-bunal followed the very successful

sarramaaa 27. 1952

-.9-goo-u-b-co-on-one-oao - NEWSY

,. By J. A. C 3-um-so-c-to-cm-6-u-Q-c

The International ' Joint Coinmlulon

The term "good neighbours" is frequentlyused with reference to the good relations that exist. be- tween Canada and that United

NOTES-

iu-ir, n.sa.

Commission? authority is three- fold: One, "it is final in all cases involving the use or diversion of boundary waters, or of rivers crossing the boundary: two. it investigates and reports on refer- ences by either government, but

Isnisgffmn 1” ""3 Am.” 3:”. lag: tlllileygovernmlertitgs may or mgvqggt ”"”' "”'”"” "d A mm (Article Ix)-, three, and its de-

of currency but differences do arise even in the best regulated families and the outstanding fac- tor that has helped so greatly to maintain tiie good relations be- tween our nations.slnce 1912 has been the International Joint Com- mission.

The idea of creating'such a mi.

work of the International Water- ways Commission that had been established in 1907 as an advisory body, whose duties were to inves- tigate and "make recommendations on all waters adjacent to the boundary from the head of the lakes to the St. Lawrence River and thence to the ocean in the matter of the maintenance of lev- rls, diversion for power purposes and the improvement of naviga- 'ion". Its powers were limited but LLS investigations were so valuabh that negotiations between Lord Bryce, British Ambassador to the United States. then representing Canada and Elihu Root, United States Secretary of State resulted in The Boundary Wateis Treaty, signed in January 1909. Its aims were as follows:

"To prevent disputes regard- ing the use of boundary waters and to settle all questions which are now pending between the United States and the Domin- ion of Canada involving the rights, obligations or interests of either in relation to the other or . to the inhabitants of the other, along their common frontier, and to make provision for the adjustment and settlement of all such questions as may here- after arise". i

During more than forty yearsi these two countries thus have not only amicably settled difficult prob- lems. but by dealing in advance with matters that might cause disputes have adjusted differences before they gave rise to any seri- ous antagonism.

An impartial tribunal composed of three Canadian and three United states appointees. known as the International Joint Com- mission. was set up under article VII of the Boundary Waters Treaty. which was vested with final authority, even above that of national law, within precisely de- fined spheres, regarding grievan- ces referred to it that could be quickly settled. The personnel of the Commission consists largely of engineers: those in the Canadian section are: General A.G. L. Mc- Naughton. chairman. engineer J. Lucien Dansereau and Hon. George Spence. The United States sec- tion is headed by Hon. A. 0. Stan- ley, a member since 1930; cngiii- ccr R. B. Mcwortcr and engineer E. W. Weber.

Articles III and IV of the ,treaty provide: "There shall be no fur- ther use. obstruction or diversion of boundary waters affecting the natural level or flow on either side of the line without the approval of the International Joint Com- mission. Remedial works to navi- gation and harbour facilities may be undertaken within its own ter- ritory by either country rovided that they do not affect trite flow of boundary waters on the other side of the line. or interfere with is domestic or sanitary uses." The

cisions are final in regard to any question that the two govern- ments. with the consent in the United States of the Senate, and in Canada that of the Governor- Generai in Council. agree to refer to it under Article X for that purpose."

A ion may be referred to the Commission by either country, then the two governments d ter- mine the terms and scope o re- ference. The Commisslon. on re- ceiving these, usually appoint an International Engineering Board with -an equal number of experts from each country, to report to the Commission on the engineering phases of the problem. Meetings of the Commission are held in April in Washington. and in October at Ottawa to receive progress re- ports. Il. may decide to hold hear- ing: at the location of a. problem and is empowered to subpoena wit- nesses. when briefs and reports of the International Engineering Board have been received and hearings concluded, the Commis- sion submits its report to the governments of Canada and the United States. ,

In the uses of boundary water an order of priority has been es- tablished in dealing with- the question submitted; thus ublic health comes first, transpor ation and associated services have sec- ond place and power and irriga- tion have third place. Any citizen of either country may have re- course to the C mmission, which will consider a very wide range of problems.

