.

NQVEMBER 24. .1952

TH: ' GUARDIAN. WN.

THECED UCA TIONAL HORIZON

PRESENTING NEWS AND VIEWS or INTEREST To Tsacnslss AND nu. ornsss ss:ssuNo IMPROVEMENT IN EDUCATION

RECRUITMENT AND SELECTION OF (Continued) 4

standards Contribute To Teacher Shortage

"But, you ask, how can you raise standards when there is al- ready such a teacher shortage? My answer is that probably the teacher shortage now exists be- cause of our low standards which have discouraged able students from entering the profession. Scores of university students have laid me they would like to teach

Low .

but were forced to decide upon

nther vocations because of the

low educational standards in the

teaching profession. "The short term measures re

sorted to by all provincial govern- ments, have killed the prestige of leaching. Individual teachers gain, prestige because of their person- ality and proficiency "but prestige does not necessarily come with qualified teachers are doing their profes- Their ef- forts are being nullified by those who hold certificates but cannot The Canadian public must be told and made to understand that there are two groups of pea- today, holders

certification. Canada's

sional job well indeed.

teach.

pie in charge of schools teachers and certificate who are not teachers.

"I suggest that provincial gov- ernments should set a standard nf education and competence bas- rd on requirements such as those

TEACHERS

the one-year certification pro- gramme had test scores below that of the weakest student in the B. Ed. programme. The med- ian score of the degree programme students was 495 above that of freshman students in other facul- ties: that of the one-year stu- dents, Mix. below it. In this in- stance, low entrance requirements attracted students of low ability while high standards appealed to the more intelligent.

"There is evidence that the long ""86 Policy of raising standards of entrance. training and (331111. lcation would in time bring into the teaching profession many cap- able boys and girls who now turn to other vocations. At least 2595; of today's candidates for teach- ing certificates should be refus- ed admission to any training col- lege. The economic interests of "115 KFDUD are now given more consideration than are now the rights of school children. of 1767 students registered in teach- er training classes in 1947. 23 per cent said they were candidates for certification because (1) They wanted to earn some money; (2) They wanted to earn money to finance their training for some vocation other than teaching; (3) Thfy thought teaching easy and the holidays ions: (4) It doesn't cost much to qualify for a certif-

2. What new ,roblems of gov- ernment arose with the coming of the Loyalists? y

Until the Loyaiists came to Canada French-speaking colonists were by far in the majority. but the Loyalists changed it to I largely English-speaking country. The Quebec Act in many ways was no longer suitable, as it, did not provide for an assembly. The Loyalists were accustomed to self-' government and English institu- tions.

3. Give the provisions of the Act which was designed to solve these problems. '

To meet these changed condit- ions the Constitutional Act was passed in 1191. Canada was di- vided lnto Upper and Lower Can- ada. The government was to con- sist of (1) s Governor-General appointed by the Crown; (2) a Lieutenant - Governor for each province appointed by the Crown; (3) a legislative council appoint- ed by the governor for life; (4) an executive council appointed by and holding office at the govern- or's pleasure; (5) a legislative as- sembly elected by the people for a term of four years. In both provinces there would be British Criminal Law. in Upper Canada British civil law and in Lower Canada French civil law. Prev- ious guarantces of religious free-

FOREIGN SENTENCES

i dom were renewed and clergy re- serves wero established for the support of the Protestant Church.

4. What problems did 'this Act create or leave unsolved?

The boundary line caused hard- ships to Upper Canada. The duty paid at Montreal was not fairly apportioned between the two prov- inces until the Canada Trade Act was passed in 1822. The new sys- tem of government was supposed to be an exact copy of the Brit- ilh; in reality it gave represent- ative but not responsible govern- ment and this defect led to s ro- bellion in 1837. Bitter strife raged over the Clergy Reserves as all Protestant denorninstions claimed a yhare. Moreover these lands separated and hindered ost- tlements.

,A Family Compact arose in Up- per Canada and s Scotch Party in Lower Canada. who practically ruled the country in their own in- terests. The French went their own way and the English went theirs without an opportunity of working together and gradually becoming a distinct and united people. The result was much dis- cord and distrust between the two races due to differences of language. customs, law, religion and ideals.

The Act of 1791 contained many seeds of serious trouble.

AND runasns

x.

