_ gested by abundant experience.

> them in the country is not yielding protection to their in-

’ who remained.

-nnd stopping ‘ " rhyme?" To be sure they would, and so the water would find

from the‘want ofemployinent existing throughout‘tlie Pro‘

to add that but fifty persons as yet had subscribed the Con-

» stir-coin

A?!

s._..—_-— _ __7

Free Trade altogether", then this Province might with some '

propriety fiiil in with- them; and even then we should not be in the same positionas they, forthe manufactures ofthose would liaVe be'eii protected, the artizaus and tradesmen would be well acquainted with their different occupations,and their machinery would have derived the improvement sug— The proper principle, be felt convinced, was protection. Some apply to trade the truism, that “Water will finil its level.” He believed. it would, but it should be in this manner: Suppose, said he, the Falls oftheISt. John Were dammed, and the people of'the City erected Mills there, and therebyacquired the capability; of ninnufiicturing all that was required in the interior. and .piippose. that the Farmers and Mill-owners up River found the water backing up the streams, overflowing their lands, th‘eir Mills, don’t you think they weiild dam

its level, and that is the way it should always find its level. Mr. (3:11. 'Diinock, in rising to propose the two Vice Pre- sidents, remarked that this country had suffered grievously

Vince. In the tide ofiinmigration which annually flowed here, from the Mother Country, many Mechanics and Labourers land upon our shores, and after a fruitless search for employment, embark for the United'States, and give to 3b!) counts; whose mechanical industry we stimulate, by the once 5 'ément we afford it,,,the benefit of that labour which we ’ ch encouragement drive from our doors. I look (sai ‘) upon this Association as onevto'remedy this evil,, .‘h ording protection to domestic industry, and thereby inc using the number of manufactures, and con- sequently multiplying the sources ofempléyn'ient to the_ artizan. It embraces men of talentand experience, and when properly set in motion will have its effect, I trust, in arousing the apathy of'the people and arresting the attention of the Legislature. ’

Mr. B.’Ansloy said that the time had arrived when the people should be aroused to take careofthemseIVes. The

As these large balahces how not been made up in fi‘cights, the balance of trade has been against us, and Who can won— der at the depression that exists ?—If[ have but an income of'£100, and incur debts to the amount of £150, how soon \VillI he in gun]! So with the Province. We import every- thing, and have turned all our people to building ships and getting out timber, that it may be brought to market and sent to England, there to be sold at a price not averaging 5:1. atom—Ships, too, have been sent to England, and have not realised £2‘a-ton ; and instances have occurred where they have been built and fitted otit,niid the owners have not irealiscd enough from them to pay 'for the ‘outfit. And this is the trade we have been carrying on to the exclusion of those which bring into action the labours ofour husbandmep, ourfishermen, our manufacturers and our artisans; this is the trade which biis'puralysed iill efi'ortat improvement, and, by being followed too exclusively, has ruined nearly every person who has been engaged in it. But ifthe extent ofthe 'lurnber trade be diminished, to what employment can the parties so drawn offturn their liands.-—-Look at your Agri- cultural resources. This country, beyond question, and without limit, wileroduce rye, oats, hay, hemp, flux, turnips, potatoes, &c., and l have excellent authority for believing the value of this Province as a wheat country is not proble- inaticul, neither as to the quantity or quality—Mr. Hanson, of St. John River, last season, had. raised wheat of 70 lb. to the bushel,aiid 40 bushels to the acre; and Mr. Carman, of Miisqiiasli, informs me that he grows more~than he can consume, on his lands in the parish of Lancaster, and I have authority for stating, (a statement which will not be questioned) that oats, hay and potatoes are as natural to the country as the snow that covers the ground. Then, there are our mineral resources in iron, coal, lead, copper, slate, &c., riches which lie entirely neglected. Our white pine timberis another resource, which, instead of being reckless- ly cut and shipped, should be harvested, that its value might be enhanced, and that it might be made productive ofbeneht to the couiitry.—-VVhen engaged in business in Liverpool, 1

