry on our work and struggle right up to death, for in death we will be the same as in life. l-Ie asks his read- ers to cheer him on when he ls dead for lie will be working just the some when dead as he was when alive.

Service in Rt. Hon. Ernest Bevin. First Imd oi the Admiralty Rt Hon. A. V. Alexander. Colonial Secretary Rt. Hon. Col Oliver Stanley. President o the Board of Trade Rt. Hon. Sir Andrew Rae Duncan. Minister of Aircraft Production Rt. Hon. Sir Stafford Crippa. British Ambassador to the Unit- ed States is Viscount Halifax. British Minister w Washington is Sir Gerald Campbell. British b

Commissioner in Can ll In. Malcolm Mac-

‘tistnnce of the Indians under their

GLOSSARY OF CURRENT WORDS IN THE NEWS

Alien, a foreigner: one born in 01‘ b81<m8lll8 t0 another country.

Blitzkrelg (German): A “lightn- lng" war.

Buffer State: It is one that by separating two larger nations may

serve to prevent friction between them.

Collaboration: United labour, working together.

Communique (French): An of- ficial announcement.

Contraband: Prohlblted by law

or treaty.

Convoy: To escort as a guard against enemies; (noun) a protect- ing force accompanying ships or property on their way from place to place, either by sea or land.

Entente (French): A friendly un- derstanding between nations re- garding their foreign policy.

Espionage: Spying.

Fi Column: Spies, provoca- teurs, saboteurs, and traitors work- ing behind the lines tn aid the enemy and ready to give him suc- cour and guidance when he comes.

Gestapo (German): The Ger- man secret police.

Inflation: The reduced value of money, resulting from various fac- tors.

Internment: The detention of the subjects or property of an en- emy or a neutral.

Belligereiits: Intern enemy mer- chant shins: neutrals intern belli- gerent ships which remain in their ports. Neutrals also intern belli- gerent troops entering their terri- tory.

Isnlationism: A hody of public opinion (“-111 llfllllll non interior ence in F‘ ~. ..

Jerry: Bri . ._ .ne for Ger- man fighter or his plane.

THE CRIMEAN

In 1853 war broke out between thc Sultan and thc Czar. ivhu, being ticnied the right 01' protecting the Christian subjects oi Turkey, in- varied Wallacliia. a tributary state. Fearing for India. the British did not wish to sea we Russians at Consizzntin lie liii Joined Turkey in 185-‘... 1. also opposed thc Cillll‘. The .1 met at Verna in Turkey and from there crossed thc Block Sea to the Crime."- where stood the powerful fort of Sebas- topcl. The Russians awaited them above the high banks of the River Alma but WEYE! defeated. The ercat fortress which strengthened by earthworks was

Causes (a) Right of Search: Dur- ing the struggle with Napoleon in Europe, the British Navy search- ed neutral vessels for its run- away sailors and took British sub- jects and even American citizens for service in the British Navy. Many oi these victims were taken from American ships and as a re- sult the United States Government declared war on Great Britain.

ib) Orders-in Council. (c) Am- erican desire to have Canada. Early in Julv, 1812, an American force of 2,000 men under General Hull crossed from Detroit to Sandwich. General Isaac Brock. with the as-

twat chicf Tecumseh. marched to meet the invaders. Hull was forc _ ed to surrender Detroit by a force

CAUSES OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION 1775-1783

1. The Quebec Act, 1774. The American colonists disapproved of the enlargement of the boundaries of Quebec.

2. With the conquest of Canada, i763, the dangers of war and raids from New France were over. The colonists no longer required pro- tection.

3. The American colonists were much benefited by the Seven Year's War and the Conquest of Canada. The British Government said they should bear part of thc cost and taxed them in various

EDUCATIONAL HORIZON

As the school year is ver ncsr its close, and as many pup ls will be writing the matriculation ex- nminaticns next week, this will be the last issue for the school year ending June 30th.

Our main thought throughout the term has been to give the teachers and pupils as much help and service as possible. We have endeavored to provide a reasonable amount of professional material which has dealt with many of the problems facing our teaching body. and having a direct bearing upon the people of this province. We realize mat the scope has been limited and that it has failed to cover the work of iill grades. We sire grateful to thc publishers. con- tributors. correspondents and all others who helped and encouraged

Model School Closing Yesterday

The closing exercises were held in the Model School yesterday with Prof. JJ-l. Blanchard praiding. ‘rho following program was excellently given:

Opening chorus. O Canada.

Senior Chorus Group of Songs. Try, Try Again, The British Gren- adlers. The Maple Leaf Forever.

Drill, Grades I and II: “Little Helpers.“

Recitation, Gracie V Boys: "Old England."

Junior Chorus: "Holidays."

Dramatizatlon: Lord Ullln’: Daughter.