I have enumerated and then re- llcaie: (5) Teachers are paid good English: - 6. Combien en voulcz-vous? , fuse to certificate anyone who salaries: and (6) Entrance re- 1- I am hiinlZl')'- . 7- E555-VOUS miililde? fails to meet those standards. quirements are low. Some stu- 2. What time is it? 8. Pardonnez-moi. Of course, the schools must be dents said they could not gain 3- Yet 9- B01110!"- kept in operation. How is this to entrance to any other profession 4., I understand 10. Au revoir. he done? It's quite simple. Cer- because of their low academic 5. No. 11. Tel soil. lifieate those who meet the stand- StBYIdinZ- V 6. How many do you want? 12. Il fait beau temps. ards set and then, to the extent "The procedures suggested 7. Are you ill? , German: that a teacher shortage develops, would result in teacher selection 8- Excuse me- Y 1- Ich bin lumsris. give permission to other persons on the basis of education, intel- 9- Good day. 2. Wieviel uhr ist es'. to substitute temporarily as teach- licence. personality. character and 10- Good-bye 3. Ja- prs, in mi; way supervisors, interest in the attainment of 11. I am thirsty. 4. Ich verstehe. Grade X and XI students, elderly high standards. The evidence 12. The weather is S004 5- Neill- houggwiveg and other; will be available to date indicates that ef- French: - 6. Wie vlele wolien sie? p brought into the schools until aactlvg scientific methods of seiec- 1. J'al faim. - 7. Sind sie krank? It's a story you can be W ' such time as the teacher short- on ave not been discovered. 2. Quclle heure est-ii? 8. Verzeihen Sic. - , - nk mode ms age can be corrected. "In this Paper I have argued 3. out. 9. Guten tam proud of because it's about the LoANs'Dum;g me ye"y;uy,?:::a.nd industnplyi

”The net result would he bet- for a new emphasis upon teach- 4. Jo comprends. 10. Auf Wiedersehen. , ti"l"53",d5 "f mm m. f wt kind 1. go tor than what we have now. er selection. for higher standards 5. Non. 11. Ich bin durstig. ' money you have 0l'l deposit at the enterprises for production o . Z lumbemm There twouilil the hman); sbhoois it; ihtel Droyessiten and for better 12. Das wetter ist gut. B fM Th h h B k farmers. Sshermcn. oiti. IeI:!e5n.ofmei::ryvcamng uki withou rea eac ers or, some e uca on or anadian children. , O . tou outt e ear out an Ind ranc ers - to CI 11. I ' time but: everyone would know Certain long-term methods of at- EINE REISE NACH DEUTSCHLAND g y ,y go Provincial and Municipal Governments and how many teachers were avaii- iairllng these goals have been sug- (Continued) keeps that money hard at W0t'i(- school Dgsu-ms, A: the end of October. 3 '05 M able and the real shortage would gested. What would be their et- ' ' ' - i loans amounted to s712.179.tl46- the highest be apparent. The lowering of feet? Probably these: , Der vater ging in die Stadt Dampfcr. Die Reise dauerte eine expanding, improving and pioneering ( fp min the him,” of (he Bank. uandards wouldn't fool the public "(ii The term 'teacher' would und Kaufte Faiirkarten fur die Woche. Nach elner Woche kamen i," 5"

my longer.

inefficient substitutes. Raise The Standards

id,

"The raising of standards would larger wumber of capable, ambitious high select High stand- In the

nave another result. A

lchool graduates would teaching as a career. nrds attract able students. ifniverslty of Alberta in there were two avcnlles education to certification. first-, only two senior matrlculo lion credits were required those students wishing

1945

completion of a gramme;

matriculation admitted to the B

Ed. undergraduate programme. In- teliigence test scores were avail- able for 226 students beginning the one-year programme. for 144 first-year B. Ed. students and- for the entire freshman student body ice.

numbering 1136.

Desiring teachers for iheir children they would not be latisfied with unqualified. untrain-

through In the

of to quai- lfy for an interim certificate upon one-year Hiro- in the second, complete

acquire a new meaning; (2) The public'would learn to distinguish between teachers and mere cer- tificate holders: (3) The number of teachers available and the ex- isting shortage at any given time would not be a matter of opinion; the facts would speak for them- selves: (ii) The public would be- come interested in the problem of public education; (5) The rights . of children would no longer be treated as of less importance than the selfish, economic interests of those who wish to use teaching as a. temporary stepping stone to a career; (6) The quality of teach- ing would improve and with this improvement would come a de- crease in the number of drop-outs . from ychooi: -(7) All teachers would be both educated and train- ed. Teaching would acquire pres- tige-a prestige associated with certification; (8) Teaching would become a true in 'essional serv- Canadian children would get a better education."

