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"The strongest memo?! U '9'”? '5- the weakest link."

' munsnay. AUGUST W10. H less

llhe Family Farm

Much is heard these days of the trend towards bigger farm units as the inevitable result of agricultural mechanization. it is argued in some quarters that big farms with all the necessary equipment for operating them are more satisfactory in every way than small farms with a mini- mum of machinery. Just what effect this trend is having on Canadian rural life in general is not clear; since. unfortunately. Federal Gov- crnment. leaders have never given any indication that they consider the matter to be of any gI'e3t lm' portance to the national welfare. But in the United States where such matters are taken seriously on all levels of government, a Congres- sional Committee of investigation has declared the trend to be against the national interest.

The committee which has just concluded a nation-wide survey of the problem, recommends that both

llf - Congress and the administration

' I g should act "decisively and promptly” to save what are left of the nation's family farms, more than 600,000 of which have failed in the last four yeers, their owners having been forced out of business by large oper- ailors. The committee calls the small farm "the backbone of private en- tarp " and says it is convinced "that by the proportion the nation . . pennits s lessening of the number of V ; opportunides for venture into in- ' dlvldual enterprises--for one to own his own farm or his business-then, 3.3- by an even larger measure will the ' free enterprise system be weakened." After noting "a widespread de- terloratlon of the economic structure of the family farm" the eommittce goes on to say that "the remedy, to be effective, will require Federal Government sanction in close co- operation with farmers and their organizations," It suggests that from now on all major program benefits --subsidies, for instance-be based on and limited to the output level of the family type farm. Congress is urged to pass legislation "to assure each family size farm its share in agricultural production and prosper- ity." Other recommendations have to do with credit, vocational educa- lion, markets, production costs, transportation. conservation and sinall-farmer participation in pro- gram administration.

A Great American

One of the busiest men to take time off to attend the Republican ,ational Convention opening next Monday in San Francisco will be former President Herbert Hoover who Qlebrated his 82nd birthday anni- versary a few days ago. He says he is going to the convention only be- cpuse President Eisenhower insisted that he make a speech; he really cannot afford the time in view of all the work he has on hand. Since he "slowedldown" he has been work- ing no more than 12 to 14 hours e day. That, he says, is a concession to old age.

Any one of Mr. Hoover's present undertakings would appear to be

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o

In fact thus. has been

called to undertake important tasks by all three of his successors in the Presidential office is sufficient proof of his personal abilities and of his deep devotion to the service of his country as well as to world-wide humanitarian causes. His speech next week will be his third "farewell address" to a Republican Conven- tion. It will probably not have much effect on the conventions pro- gramme; but one is safe in saying that it will be listened to with at- tention snd respect, as coming from a truly great American who at 82 still finds his greatest pleasure in sewing the common good.

Over-Generous Taxpayers Last year in Canada no fewer than 88,000 people overlooked tax credits legally due them. Another 42,000 overpaid their taxes because they failed to understand such things as the allowable deductions, especially for charitable and medical expenses. and exemptions for wives and children. Another 44,000 cheated themselves when working out the percentage tables. In all some 177,- 000 refund cheques had be be mailed to persons who had given the Govern- ment too much tax money. And if these many overpayments were dis- covered, it is likely that others may have gone undetected. . The individual tax form was re- written and simplified a couple of years ago. Apparently, however, it is not yet easily enough understood. The Government spends a greatdeal of money every year on publicity and educational material in various departments. Perhaps some of these expenditures might be cut off in favor of explanatory material for income taxpayers. This proposal is advanced by the Montreal Gazette, which suggests that in addition to the taxation forms, explanatory statements be made available. If this were done there might not be so much bewilderment. Certainly the discovery of 177,000 taxpayers who had made errors to their own dis- advantage suggests the need for bet- ter instruction.

EDITORIAL NOTES

Napoleon Bonaparte born this date, 1769. O O I An American of Scottish ances- try has purchased Ireland's Killer- ney with all. "its lakes and fells, mountain paths and woodland dells." He had better look after his pos- session well. The leprechauns will be watching him. 0 O 0 Egyptian President Nasser's am- bitions can hardly be called modest. In a booklet he referred to a number of regions which in due course must come under Arab control. Included was "that territory which our an- cestors invaded in France herself." O O O Results of tests made at the Uni- versity of Alberta favour weaning of pigs at three weeks. However, in view of a reservation applying to large litters where pigs average less than 10 pounds, it isn't likely to become a general practice. 0 O O Passage by armored car is not the only way to insure safe transfer of large sums of money, as a Texas bank manager proved the other day. Having occasion to transfer over 0. million dollars in cash and securities, he threw the whole amount in a handcart and made off with it. No one suspected there was anything more valuable than rags in the cart. 0 I O A member of the Commons thinks it would he a good thing if all Canadian children fould see Par- liament at work. Perhaps it would be, if visits could be arranged when members are on their good be- haviour. The brawls which featured so many sitting: of the past session were neither instmctive nor enter- talning.