vessels of our merchants are afloat upon every sea, and for whose advantage do they sail? For the benefit ofthe people of the MotherCountry. Hence the necessity of a union of the mercantile classes With the industrial. The farmer, tOO‘, as well as the merchant, should give his hearty support to this institution, because it seeks to Pia-establish a market for his produce, to raise the prices of the product of his farm, and to give encouragement to the agricultural interests of'the Province. It is said by some that the population of this City has fallen Ofi'withiu the last two years by emigration 15,000; perhaps this is too large an estimate; there has Cel'tilillly‘ been a reduction of 10,000, of whom at least 5,000 have been I working-men, ‘WI‘IOSB wages in the year, at the rate of $5 a

week'eacb, would amount to £323,750—about double the, value ofall the shipping of the port. New, let‘us see what; ‘these working men would have been to the farmer in the; year, ifthey could have been kept here. At the rate of2 lb.l meet each per week, 1 lb. bread per day, and 12 bushels

potatoes per annum, they would have consumed—1000 bead

of'cattle, 4000 hogs, 8000 sheep, 17,209 barrels flour, andi 120,000,bushels ofpotiitoes, which, at preSent prices, would , leave £280,000 to be expended in other ways. Iask tbel farmers if giving employment to these men and keeping

terests. Mr. Ansley here alluded to the words ofliis resolu- tion, which spoke ofCircnlars being sentthrough the Country, and enquired—does it need Circulars to arouse Mechanics to their (lot, towards their country, themselves, and their families? e was sorry to say that it did. He felt grieved

stitntion. He could appreciate the. difficulty with which the natives of the soil pushed themselves nwuydi‘um its destruc- tive nllurements; he could feel for those who had made this thaland of their adoption, and whose necessities obliged them to quit the friends and acquaintances of many years, to , earn a subsistence in foreign countries,——and he could not' but sori'owfully.rcflect upon the misery that awaited those If unprepared to remedy existing evils, why stay we here? We can hope for no change of times that will better our condition.—Unless united efforts be‘now made We must seek the' home our fi'iends have ’sought before us. Mr. Ansley gave an instance of'the prevailing distress among,r the operatives, in relating that on Tuesday last, a mechanic applied to him for work, offering to engage for Is. 6d. per day. He told him (Mr. .A.) that be had no claim whatever Upon him, but he thought he might have something for him to do. He wanted work, and he believed ifhe did not get work,‘he should go mad. He stated that he had a wife and threechildren, who had been living five days on corn meal,

and he himself was reduced to the necessity of begging, in i order to prevent them from starviiiu. Mr. Ansley conclud- ed by calling upon all to come up at once to the work.

r. C. H. Dimock alluded to the generally reduced prices ofagricultural produce, and spoke of'the advantages likely to arise from the establishment of‘branches of'the Association throughout the Province. Persuade the farmer that we are laying the basis of prosperty itswide as the bounds of'the Province, and the work in which We are engaged is ac- complished. He thought the services ofa travelling agent might be usefully employed in making known the claims of this Association to general support.

.. Moved by Mr. John McLardy, and seconded bv Mr. W. VAgkobertson, and ResolvedA-“That the Committee do With- .-0ut,‘delay proceed to business, and endeavour by all proper and legal means to carry out and effect the great objects for which this Association has been formed; and that they be invested by the Association with full power and authority for that purpose.”

Mr. John McLardy observed that he did not fll'l'ogale to himselfsufl‘iment knowledge tp enter upon the question of This Trade and Protection. It was an intricate question. .Ilt‘reo, Trade, however it may be applicable to some countries, is perfectly inapplicable to New-Brunswick. The senti- ments and views of other nations, in this respect, arise from their peculiar climate and soil. Our enquiries should be "what is the character of our soil,—what is our mineral wealth-what our maritime importance—what our situation for manufacturing purposes and for commerce. Of free trade, nothingshould be heard—The speaker then alluded to the large extent of land lying iinreclaimed throughout the Pros Vince, and said it was the object of this ASSociation to bring that land into cultivation, and to iinbury the resources con- tained in it. He alluded to the protection afforded, directly or indirectly, all over the world, to domestic manufiictures, and concluded by urging the necessity of forming a home and ready market within this Province for all that can be produced within its borders. ‘ ‘

