i : :

\ WEEKLY

JOURN

ie

RE AND NEWS. _

EDWARD WHELAN]

Chis is true Liberty, when Free-born Men, having to advise the Public, man speali

are

eg

AL, OF POLFTICS, LIPERATU

ee a ne

free.——EURIPIDES.

eee aa ee ee — a Lp oer pemennerencnonag = maement en a

———— SS — mee ae ence SES Ret ee aera ne em a ne eG TT A RL ET — Vor. V. HARLOTTETOWN, PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND, MONDAY, AUGUST 27, 1855. No. 7. RS a Re inner SR NR A TA Literature XIII, ‘thousand for their tallow and skins, at an average price of 7s, /a rich opportanity for the employes to make money, becaus> — : | Now the wave compresses a-head; now, on account of the difficulties of exporting tal-|they make all their demands upon the peasants witirou! pro- |

(From the Dublin University Magazine for August, 1855.)

THE BATH OF THE STREAMS. | BY DENIS FLORENCE M‘CARTIY, de

Down unto the ocean, Trembling with emotion, Panting at the notion, See the rivers run; In the golden weather, Tripping o'er the heather, Laughing all together, Madeaps every one.

ee te te

ee

lu.

Like a troop of girls In their loosen’d curls, See tho concourse whir!s i Onward in their glee ; List their tuneful tattle, Hear their pretty prattle, How they'll lpve to battle With the assailing sea.

Til. }

ay

Sve the winds pursue them, See the willows woe them, See the lakelets view them

Wistfully afar ; With a wistful wonder, a Down the green slopes under, Wishing foo to thuader

O'er their prison bar.

1¥.

Wishing too to wander By the s#a-waves yonder, There awhile to squander

All their silvery stores ; There awhile forgetting i All their vain regretting, When their foam went fretting

Round the rippling shores.

o

¥ ' Round the rocky region, ‘Whence their prison’d legion, Oft and oft besieging, Vainly sought to break— Vainly sought to throw them (er the vales below them, Through the clefts that show them Paths they dare not take.

{

VI. {

low, the price is only 5s.,—another £200 out of the pocket

| ducing any written authority from a superior officer, merely

stating, in their waitten or verbal orders, that certain articles are require? on such a date, and of course they.are ready without any demur or inquiry, as it may bappea that cue government actually, in this particular instance, requires Seas; and as this may be taken as a good criterion of .the what is demanded : then the man who sought occular demou- whole southern part of Russia, the loss is consequently some- | etration is considered refractory, and sent to Siberia to im- thing enormous. <A few of the proprietors, it is true, sold, prove his manners, and to serve as an example to others, ‘their produce, at almost nominal prices, to merchanta who | who, after this, will be ready to give all that is required of ‘speculated upon the results of the Conferences at Vienna,| them without inquiry. i By the shore, are carried and bought .9 largeky and transported the corn to the dif-| Another exaction to which all the agricultural population Seaward, to be married ferent ports cf the south, to be ready to take advantage of} is subject, is the furnishing means to transport all the muni- To the glad gods there ; the first opening of the trade, had the Conferences led to the) tions of war through the country. At the beginning they Triton’s horn is playing, imuch-desired pence. ‘The immense quantities of corn des-| wore paid for this service in a kind of government check, Neptune's steeds are neighing, jtroyed during the late expedition to the Azoff, did not, as! called contremark, which was received again at the treasury Restless with delaying | as stated, belong to the Russian government, but was the in payment of the poll-tax; but since August 1854 this has For a bride so fair, property of private speculators, among whom [ know one heen changed, and this service is paid in money—+#. é., not | who bought largely in wheat in the month of March, transe| paid at all, for the employes pocket the money, which it porting it to Berdiansk, and I have no doubt ke isa very is never prudeut to ask: the contremark was of no use to utly the service was always accurate-

large sufferer by the late events. Ido not assert, however, | the employes, consequeé | that no portion of the the. corn belonged to the Imperial go-|}y paid, but now the peasants get nothiag but kicks aud |culis for their trouble. a