Problems Adjusted

The measurement rind appor- tionment of the waters of the St. Mary and Milk Rivers in connec- tion with irrigation schemes re- sulted in areas in Alberta and Montana, previously arid, now supporting rich agricultural com- munities. with industries based on the produce of these areas. The Commission made recommenda- tions regarding the entire water- shed of the Columbia River for all purposes. It includes areas in British Columbia. and the States of Idaho, Montana and Washing- ton. The primary need was con- trol of' flood waters in the spring and early summer. and their stor- age even over a period of years. to eliminate the effect of a series of dry years. The writer has vis- ited the Grand Coulee Dam in Washington, with its enormous potentialities, as less than half of its available power was being used in 1948. i

An investigation in connection with the pollution of boundary waters .was started in 1912. It was found that the water at the mouths of the Niagara, Detroit, Rainy and St. John Rivers was intensely polluted. Reports were submitted to the governments in 1918 and again in 1951. That sub- mitted in 1951 was accepted by the two Governments. and the Commission was authorized to es- tablish and maintain supervision over the pollution of boundary waters through control boards which have been established.

Problem Under Consideration

The Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Waterways system is a. problem of great.public interest today. In 1920, a question with reference to the improvement of navigation and power facilities between Lake Ontario and Montreal was refer-

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BAliBOlIll my

red to the Commission. These and other problems submitted, some of which were ironed out,.led to the St. Lawrence Deep Waterway Treaty of 1932. which was de- fcatcd in the United States Seu- ate; and the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Development Basin A- greement of 1941, which also has failed several times to get the approval of congress. The Com- mission, in their original terms of reference in connection with this seaway, expressed the matter quite simply, requiring only: "a plan which would secure from the wat- .ers of the Upper St. Lawrence their maximum efficiency in navi- gation and power."

A Canadian financed seawsy through the Canadian section of the river now seems assured. The Commission has recently been en- gaged in hearings regarding lake levels: problems have arisen due to high,wster in the lakes that has caused very great damagelo property along many sections of lake shore. .

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'I'Hl5 GUARDIAN. UHAKLUFPETOWN

AAA .4

i .. . uTIlllEl.YAlio'fEs oii'roricsA . - OOIIIIEOTEII WITlI' Silver Fox and

Mink Farming A j

Thevdeath of William A. ”Biiiy" Jenkins, Beal River, will be regret- ted by a. great number of friends. and particularly by those who knew him in the early years of fox farm- ing here. Back in iilll he was it hard-working young farmer, a keen sportsman with rod and gun and one who always wore a pleasant smile and had a warm greetinglfor those he met. Recognizing his good qualities, Messrs. George A. B. MacDonald, George Auld, C. P. Fletcher and Benjamin Rogers went to see him and asked him if he would take care of a pair or two of foxes if they bought them. He was delighted with the proposition and pens were prepared by him to receive the animals. They then went to Charles Dal- ton, Ti.gnish. and after some con- versation told him they wanted to buy a pair of pups. Mr. Dalton said he did not have a. pair of pups for sale, he had only one pair left - the female is May pup - and he had never had any success from breeding May pups. However, they wanted them and Mr. Dalton said that as he did not expect them to get good results he would only charge them 56,000. His regular price that fall was si0,000. It is a long time since the Spring of i9l2 but the writer can remember the sensation created in Charlottetown when the news got around that the Seal River female had a litter of seven and they were all doing well. Billy proved the right man in the right place and the seven pups grew up to.maturily as splendid speci- mens. Trades were made with oth- er ranchers so that in the fall of i912 the company had five pairs of foxes and was capitalized accord- ingiy.

The male of the original pair was named Seal River Rogers and the female Seal River Fannie. In I913 they made a trade with the Royalty Silver Black Fox Company and se- cured Seal River William and Seal River Annie and these became the foundation of a numerous progeny. That same fall the Seal River Com- pany was recapitalizcd and the or- iginal shareholders were magnific- ently rewarded for their investment by two years of unusual breedingi isuccess. In 1914 they had a big turnout and had sole many options but the war coming on cancelled 11 great many of these sales and for a while prospects looked dim for the industry. However, the careful and

lracing stable and

to many ranchers here, has an art- icle in worn 's Wear Daily in which he ate es that the gradual increase in production of mink in 091'”-in foralirn countries. particu. larly the Scandinavian countries, is Tewknized as 5 problem "by the United states mink ranchers." Your National Board is aware of the Droblem that exists at present", states Mr. Francis. "and gradual increase in production that is tak- ing Dliwe in these countries and is doinir all in its power to bring about such 'reguiations and con. trois as will insure protection to our domestic fur farmers." He re- ferred to Canadian mink proauc. tion and said he felt it would be impossible to secure any embargo Y9-mlctions on other countries such as the Scandinavian group wmmug; BDDIYMB similar or reasonable measures of restriction on Canad- ian imports,