Mr. Robert D._Wilmot‘ moved, seconded by Mr. E. L. JarVis,—-“ I‘hat it is the opinion oftbis Association, that the rates of'duty levied in this Province on Foreign Importations hare been such as to Waste the resources of the country, and by their unequal and' oppressive operations, have inflicted the most serious injury on the farmer, the mechanics, the fisherman, and every other interest ol'ihis Province.” When

[lie looked around him and saw the tenantless houses and

stores, the labourers out ofemploy, mechanics compelled to

' work on the roads at Is. per day, beef selling at lid. to 2d. , per lb., potatoes from 7st]. to 1s. per bushel, and numbers

upon the streets begging ;-—-—when he saw the whole business of'the Province prostrated, and a general bankruptcy staring us in the face, it was time, he thought, to consider what had caused such general ruin, and if possible to discover a re- medy; Mr. W. then spoke of the,Tiinber trade and Ship building as occupying the-general attention of the inhabi— tants..—~He.snid that in the prosecution Of that trade we Were wasting our i'esources,.—we were building ships and pending them away, without receiving'compensation, either individually or collectively.—Look at the Custom House Returns of Imports and Experts:—

- In 1839 our Imports amounted'to - £1 435 474' and our Experts to - 7 - - ,7011839

Leaving a balance of - - , [£735,6g to be made up in freightsand new shi s—and Wl ' "believe that it is so made up? P ’ '0 Wm

In 1840—our Imports were - - -

V £12 , and our» Exports . - _ 57 300

639,349

Leaving a balance of ‘ £617,951.

to be made up in the same way.

once out ofa cargo disposed of 10,000 feet ofwhite pine, off the quay, for 2s.6d. a foot., when Quebec timber, lying alongside, was sold at Is. 6d.—The purchaser told me, that for the particular purpOses for which he required it, he would have been obliged to procure Mahogany, bad he not been fortunate enough to have secured tliis.,-——- Tbus, by .glutting the market of the old country with a valuable commodity, we are depreciating the value of our timber resources. Again, ’there are‘ our Fisheries, on all sides inviting our attention ; there are also our manufactures ; but this country, say some, is nota manufac- turing country. For inanuflicturing purposes, Mr, Chair- man, we nre a country ofgiaiits.—Every stream in oiir noble Province may be made to do the work of a giant; and its ourstrenms are innumerable, our capability for mand‘fiictu- ring is equally boundless. It. is with such resources as these, with such Agricultural products, and ucb minerals, that the Mother Country had grown to greatness under the protective system. It was supposed, said Mr. Wilmot, that 10,000 ofour labourers and mechanics had been driven out ol_the Province, to dwell among foreigners, consumingrtbeir produce, and, in many instances, manufacturing articles for the New-Brunswick market, upon which we pay a duty on their importation into a country' abouiiding’in the raw ma- terial. Our sheep-skins, even, said he, go to Boston with the wool on, and come back with the wool off, at an in- creased cost to us of 300 per cent.-and it is the'same with many other articles. He would treat them now with something in which he himself Was somewhat interested—In the year 1839, we imputed into the Province 104,550 barrels ofbread‘ stuffs, in addition to 100,000 bushels of wheat. Supposing