All their golden tresses; Now their sea-green dresses Float them o’er the tide: Now with elf-locks dripping, Krom the brine they're sipping, With a fairy tripping Down the green waves glide.

of the proprietor. It will be seen by the foregoing state- ment that -the income of the possessor of this one estate is diminished nore than one-third, by restrictions laid upon trade by the closing of the ports of the Azoff and Black

xIv. i] Some that scarce had tarried

XV. See at first the river, How its pate lips quiver, Tow its white waves shiver

oc hyeg ey

= — “

-

ie. Tee

* 45 M tiara ilcicoidtinat hii oo

Bat the swift streams speed them, ln the might of freedom, Down the paths that lead them Joyously along ; Blinding green recesses With their floating tresses, Cheering wildernesses With their murmuring song.

| I have lived in so long, is tie truth, and to be relied on. I ‘had the honor of giving the same information to some of th | highest personages in the kingdom soon after my arrival, and ,apparently they did not think it without importanee; so I | have ventured to lay it before my country, trusting that what ‘has hitherto been dark will now appear in the light of truth ; for L have put nothing down that did not come under my , oWn personal observation, or that [did not obtain from sources ‘on which I could rely. I had thought of publishing a large work upon Russia, but was deterred by reading the books already published, which showed me that I should be obliged to repeat much that has been already written by abler | pens, and which may be relied upon; I have therefore con- jtined myself to what relates exclusively to the influence ex- /ere'sed upon ali classes in the interior by the war. There is, | doubtless, much left unsaid that might be of interest, but of ‘which I possess no information upon which I can depend; | and true to my resolve of only advancing what I know to be | facts, I have left out all that is in any way doubtful. I am |quite unused to writing for the public, and haye employed ‘my native language so little of late years, that I trust the By the water’s edges ; garb in which I have clothed my truths will be excused if it Leaping o'er the ledges, ‘be a little foreign in appearance ; for the heart of the writer Glistening in the sun. | beats with a truly British enthusiasm, and breathlessly awaits : the moment when his country will have triumphed cver all

aer enemies. | The pans who are the eresioet sufferers by the present 2 war are land proprietors. the war continue, they will, All y ayn ronag A as | for the greater part, be brought to ruin. This will bo socn A iain. {hy the following facts, which came under my observation With a. fund eceiiiee—- { #poe an estate where I have resided for some years, and Tlie. dp steamy tl ding | which I can give as an average specimen of the whole coun- One navehad oo. ,try. (It must be remembered that I only speak of the : , south of Russia ; of the north I know comparatively nothing.) | The estate in question consists of about 40,000 acres of land, | with about thirteen hundred serfs. Its princip2! productions are linseed, corn and wool, which are all sold for exporta- ‘tion by way of the ports of the Azoff and Biack Sea. These two seas having been closed for some time, all ihe raw pro-

Vil.

Now the streams are gliding Ww : . With a sweet abiding— Now the streams are hiding *Mid the whispering reeds— Now the streams outglancing W itha shy advancing, Nuiad-like go dancing Down the golden meads—

vill.

Down the golden meadows, Chasing their own shadows— Jiown the golden meadows, Playing as they run; Playing with the sedges,

Ix.

Streams and streawlets blending, Each on each attending,

% Now with foreheads blushing With a rapturous flushing— Now the streams are rushing In among the wares ;

ai 2

tay a hae hoster 2% ary COTUTUULAONS.

tn the spring ty oxen as rations

PANU OIAG pre Vit time there were required five waggons, with a pai: and a driver to each, which are to be retrrned at end of ithe war. These were for the transport of Laggage and troops ‘upon an emergency ; and it was upon them that tl who fought the battle of Inkermaan were transported last autumn. In the autumn of the same year (1854) there were required half a pood (181b.) of biscuit from every male serf for the army, which, for 1500, would amount to €50 poods ; but the proprietor offered 1000 poods, which had to be made and despatched in about three weeks. While the prepara- tion of the biscuit was going on, there came another order for ten waggons, with a driver and a pair of horses to each, to be ready and delivered up to the authorities in ten days, as the case wasurgent. ‘This was just befora tho news of the descent in the Crimea reached us. All these exactiors were made just at the time when the harvest was going on— the end of August—so that the hands were of the greatest consequence to get all the corn housed hefore the autumnal rains broke up the roads and rendered the transport impos- sible. The number of oxen required to transport the biscuit was twenty pairs, which were absent nearly four months, as | they had to carry it along distance aft