O O I

soon there should be enough

THE HAIR-RAISER

Freedom Of The Skies

y William Courtenay, 0.B.E.

Cl-lICAGO,- The "freefom of the skies" is being demanded from both Democratic and Re- oublican Conventions in I Peti- tion submitted by Trans-Amen ican Airlines. Mr. Roscoe R. Hart of Los Angeles in testimony before the Platform Committee of the Democratic party here has spoken out strongly against the Eisenhower Administration and the C.A.B. Trans-American Air- lines accuses the Civil Aeronau- tics Board and the chief U.S. air lines of conspiring together to cre- ate a "closed sky" policy to crush independent 'nonsked' oper- ators who sponsored and piouce - ed cheap coach fares to bring fly- ing within reach of all.

It was Trans-American Airlines who boldly challenged the I A T A concept of fare structures by of- fering to operate across the At- lantic between New York, London and European capitals at a fare of about 150 dollars or roughly fifty pounds sterling - a cut of 50 per cent over present cheapest fares. It was this challenge which impelled the recent International Air Traffic Association Conven- tion to offer some cuts. CHARGES MONOPOLY

Trans-American now say they are being threatened with ground- ing by C.A.B. for one simple rea- son "we have challenged the U.S. Air Line monopoly and incurred the wrath of their protesters." Mr. I-lart states in his Petition that the 12 trunk airlines in USA hold an "absolute and long standing monopoly on certificates for dom- estic trunk llne passenger oper- ations" and that this "closed sky" policy is contrary to the will of C-Onzress. to sound public policy,

and is antagonistic to the antl-mon- opoly position of the Democrats.” He goes in to stress that the major sir lines have no limit on their profits. They are protected agahlst loss by subsidies if profits fall below eight per cent. 'Mr. Hart who commences his plea in the manner customary with these Petition and Memorials says: "My name is Roscoe R. Hart. I live in Los Angeles, Cali- fornia. I am co-founder and part owner of the nations largest in- dependent air line - Trans-Amen leap. of Burbank, California. My partners and I pioneered low- cost air travel eleven years ago and today coach traffic, accounts for over 40 per cent of air line rev- enue. Since America values inl- tlatlve and welcomes innovation it is reasonable to expect oppor- tunity would be unlimited for s newcomer with i sound dynamic lde ." MAKES BLUNT CHARGES He pulls no punches; accuses the monopoly minded C.A.B. of sea- tencing them to death though they possess an unsurpassed safety and maintenance record; and adds that not one of the 164 applica- tions for new entry into the rank of operators on domestic routes has even been granted a Certif- -icate by C.A.B. in the 18 years of history of the Civil Aeronautics Act. The main lines have kept 96 per cent of the business though volume has increased four thou- sand per cent since 1938. The chal- lenge to monopoly will be heard of at both Conventions and has its lessons in all lands where air lines are nationalized and fares are not competitive. Without the enterprise of the 'nonskeds' (non-scheduled opera-

Food Production in India

by Adrienne Farrell Rental! Service, New DQH

Indis where large only a few years ago. now ll NW 0fIly self-sufficient in food but is planning to export food grains worth 4,000,000,000 rupees 3B20.000,000 in the next five years.

The second five-year plan which began on April 1 visualized s 15- per-cent increase in food - grain production. but experts already are considering the possibility of increasing food production by III to 40 percent by readjustment and better utilization of alloca- tions already made for agricul- ture in the second plan.

If the government is able in achieve its target. the country will earn 4.000.000.000 rupees from the- export of food grains and cash crops which will covcr the pres- gnt gap in estimated resources for the second plan.

EXPORT CROPS

The increased production will be of rice, wheat and of exportable cash crops such as oil sods. lute. tobacco, tea, coffee..cotton and cashew nuts.

in India. the problem is not only how to Increase y-oduction but also to improve the guilty of the produce for expm as well as for home consum tion.

There is a coat uous movement

famine loomed i

have been brought under this method of cultivation in the last five years.

India's capacity to pr o d uce more depends largely on major irrigation projects undgf. taken during the first plan. Their full benefits will be available only towards the end of the second plan in 1901.

lndis still imports food grains loitbe extent of ,1,ooo,ooo tom every year, mostly from the United States. Australia, the Sov- iet Union. Pakistan and Burma. But this is to build up rcscrvc stocks to meet any emergency. At the same time. Indian wheat is exported in order to maintain production and to regulate prices.