iWe are hopeful in the very near future of working out some, amic- able solution with the Canadian fur farmers and their government; 01- ficials to recognize the problem which we face and set them to fierce to some sound solution which can be presented to our govern- ment for approval.” Mr, Fmmg, also referred to the embargo 1m- posed on, several types or musmn WT-I DY the United states govern. ment. There is no question, he WING. but what this solution is go. ing to be of material benefit to the 1:1; farming industry. Mr. Francis C d imports statistics for 1951 and Dointed out that 410,000 mink were imported from Japan that year. These are Jap or China mink an inferior variety to those ma; are produced on the North Ameri- can continent or in the Scandlnav- lan countries. There is no doum ”?i3t 5 large Percentage of these mink originated in China and were i9;ll)Ded via Japan during the year

HOLLYWOOD. Sept. 19-(Ari rGene Markey, film writer and producer, said today he plans to leave for New York Tuesday to marry Mrs. Warreniwright, awn. ier of the famed Calumet Farms widow of the baking powder magnaie. Markey's former wives are Joan Bennett,

BLILLE.TlNS FROM BIRDLANDV '

WINIFISD 1:. wii.soi(

scsrrnnsn FARMS when travelling for any B0"-Side crable distance. it is, n0”mW that the types of birds change 156' the type of land changes. EH81 sparrows, starlinzl. Hid . E399” abound in cities and towns. but "9 Braduaiiy left behind as the out!- skirts are reached. Bong SD3l'1't0l;e- Goldfinches, and Bobolinks B their place.' These are no lonllllli seen by the time we reach ta forest trees, but Chickadees. Nui- hatehes, and woodpeckers put In an appearance! . It seems strange that the :43- fed'Grouse, commonly called I - rldge should not thrive in an ex- tensive area of dense woodland: nevertheless. the 19”” 13 "hm: "IS: farms spring up here and there 9. formerly unbroken forest. "1659

KINGSTON UNITED W. M. S.

The Kingston United W. M. 8. held its September meeting at the home of Mrs. Roland Buchanan The president was in the chair, and the worshi leader was Mrs. Earl Willis. T e theme was ."The Means of Grace". Hymn 502, and responsive reading Psalm Si and scripture were read by several membe s. The Christian Steward- ship was presented by Mrs. Edgar Newson, and "Give a thought to Africa" by Mrs. Lloyd McKlnnon.

A reading, "Life at Tokyo, Jap- an”, was given by several mem- bers. Roll call was answered by 13 members with a verse of scrip- ture. It was decided to send fruit to sick"frlend. Collection was Sl.b5 and,the friendship fund 40c.

The next meeting will be at the home of Mrs. Lyman Newson. when the leader will be Mrs. Ed- gar Newson and the lunch com- mittee Mrs. Roland Buchanan, Mrs. Ralph Younker and Mrs. Owen Younker. The meeting closed with benediction, and lunch was served by the hostess and committee in charge.

ing through panes of glass which they cannot understand, landing

I ease ELEVEN

Jlup II”, it was amt:-mrtstw. mm.

a c. .lOililSTOllE Says

The present is the best time to see that your future good intentions for financial security are carried our. Life Insurance guarantees money for future delivery.

I.E'I”S TALK THIS OVER EDWIN C. JOHNSTONE. B.A.. C.L.U.. Provincial Manager

ill - ll5 Grafton Street. Charlottetown. P. E. l. . I

in people's houses.

At the approach of winter ccmblikie growths appear on the toes of Ruffed Grouse, giving them the ability to walk on top of the

birds multiply. ,

The reason is that, unlike the majority of birds that breed in Canada, Grouse which are bum here remain throughout the V931"- and therefore their requirements are more varied and numBT0U5- They build their nests of fallen leaves, drum on a rock or (preh- erably) a fallen log, hide in bu- - es, and need cleared land Wile"? their .offsprlnK can catch W59” food and they can all take dust baths. Before autumn arrives. the)" begin eating berries. 565515. imd leaves. ,

Then buds of trees, fall fruits. and nuts are added to the diet. and must do them until sbrmz vegetation and fruits are ready- Evergreenl are necessary for win- ter roosting. Altokether. 9- mmni needs about 25 acres 10 i)1'0V1d9 for all these wants. .