S i Lee _ io ae lof 1854 the esiaie was obliged to send fi for the troops then in the D

1 °foa + pe ‘oO Ty 2635, at the 6am

A OTT

& Lit

3

eat broken up, and when the mud was knee-deep. A little later in the same year there were required 2 number of oxen again for rations. I do not remember the exact number required ; but having sent so many away with biscuits, and the murrian being very bad among the cattle at ais time, instead of sending them, the proprietor forwsuded to the proper authorities £90 in money.

In April of the present year double the quantity of bis- cuit of that contributed last year was required; and as I travelled through the country in the month o! May, I saw thousands of tons piled outside the towns, ready for trans. portation to the army, which of course has to be done by the proprietors and peasants of the crown. I met upon the road long strings of waggons going to load with this biscuit, aud

¢\ articles of furniture were missing after their’ visit. of horses }

er the roads were!

Wilk «toad tnvest | Vernment, but eertainly not more than a fifth of the whole : List how low it seta | S ppearg Manse intended for the use of ae - ee although it! The sufferings of the inhabitants of those villages situated 1, “ wy AS SEE aCte, | might have all been seized for that purpose later in the war, the li f Coon a og th See how swift it flio.h, under the name of voluntary contriluzions, on the nes Of march taken by the armies that traversed Till at length it lieth +9 a . thie pakaeds the country from north to south, during the winter of 1853 On the ocean’s breast. | have attempted to skow the losses that tae present war and 1854, were so intense that even the soldiers themselves joceasions the landowner, by the trammels it imposes on! pitied thom; and it takes something to touch the heart of a : _— |trade ; we will now take into consideration the enormous) Russian soldier. ‘The troops, in order to obtain sustenance, Such is Youth’s admiring, | taxes he is subject to, in order that the goveratient may be| were obliged to disperse themselves over a large tract of Such is Love’s desiring, provider with means of cerryine On sre ba fs ruining him, | country, warching in a parallel direction, and falling on the : Such is Hope’s aspiring iW hich is synonymous. The most severely elt a at all poor peasantry, whose stock of Winter provisions wes only a For the higher goal ; times 6 the conseription. This in time of pec oes not prepared for the wants of their own families; like locusts, ce Buch is man’s condition, take place oftener than ne a-y ear, Send the ecuiga toed _ eating up everything, and reducing the inbabitants to the j Till ip heaven’s fruition i cruils required 1s Prat. re 170m every thousand SET:3 ; greatest distress ; while the male population, who generally } Ends the mystic mission j but since the War broke out there haye been two’ conserip- | carn something considerable with their horses during the Of the eternal soul. j tons In the year 1854, and already one in 1855, each of| winter, in transporting merchandise from one fair to another, ‘ twelve in thé thousand, being, for cighteen months, thirty- was engaged on the main road in the transport of artillery rrr six able-bodied Jabourers out of every tlousand males, old and | and tumbrils, which, by the wise arrangements of the Russian ’ (From Blackwood’s Magazine for August, 1855.) | Young together. I do not know what the proportionate | eoyernment, had to be dragged over a country covered to the 5 number of able-bodied men there is in a thousend males, but cepth of six or eight feet with snow, upon wheels; so that 3 ‘INTERNAL SUFFERINGS OF USSIA FROM THE the effective strength must be considerably diminished when |tuwbrils, which coul? have been drawa easily by four or six * WAR. such a large number is tuxen away. This is not ail. .Whea | horses if placed upon sledges, required twelve or fifteen to 3 the recruits aye sent to the town to be examined and passed | moye them with their large wheels imbedded in the snow. BY AN EYEWITNESS. by the proper authorities, there must be for every twelve men Daring a journey I was obliged to make in February, 1854, [ | [The writer of the following statement left Russia, where | ** least eighteen more, in case the others should be rejected :/ met more than 500 tumbrils transported in this laborious he had resided for many years, in the course of the present these are sometimes kept away trom their work two or three} manacr. It made my heart bleed to see the treatment both summer, weeks, withont any indeninity whatever. by this statement ! horses and peasants received at the hands of the soldiery st [It will be observed that he apologises for any defects of it Wil be sven that, during the last eightoen mouths, the! who were with them. When they came toa bill, they were style which appear in the narrative, on the cround of the | Posses#or of Haestaio tT have yuoted above has given _t the| frequently oliliged to use double, and oventreble, the aumber length of time during which he had been unaccustomed to government forty-seven conscripts, being the proportion of | of horses required on the level ground, Roads had to be s write his own language. No such defects will, wo feel thirty-six s the thonsand for thirteen hundred, and lost om) cut in some places ree the snow, to admit of the passaze satisfied, be found; as the facts, so deeply interesting in labour of about seventy men for Poor of fourteon days ; | of the heavy artillery. The peasants are seldom kept at this .. themselves, and so important in their bearing, are told in| Which latter loss, at Gd. a-day, will be £24 10s., without} work for more than a fortnight together; but they are fre- 3 plain sensible terms, leaving no doubt of the writer's sincerity, counting the entire loss of forty-seven men for =? But ‘quently a hundred miles from their homes; so that after an 3 and his desire to te!! nothing but the truth.] orsey rr ? obliged to pay a sum of mouey (about £8) | absence of a month they return only to find their homes | Having recently left the interior of Ruscia, I think it my to pravige t , ag Pe re ke bs a | swept clean by the hungry warriors me fisativ + materials - duty to lay before the public a plain statement of the resu!ts eee a ee aie a ae yr thei ‘oiniiy t Mie “1 they have transported with so muoh difficulty. That many already produced by tio events that are now passing. About| ons ee tee te er bent eae died of the artificiul famine caused by these preparations for the court and capitals I cau give no info ~ ‘a I of war, are exempted from tue militia of thirty in the thdus- | glorious war, I haye no doubt. The Russian soldier, too, is only a a alee & os . - een vad : aa we ware 2 ing ee . comp pases eee mach imbued with 2 strong one for thieving, and there I advance here relative to the particular part of the country bay By a ache Meet et ne Te toe eds Bothing be will not steal if the opportunity of 60 doing