‘illtlt there had been no mills, and all had come in in manu-

factured flour, it would have been equal to 126,000 barrels; and supposing the empty barrels to cost the present price at Baltimore (40 cents each) the cost of barrels alone to this Province would have been £12,500.-,——In the year 1840, the whole quantity was equal to 160,000 barrels, and the cost of barrels weiild then have been £16,000. It is a well—known and admittedfact, that during the year 1842, while the duty ofSS. sterling Was on foreign wheat flour,‘ the price of flour in this market. averaged lower than in the New-York mar— ket, taking into cm‘isideratinn the cost offreight‘mid char- ges, without the Millers getting any part of'the duty; thus the duty only acted as a protection to the domestic manufac- turer, without any additional cost to the consumer. AfItIllI‘ ting, then, that the mills are erected, and that they are capa— ble of grinding all the bread—studs consumed in the Pro- vince,and that the cost of five bushels of wheat in the Uni- ted States, weighing 300 lbs. is no more than a barrel ofSu- perfinc flour, weighing 196 lbs., the country would save, by importing wheat, the raw material, £16,000 in barrels, (fit only for firewood,) and all the bran, horse-feed, and coarse flour, which would otherwise remain in the United States. At present, in consequence of'the equalization of'the duty on wheat flour, nearly 20,000 barrels oftlie foreign manufac- ture have come in since July: consequently the business is so divided that the domestic miller cannot compete, not being able to find sale for ii sufficient quantity to pay his ex- penses. Mr. Wilmot, in the course ofhis observations, allu- ded to the effect of the British Tariff and the Despateh of Lord Stanley respecting differential duties. The British Tariff, said he, regulates the trade between the colonies and foreign countries. It applies to an empire upon which the sun never sets; it embraces all the productions of the earth; and yet Lord Stanley directsthe different Colonial Legisla- tures not to interfere with it by the imposition of different duties! The consequence, in respect to this colony, is, that glass, pa ier, cottons, ironinongery, soap, candles, &c. which have hit ierto been imported from England, now come in from the United States. The only remedy now, said Mr. W. in conclusion, is to give such protection to the produce and manufactures of the Province, distinguishing between raw materials and manufactured articles, as would induce or make it the interest ofone half of those parties now engaged in destroying our resources in lumbering and shipbuilding, to turn their attention to'supplying the other half With what may l‘erequired.—'l‘luis the Experts of the Province would increase in value, while ihe Imports would be immenselv lessened; and then, and not till then, will the Province prosper.

Mr. J. W. McLeod stated,- iii proof of the enormous over- trade in ships and timber, that when lie was in Liverpool, two years ago, a ship of300 tons arrived there from St. John, and on her being offered on consignment to a respectable firm at that port, they refused to have anything to do with her, unless the light and dock dues were first paid. Such was the estimation in which our ships were held at the first commercial city in the world. ‘

The Chairman stated that our ships were employed in almost every trade, and that the business of'the country was a ruinous one. He, to be sure, was not an example; but there were others to whose interests it had proved destruc— two. One cause of our ships being so low in eSIin’iation in the mother country was on account of'the protection which the-merchants at home found it necessary, for the safety of their own interests, to impose upon Colonial shipping, through the medium Oleoyd’s and other insurance offices.

Lloyd’s, in order to compete with British ships ; and in or. ‘dcr that they may be fit to receive A 1, they mltst incur an additional expense off-2'2 a ton. After four years they lose their claim to A l, and are placed on A 2, which causes an additional 2 per cent. premium on their height, and finally drives them out of'the market.

M. H. Perley, Esq. moved, seconded by Mr. W. Emslie and supported by ,Mr. S. M. Chainberlnin,——“ That the Com: inittee do forthwith prepare a Petition to the Provincial Le- gislature,praying that body to adopt such a Scale of Duties as will give just and equal protection to all classes of Her Majesty’s Subjectp, and lead to the development of the ex- tensive and valuable resources ofNew Brunswick.” Mr. Pei-Icy remarked—such a measure as the establishment of this Association has long been needed, and is now pressed upon us, so that we can no longer resist.— We must call out for protection—equal protection. Mr. Perley called the at- tention of'the Meeting to the Trades’ Processions at the lav- ing of'the corner stone of the Hall of the Mechanics’ Insti- tution, and on the occasion of the visit of'the late Lord Sy- _denhum, then Governor General.-—There were present on

Mat K

Our ships, said the Chairman, must receive the A 1 of

guests. ’ i

I those occasions about 1400 well fed and well clad men—43f whom 300 were Tailors—ofthese 300 there are now but 1‘2 first class and 16 second class-Tailors in the City ofSt. JOIN)- __Where, in the short space of three years, have these 270 gone? On the same occasion there were 200 Cordwniners present; ofthese there are now in the City but 25journey- men, moderately employed, and 20 working at cheap work. There were likewise about 300 House Joiners present, 0f whom scarcely a trace is new to be found. Looking at the number of consumers here lost, can we wonder that the price of farm produce is so universally depressed. The bone and smew of this country are' gone to enrich our foreign neighbours. Mr. Perl‘ey next alluded to the timber bade—Large parties, he said, had this season, left the Res- iigouche and its neighb‘mirhood, for the country of the Upper SL'John, which he described as being alive with lnmberers, who have received all their supplies from Canada and the United States, and ardengaged in wastefully cutting our Timber, to be brought to St. John next spring, probably to the extent of 125.000 tons,nnd hence to be shipped in. Eng- lish vessels, supplied in England with foreign provisions. 'I‘hus,snid lie,our valuable White Pine Forests are rapidly