LORD BUTE DIE!

GLASGOW (Reuters)-'l'he Mer- quess of Bute, 40, one of the rich- set men in Britain. died at his home near Rofhesay on the Isle of Bute Tuesday night after an ill- ness Lord Bute owned 117,000 acres of lead in scotlsad and south Wales and drew a vest in- come from coal royalties on his Welsh estates Lord Huts is-sue-r ceeded by his son. the :3-year-old Earl of Dumfriss

0'U'l' OF SEASON

Wild oats lie brown ecrosss the curving land,

Though summer's fruit hangs green upon the bough.

And soil that lifted bean rows takes the plow

Before the August corn's pale- tasseled strand '

Turns crisp and curled. The bar- vest fields sre spanned

By gentians, blue in the wheat that waits the mow.

And winter's drifts, when streams run deep, allow

A budded sweep of spring where willows stand.

So does the year's exactness keep some token

Of seasons past and season: yet to come,

As people do - with youth and age both brown

By the child's proud -dreams and the old mania thoughful sum

Of tasks not yet accomplished. words not spoken;

The act and the plan in equilib-

rium. -Frances Hall. in the New York Times.

tors) there would never have been any coach services yet if at all; and no worthwhile slashed fares since all -the world's major air lines have combined the I A T A to charge the same fares on the same routes. Experience is prov- ing that this occurred too early in history of postwar expansion of commercial air routes and that every air line the world over should instead have been given its head to use courage. daring, inl- tiative. enterprisa. ingenuity and its native genius to find ways of bringing air travel to vast mil- lions by cheap fares instead of to a favoured few mostly travelling on expense accounts or at Gov- ernment charge. No COMPETITION

Today there is still no compet- itlon between the major air lines of the world since all use the Ilml aircraft and offer the same rates on the same routes. Oppos-

ed at first bitterly to the enter-'

prise of coach services at cheap rates, all have now eagerly taken to it as their salvation in solvency. Today it is the basis of their prosperity - thanks to pioneers like Trans-American.

This company not only pioneer- ed sir coach travel in 1046 but was first with a 90 dollar fare in 1041 for the 3.5000 miles flight from Los Angelss to New York: first to cut it to so dollars in 1052; and first to offer the world the chal- of the 150 dollars (are with- ut ” ”, or all-mall contract on the North Atlantic. They argue that if they can offer such attrac- tive rates across the some 8,500 miles of ocean where I four eu- ginc slr lluer consumes the same amount of fuel. Despite this es- terprlsa they are only given a head-to-mouth temporary - opera- ting authority in American Ly the CAB. They claim now before the Convention that seven spike- tians made since 1054 to offer cheap Atlantic fares have all been turned down by the Republican.

lcnge 0

Budget need help?-

I-lPCosnhelpyo'utodsywithprsnhl, ,eddnuboumsulymooqproblaas,en smhloennpto8l000.0ae-deyssrvln. .- Uplo24mootlIstoupsy.WhItlIIyoI .W nselaionsys'dvlaaotsesdnvlose.,yos -

Speaking of

IrlIu1sss'N.sssseses.II.n.

rashes-unless you come in con- tact with offendlnl weeds. And that is a distinct possibility during this vacation season. I -

of dermatitis in the Rhus group- polson ivy, oak and sumac. The

these plants -is exactly the same. it only takes a few

toms ocur. '

The best thing to do immedi-

ately after e ure is to wash the

thoroug y with plenty of soap and water. If acetone or eth- er is handy you can use this to clean the skin effectively. MILD ERUPTXONS

Of course. it's impossible to pre- scribe speciflc treatment for all such reactions. Generally, how- ever, mild locallzed eruptions can be helped with bland anti-itching lotions, creams and compresses.

Bul-row's solution used with com- presses frequently will relieve the itching and burning.

For cases of infected contact dermatitis, you'd better see your doctor.

He might advise compresses of potassium pcrmanganife. which are easily made by dissolvln one tablet in two to three pin of water.

Soak or wash the area with the compress for from 15 to 20 min- utes four times a day. A fresh batch of this solution must be made every day on DOCTOWS Rrrnovsi.

Boric acid or ammonated mer- cury may also be used locally with approval of your doctor.

For those of you with chronic weed dermatitis, probably the test thing is desensitization.

It's a little late for such action this year, but next winter you can begin injections which will help alleviate those itching, burning

., t next . QUESTIONS AND ANSWER

P.M.: What causes gallstones?