| should present itself Vinding all the houses where they | were billeted without the master, of course many of the little j hese | things were generally taken to the next halting-place aad isold for brandy — only, perhaps, to be stolen again by the ‘next party. It frequently happened that soldiers acd re- _cruits met in the same villages, and the number billeted in one house was s0 great that the master and his family were obliged to sleep out in the sheds with cattle, or upon the snow, for slujs@ (as the peasants call the scldier) must have his lodging. Nor were the sufferings of the troops them- selves less acute, marching as they did at such an inclement season of the year. They strive, however, to enliven their dreary marches by songs and jests, fur in every company there is always a certain number cf singers, who march in front, led by 3 man with a tambourine or an old violin, who dances, sings wilitary songs, of which the other singers take up the chorus, or else he cracks jokes at any one's ex- pense. It is a curious sizit to mect a party of soldiers in the midst of a snowy desert, where nothing is to be seen but suow below and ahove; for the very air is impregnated with it. These armed men are wending their way to destroy, or be destroyed, as the case way be.

The immense amount of misery the present war is causing in Russia is little imagined; but that country cannot boast of its Times. Everything is hidden from view; and only those who actually take part in these scenes, or are in- voluntary spectators, can know what is the real state of affairs. Even at St. Petersburg nothing is known but what appears in official reports; so that in many instances far less is known in that magnificent capital of the staie of the interior of the country, than in Kugland, where such ex- cellent works as the Englishwoman in Russia are, or ought to be, universally read. Everybody is afraid to speak on these subjects, except to laud all the measures of the paternal government. I remember an anecdote that was current in Russia in the spring of 1854: A Russian who had attained the rank of general in the civil service, spoke in the theatre of the absurdity of the returns of killed and wounded pub-

'

Ago ose

Now in shy confusion, With a pale suffusion, Seek the wild seclusion

Of sequestered caves.