”0ver 5096 of the students in . SULPHUR

At the beginning of the century. , . most entirely on foreign sources brim- stone of Sicily and the pyrites of "fool's gold". and

the United States depended

for sulphur-mainly the Spain. Pyrites or are compounds of sulphur various metals, chiefly tron.

American sulphur production has Today, out- put is at the rate of 6,000,000 tons A year, of which 90 per cent is ivrimstone. Present United States ample for the needs of nation's consum- ers. but it is not great enough to meet demands both at home and

rontinued to mount.

production of sulphur is

abroad.

The latest sulphur discovery. in Island Bay.

deposit at Garden near the mouth of the Mississlpp

River in Louisiana, is expected to produce half of the million-ton This is the largest single nearly

heed. sulphur development twenty years.

in

The other new brimstono-mln-

BANNQ

A battle was fought on June 24. 1314. at Bannockburn. a vii- lose in Stiriingshire. Scotland. be- tween the Scots (under Robert , English army. 'ihe English were attempting to

Ftuce) and the

in projects include an amphib- ious operation to mine sulphur from Bay Ste. Elaine, along the Louisiana Gulf Coast; the opening of a'mine in Calcasieu Parish, Louisiana; and the development of Spindletop Dome in Texas. The combined production of these three projects is expected to be about 530,000 tons a year by the end of 1952. ' Canadian industry about 511,000,000 to sulphur production. duces about-300.000 tons of the element a year and gets about 350.000 tons from the U. S. Her newsprint industry is a large sulphur consumer. Several oil companies are building plants to sulphur from natural

is spending increase its Canada pro-

I produce gas.

Other countries in which new sources of sulphur are being dc- veloped include Mexico, Colombia, the Dominican Republic, Cuba, Brazil. England, Norway, Sweden and Italy.

CKBURN

relieve their countrymen at Stir- ling Castle, to which the Scottish forces had laid siege. Though greatly outnumbered by the Eng- lish. the Scots were completely victorious.

JOHN MASEFIELD

A consecration is prefixed to the collected poems of England's Poet laureate. With great power it sets forth Mssofieid's purpose i" Sins. not about the powerful, ihe rich, and the successful, but about "the "scorned-the rejected".

"the man with too weighty .s. bur-

d"'- W0 Weary a load." There are two moods that are

ARISTOTLE

Aristotle was the greatest phil- oslpher of ancient Greece. He was born at Staglro. (in Mace- diliiillt henbo he is,sometlmes re- ierred to Is the "swim". In ,''H the lmpil of -Plato' and the glstructor of Alexander the Great.

" WOPRI. which cover politics,

I

ul. State the circumstances un- Crr which the Loyallsts came to lAI1g4ds. 1 ml ziit "ops,-third of the "'""d 1 ll to. Britain during 2” Allltzrh M iftevolution. AI My of these belonged to the 5""-'1"iiiiK class. they had been Fry harsh with their revolution-

colpn-

”l Mlshbours in the beginning

revolting colonies re-

frequently and beautifully voiced in poetry: one is the home call to peace, to quiet. and to rest. the mood of Yeats's "Lake Isle of Innisfree": the other is the mood of "Sea Fever". In "Sea Fever” Mssefteld ssllor-poet, voices with especial effectiveness the call of ships and the sea.

I

(884-322 B.C.)

literary criticism, and other sub- jects, were for centuries stand- ard authorities. and they still command attention.

Canadian Education Week, Mar. 1st to 7th, 1953.