Younlz Rulfed Grouse are nbif to leave the nest as soon as they hatch out. This is just as well for their parents, because it would bill hard work to carry enough food toi a dozen or so babies, and Grouscl families are often as large as that. The mother keeps them Pfeiily much together until mid-Seprcm- ber, by which time they are fairly well grown, and supposed to be able to look after themselves. Then it is that the young birds wander in all directions, and

Hcdy Lamarr and Myrna Loy. sometimes come to grief by fly-

consclentious management given the company's foxes by Mr. Jenk-i ins enabled them to come throug"i i this period quite nicely and when: in 1915, through the efforts of WA Chester 5. McLure. the American" became conscious of silver fox and its beauty, Seal River pelts brouglv excellent prices because of their good color and good qualities.

The highlight of sales perhaps. was the disposal of a pelt at the December. .l9l8, auction of C.M. Lampson 3: Co. in London for 2250. equal to over 31.700, That sale was only a little over a month after the Armistice had been signed after World War I ended. Returning from the war the writer and Col- onel W. B. Prowse decided to start A fox farm a few miles out of Charlottetown. We called it the Vimy Ranch and the first place we visited to procure foxes was the seal River Ranch. I can still re- member the very spiendid greeting given us by Billy and Mrs. Jenkins. He took the greatest pains to show us everything in the ranch he thought was good quality and to help us, and the foxes we bought that day gave us an excellent start in our new venture.

rMr. Jenkins continued fox farm- ing until the business hit a decline that made it impossible for a com- pany to earn dividends on its large capital and'the Seal River Comp- any, llke so many others. disap- peared and only the individual fox farmers as A rule survived. Since then we have only occasionally had the pleasure of meeting Billy. who we are sorry to say. met with a very serious accident some years ago which caused the loss of an arm. but whenever we did have I chance we esteemed it a pleasure indeed to, have a lei. minutes con- versation with him. To his beloved wife and relatives we extend on be- half of our fellow fox ranchers our deepest sympathy in their great loss.

tary of the National Board of fur farm organizations and well known

FARMERS '

See the new Cockshutt 20 Tractor l22 and 27 H.P. S1495 - S498 down pay- ment in cash or livestock. balance 3 year terms. Ask the many farmers who own them about their perform- ance, in some districts we have sold 10 since April.

wssxs ram EQUIPMENT

1

THROAT

Joseph Francis, Executive Secre- r

ACROSS Tear Perform A creed Ciamcr Theater seats Apportion Misuse: Man's name Silver coin (Peru)

18. Scorch

20. Theron isbbr.)

. Pierce with

a dagger . Famous mis- sion (poss.) Expression . Girl's ham 2 Native of Crete . At one iiir-- . Behold!

. Not hot

37. Skill

38. Oriental I nurse . 40. Larva of

an insect

42. Whiter

44. River

( Yugo.)

(5. Breathe

,. noisily in I sleep

5. Western state I. Slant 7. Kind

1. 4. 7.

73:0

I3. 14. 16. 17.

YIIRII

11. English (poss.)

15. Body of salt water

47. Large worm . (8. Ovum ., DOWN 1. Adjust 2. March date

DAILY CRYPTOQUOTE-IIere's how to work IE1

AXYD IILONG

, One letter simply stands for another. In this example A is used for the three L's, X for the two 0's, etc. Single letters, apos-I trophies. the length and formation of the words are all hints. Each day the code letters are different.

Ac.,.,-, Ixzvi) DQHIDQ

xrnrr, YBKD roe rxo YDIJ ewuror

” Yesterday": crypfoquofe: TELL US. THAT MAN GROWS t PRIOR.

CROSSWORD

.1. Attitudinizc: 19. A wing

I. Miscellany 22. Slaughter: 24. Directing 26. Assam

'28. Applauds 8. Mechanical 29. Native of

10. -- voce; in 30. Name (Fr.) an undertone 32. Ugly old

boys' school 33. Girl's namv 36. Cup-like

TJ

FOR STORY AND EXPERIENCE

imeasure

Rome

woman . Tuferdafs Answer f 39. Genus of lily I 41. Cricket (Dial). 43. Property (L.)

iposs.)

spoon

i

LBAAXR FELLOW

Quotation

-ryvu ATIZRZE zz, xzarzo rtrzon -rrsoraro. I A

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snow as though wearing snow- shoes. When the temperature drops very low and cold winds biow, or in particularly stormy weather, they leave their usual roosts in coniferous trees and bury themselves in snowbanks, to re- main there until conditions im- rove.