Answer: The exact cause is not known. but infection of the gall- bladder, overweight and lack of exercise are factors which may lead to this condition.

our YESTERDAY:

Item The Guardian Files TWENTY-FIVE YEARS AGO (Aug. 15. 1931)

A wire has been received by Secretary J .W. Boulter from Wirih and Hamid, New York, that the Bonllair Troupe consisting of Prof. Bonhair and four sons, will ar- rive at Quebec tomorrow eve- ning direct from France. and pro- ceed at once to Charlottetown, to put on their first performance at the Charlottetown Old Home Weeek celebrations.

For the week of Aug. 1st to Aug. 7th the carfcrry. S.S. Charlotte- town has carried 322 automobiles across the Northumberland Strait to Borden.

TEN YEARS AGO (Aug. l5. 1946)

The Vital Statistics report for last month discloses there were 02 births in the City, 33 marriages, and 14 deaths.

Though the recent dry weather hss adversely affected the growth of all root crops in the Province. it is not too late yet. given suf- ficient moisture. for an average potato crop. Mr. S.S. Peppln. Do- minion Inspector of Seed Certific- ation told the Guardian last night. mm

The Age Old Story

And all filings, whatsoever !I II . bell .. """..... .......r'”" "W-

Shim LAUNDERIZD , so PERFECTION

RITE-WAY CLEANERS

Dial 7387

lo Cstherlnes

5; ;-It I . N'o.-ES 2

things in Egypt than days.-st. atsndud V lesvy, labour for wemse wi'J -soon be abolished. the Russians say. it will be a touching ash!- grsndmn old wheelbarrow sit- ting out in the front yard, plant- ed with peiuuingaorillls Pocket and Times l . Alberta's school curriculum el- rssdy sadly overloaded with non- euentlsls, is about to face I new assault. The Alberta Co-operative Union is seeking to have hllh schools give increased attention to the part co-operatives ere play- ing in the world today. HIE- gestlou is dangerous. if accepted- it could only end in the scl10.0ll becoming places of indoctrina- tion rather than education.-Ed- montou Journal Congratulation are due Prince Edward Island whose farmers have harvested a record of 1.500.- 000 pounds of strawberries this season. That's 600.000 Pound! 53' tcr than the previous top crop 0! 900,000 pounds. Yet, it wasnt long ago that Maritimers were about a disapP0ln"l18 Spring and a reluctant month of June. Now. contemPl5W Q19 bounty of August! P.E.I. straw- ben-y growers are Setting 20-cents a pound for a crop of 83 mllllunl. value. Thus is perseverance award- ed.-Cape Breton Post

,ONl.Y 2

You saaslwsys be In of gel- ung the last word in on lrllunent times '70 .

derstsnd how "'

and can't in you could ever, hays been .Iro.Itupld.-

one of the Ilulslll fhllll about M Mr. Bryce, the member of Psi-Ila: - meat for Selkirk. Men, is um nearly svI!1lb0d! that "scotty" is his nickname. Actually -' thefull name ofilhll genial rg-” presentutivs of the farm belt is William Scottie Bryce. He brought i this entire name with him from Scotland some years ago. - I-lam. ' lltou Spectator. ' vi

Csulule is placing herself 1. line with a modern trend in seek- ing to extend her present three. mile offshore territorial, limit to twelve miles, But it is'only the first half of a sound policy. Many nations by uuiiater ' decree have brought the twelve-mile strip of ocean within their territorial jun-. lsdiction. Thai: Canada is seeking ihternstionsl recognition for 1 similar move is fitting in a de- mocracy which respects ths sov. erelgaty of other nations as much , as it prizes its own.-Globe and . M

NIGHTS

roWINNIPEG i .:

"Ocean Limifsd"

or "Scoflan",'

fo Monfreai-fhen on by

.-

This is travcllin I This is livingl One night to Montreal. i

where you hour the Sn er Contincntal- another relax- ing night and s day, an you're in Winnipeg. No trsli no weather, to we about - inst enjoy yourself! Trev on the sleek Supcrnaonlinenla (as on all CNR main-line name trains) is a revelation in oom' I. and convenience . . . yet costs you no motel Wide choice of accommoda- tions . . . meals to suit your mood of the moment in coffee shop or dining at. For euy travel to the West. Super Continental is the way for you!

Going farther?

It's only 3 niglmfo Saskatoon, Edmonton or Jasper - 4 nights to Vancouver.

information and reservations from your Canadian National loplessnfaffve

i DIAL 3644' -

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CHOICE MEATS

WEATHERBY'S

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