and how, under such a state of wholesale destruction of our resources, can we expect to prosper. Ifone fourth of the men from the Restigouche could be prevailed on to go to the lumber camps, one fourth to prosecute the fisheries, and the remaining half to ti l the ground, to raise food/for the others, then might ‘we expect better times—the result of a proper application of the industry of the country—Mr. Pei-Icy con- cluded by urging the claims of'the Association upon the sup- port ofall classes.

The Hon. L. A. Wilmot, who was present, having been called upon by the Meeting, made some appropriate remarks on the objects of the Association, which were received with much applause. . ~

We: a}

, .,,..

detaitia‘t macaw.

SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 10, 1844.

PROVINCIAL PARLIAMENT.

LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL L—Thursday, Feb. 8, 1844. The Hort. Ma. YOUNG laid before the House the Impact Accounts for the District of Crapaiid.

The HON. MR. YOUNG, from the Committee appointed to examine into and report upon such Laws as are near ex- piring, presented to the House the report of the Said Committee. ‘ .

Before the House resolved itselfinto a‘Committee ofthe whole on the said Report, it was observed, that their usual practice had been not to go into any coustderation ofthe Re- port on expiring Laws before they were sent up in Bills, for their renewal, by the House of Assembly; but that this me e had been a waving of'their privileges by the House.

Message flamflis Excellency—The Hon. Mr. l-Iaviland, by command of His Excellency, laid before the House, Copies ofseveral Despatches, &.c., on various subjects—the princi- pal of which will be found in our fourth page.

On motion, it was ordered, That a Committee be appointed to prepare and bring in a Bill to continue and ‘ltlneDtI the Act to establish an additional Term of'the Supreme Court, and to extend the Hilary and Trinity Terms for Queen’s County. (The amendments contemplated in this Act, the Reporter understood to be at the suggestion of the Hon. M r. Brecken, who observed that the right to originate such Bills was a privilege Oftlic House of Lords.) .

Protection of our Fisheries—The HON. M a. YOUNG rose to propose that a Committee should be appointed, tojoin a Com— mittee of'the House of Assembly, to prepare ajoint Address to - His Excellency the Lieutenant Governor, upon the an- swer from Lord Stanley to the jomt Addres of this Legis- lature, praying Her Majesty to cause an armed Steamer to be stationed off this Island to protect the local Fisheries from the encroacliineiits of the Americans, and that the House of Assembly be requested, by Message, to join in the said Ad- dress. Iii doing so, the Hon. gentleman dwelt, for aisbort time, on the obviou necessity ofsome more efficient pro- tection being extended to our Fisheries than they at present receive; which, he thought, could result only from the em- ployment ofan armed Steamer. which might give chase to the interloping Yankees, and follow them into the harbours to which they now retire on the approach ofnny of our war— vessels employed to restrain their encroachments. The Hon. gentleman adverted lo the fiict, that, although the Go- vernment of Nova Scotia now maintains two or three armed cruisers, each season, at an expense of£800 or £1,000 per annum, their services were found to be inefiicient. From the loftyy‘igging ofsucli vesels, be said, the iiitruders, as he was given to understand, could perceive their approach at a dis- tance of4 or even 6 miles; which it fleet 0t them no sooner did, than, with all haste, they made for the neighbouring harbours, whither, perhaps, it was impossible for our crui- sers to follow them, and where, at times, it was, moreover, running a risk of violating a treaty to interfere with them. Were an armed Steamer employed, these difficulties would be got over, as her powers of pursuit would enable her to take the ofi‘enders, as it were,’in the very act.