Drill, Grade II: "Flag Day."

Senior Chorus, 3 Songs: Drive

the Nail, My Own Canadian Home, Alouette. Presentation of Certificates. Dialogue: The Victory Garden

Pla God Save The King. CERTIFICATES

(Alphabetical Order) Grade VII: Keir G-uindon. Grade VI: Orrin Carver.

Grade V: Bobby Bryenton, Win- nifred Hill, Gordon MacIean. Al- bert Weatherbie.

Grade IV: Ronald Atkinson, Wil- mer Blanchard. Barry Beers, Earl Jewell.

was icll and This war ended in i856.

THE WAR OF 1812-1814

Krup : Fae itself un made B: big wargament wgke‘ at Essen, Ge '

rmany. Lockout: The closing of a place of work against the workmen by the masters to bring the men to their terms. Luftwaffe (German) : Luit means aerial or air and Wafie, weapon or arm, hence German for

air force.

Malconte ‘: A ‘ onterited per- son; a discontented subject of a government.

Non-Agression Pact: An agree-

Tlll YEOMIN OI‘ Till GUARD

C! all the Gilbert and Bulllvln t Opera, that with the above win first favorite with me. It ha: to a lesser ‘agree the witty d18- logue of the Mikado. which, to my mind, smack: of a refined mulle- iiall, but it bu. I think. more hu- mor - a very different uiinl- Th! music approaches the claulc, and demands more from the orchestra. than the mt of the seriu. The costumes of the actors are derived from a most Actureeqiie period o British history, and the scenery is laid in the Tower of London. All these things had an attraction that wok the writer several times in the opera, both in London and New- castle.

The Yeomen of the Guard were originally archers and have the honor of being the very first regi-

ment between two countries, that neither will attack the other, nor. give aid to a third power that may j attack it. -

Nostalgia: Homcsickness; a. ve- hement desire to revisit one’: native country.

Pillbox: A low concrete-and-ameli fortification containing one or- more machine guns.

Propaganda: A means of spread- ing]? particular set of doctrines or e e s:

Reconnaissance flight:

land or sea. or of enemy units.

Sabotage: wilful destruction oi property, or the hampering of thc war effort in other ways.

Synthetic: Made by putting two or more things together to form a whole.

Totalitarianism: The single-party, dictatorial system of government. The “totalitarian" state extends the sphere of state influence over the whole of life. public and prl vate. and exacts full submission of the individual to the state. (e.g.. Fascist Italy, Nazi Germany).

WAR, 1854-1856

now besieged. In October the Turks were defeated in a fight at Balaklava but the British troops, especially the Light Brigade, dis- tinguished themselves for bravery. In the

at Inkerman. During the long] siege of Scbastopol which followed the British troops were sadly lieg- lected by the government and suf-

t

of the Russian winter as from the

But though cold, destitute and ivciik they endured till the fortress the Russians retreated.

only half his own. On the night oi October l2, near thc village of I 1311001191011. 1.300 Americans cross- ad the river and gained a. foothold on Queenston Heights. Brock led a party against the invaders but fell mortally wounded. His second t

the foe into the river.

In the campaign of 1813

at the battles

Riall at Chippewa. On July 25 the

at Lundy's Lane. The Ghent signed in December brought peace.

1814

ways. The colonists admitted the benefit but argued that they could be taxed only by their representa- tives. The British removed all taxes but that on tea. A shipload of taxed tea entered Boston har- bour and was thrown overboard by some colonists. One event led to another until fighting began in 1775. After many battles, some favorable to one side, some to the other, the Peace of Versailles in i783 granted the inde endence of the thirteen colonies ater known as the United States of America.

us in our effort. After the sum- mer's intermission “The Educational Horizon” will begin again. appear- ing in this gaper twice a month throughout. t e ensuing school term. To our tiiacher readers we hope the vacat on period will provide you with the rest, relaxation and change which are so essential to the best work when on duty.

This Department fa con- ducted b the Prince Edward Island eachers‘ Federation. Contributions are welcomed and should be mddrfiicfl 1° Mlllar MacI-‘adyen. 8 I-Z Fel- ling St., Charlottetown.

fi fin“n“fifhfif\"-

Livingstone.

Grade H: Richard Carson, Doug- las Clark, Fred Dlrnmock, Jane gaught. Lloyd Seaman, Pmncll

1150i‘!-

Grade : Theresa Henneasey, Billie Lank, Barbara Powers.

Special mention, Llo d Seaman completed work of gira es two and three this Year.

CR OP REPORT

18-

WINNIPEG, Man, June Cloudy weather which has been so prevalent, this spring con- tlnued over last week end, followed by several bright daya with temper- atures ranging from 50 degrees to '10 degrees which brought about a decided improvement in all crop growth, accord the weekly crop report oi t e Department of