XI.

All the summer hours Hiding_in the bowers, Scattering silver showers

Out upon the strand ; Over the pebbles crashing, Through the ripples splashing, Liquid pearl-wreaths dashing

From each others’ hand.

XII.

By yon mossy boulder,

~ee 40 ivory shoulder,

Dazzling the beholder,

0s o’er the blue ;

Moment’s thinkin

Sends the Najad makiag. |

With a modest shrinking, ’ From the gazer’s yiew.

i

i

duce remains rotting on the hands of the producer, with the single exception of wool, which finds a ready market in Ger- many, being transported overland through Austria; stil) tie price diminished sensibly last year, on account of the in- creased cost of transport. I will now proceed to state the details of the losses experienced last year upon this one pro-

perty. The average income amounts to about £6000, out of

which £1500 has to be paid as interest of the mortgage— for this, like most other estates, is mortgaged to the govern- ment. J.ast year there were about 1500 quarters of linseed, which, sold on the spot, would fetch upon an average lbs. per quarter. Of this not a bushe! has been cold; s0, on this article alone, there isa loss of £1200. The wheat grown was about the is 12s, per quarter, and now only a limited quantity can be

apc wit oa supposing the whole to be soid at that price,

low the usual price ; in some instances there was a loss of 20 aud 25 per cent; the quantity sold usually fetched about £1400—so there was another loss of more than £200.

Upon this same estate there are kept about eighteen thousand

sheep, of which there are generally sold every year two

same quantity. The average price of wheat | . The peasants of the crown are subjected to many of the ‘game exactions as the proprietors—I think to all of them, ex- opt only the waggons, and about them I am not sure. I 1 amount to £300. This, however, is not| know they bad to provide the biscuit just as their superiors | the case, and the loss is not less than £500 upon wheat. had, and the oxen, too, for rations. It is, however, extremely Last year the price of wool was, upon an average, 15 per cent | from these poor, miscalled free serfs; for the employes by whom they are managed exact so much from them for their ‘ own use; saying that it is required for the service of their

stopped and talked with the drivers, who were for the e'ief! jished in the Kussian papers. The police master, who was part peasants belonging to the crown. They lamented bit-| present, over-hearing wuat he said, observed that he should

iterly their hard fate, being obliged to leave their homes just be obliged to report his words to the Count Orloff; for if he

as the haymaking was about to commence; and as they had | gid not, somebody else present might, and he would fall into to perform a journey of some 1500 versts, going and return- idisgrace. Tue next day the general received an intimation ing, it would be late in the autumn before they reached their} that it was the Emperor's pleasure that he should join the homes again, and consequently too late to make any prep2ra-) army on the Danube immediately, in order to satisfy himself tions for winter. Many of them said to me: “ Batusuka! | of the truth of the returns, by counting the killed and we suppose that we are intended to starve this winter; last | wounded after each battle, and that his military rank should winter we suffered enough while the troops were passing, but pe that of major. The same day there appeared in tho now we shail not be able to provide anything for ourselves, | official gazette : “Le conseiller d'etat actual, , waa for there are only the éadas (old women) at home, and what) received, by his own wish, into the army with rank of major !” can they do?” It is extremely probable that, had these remarks been made in private, and reported, the consequences might have been worse,

Among those who feel the pressure of the war in the towns are the working tradesmen, such as tailors and bootmakers. In all regiments there are a certain number of men who work for their comrades in time of peace, making for them their clothing, boots, &c.; but as now all are called upon to bear arms, they haye to quit the needle and awl for the rife and

bayouet. ‘The duty of providing the troops with their grey ‘government, that it istmpossible to distinguish what is really _greateoats falls upon the pry — ~ ary dovelicd ‘for their use, and what for that of their master. ‘The waris, {rom ghe cepressed siate of all trades, y PP

‘dificult to ascertain the amount of contributions exacted