HISTORY .-

of the war. When the tide turn- ed this harsh treatment was re- turned with interest. After the Peace of Paris the loyalists were deprived of their civic rights. Many were ducked in ponds and Home were whipped. They were given no protection when their homes were destroyed. England then offered them s refuge in

lines.

familie. Dann machten sie die Relse nach Deutscriand. Aber sie fuhren nlcht vat der Strassen- bahn, sie gilsgen auch nlcht 7.u fuss, sondern sie fuhren mlt einem

1. The first European to see the Pacific was T. 2. Yucatan was discovered in 1517 by -. 3. The fifth largest country in the world

is -:. The fourth largest country in the world is --. 5. Brazil was discovered by -- in

1500. 6. In southwestern Alberta the chief industry is --. 7. -- and :- are mined in the Fiin

Flon and Sherrit-Gordon area. 8. The largest city of the prairie (Canada) is ---. 9. The term- inus of t e Hudson Bay Railway is -. 10. The Welland Canal ex- tends from -- to --. 11. Fort William is situated at the mouth of - river on Lake Superior. 12. Lake St. John is drained by the - river. 13. The largest cot- ton mills in Canada are at --.

About two per cent of.the na- tional income was spent on ed- ucation in 1948. This is less than the people of Canada spend on liquor or on cigarettes alone. It is a relatively insignificant partlof the cost of living.

Our children and future citizens deserve far more consideration than this. The school's equipment, buildings and teachers form the most important part of the child's environment at the age when his whole character. abilities and out- look are being moulded.

It has been said that Canada has boundless natural resources. Our nation's future depends. therefore, on the wise use of these resources by our other great asset-our people. Developing the abilities and character of our fu- ture population must take first place among all national invest- ments. There is no other use for our taxes that brings more return per dollar expended.

Do you believe that democracy can function properly only if the

nylon is going into brushes, golf bags, flags. umbrellas and tires. One of the newer fabrics. orion, is made from chemicals taken from petroleum. It is becoming popular for suits and dresses, for the fibre resists both wrinkles and sunlight. It is also good for sweaters and military uniforms.

Among the ingredients in due- ron are hydrogen and carbon. Dacron won't wrinkle or shrink. Suits made from it may be wash- ed and then worn without press-

Yugoslsvia and Italy have been bickering over the Free Territory of Trieste for a long time. At present they seem no closer to a solution of their difficulty. Italy, seems prepared for hard bargain- ing ond Yugoslavia seems to feel it cannot ylsid.

Tito rejected the return of the entire Free Territory of Trieste to Italy in-accordance with the declaration made in March. 1948. by the -U. 8.. British and French Governments. or' the division of the territory on ethnographic

"He put forward as his position

opportunity for an adequate ed- SYNTHETICS Nylon is made from coal, air, ing. water, oil and gas. Besides stock- Like orion, dynel is made from ings. shirts, and summer shoes, petroleum. It resembles wool.

TRIESTE

sie nach Hamburg. Hamburg ist eine Stadt in Deutschland. Ham- burg ist eine Grossstadt, aber es ist nlcht so gross wie Berlin.

FILL IN THE BLANKS

14. The largest flour milling cen- tre in U. S. --. 15. The second largest copper producing country in the world is -. 16. The long- est river in the British Isles is the -. 17. The four largest trading nations of the world are 18. Simuia is the summer hill resort-in --. 19. -- is the chief source of the world's supply of teak. 20 -- is the Island of Dusky Leaves. 21. The average population density per square mile in Canada is --. 22. The average population density per square mile in United States is -. 23. Magneslte is high- iy resistant to heat and is used in the manufacture of bricks for the lining of furnaces used in the manufacture of steel. It is mined at -.

THE SCHOOL NEEDS ADEQUATE FINANIYILB (Contributed)

ucatlon is open to every citizen, rich or poor. in city or country, regardless of creed or ancestry?

Doubling Canada's budget for education is a. practical and de- slrable objective. The money is there: it simply requires fairer and more business-like distribu- tion among local, provincial and national governments. As a cit- izen you can demand this. It is your children's inalienable right to have as good an education as can be obtained anywhere in Canada. or anywhere else in the world.

The kind of a school we would like to see for rural life is one that spells ability, intelligence, and good will: For the body- power and skill; for the mind- grasp of truth and insight; and for the spirit-"Peace on earth, good - will to men." Taxation among a free people is every- body chipping in to do what no one could do alone, but which all can do together with great bene- fit to such. -

This makes it good for sweaters, work clothes. and blankets.

Vicsra is made from a corn pro- duet. Manufacturers today are combining it with nylon in the making of hosiery.

Rayon is the oldest of the syn- thotlcs. You might call it a cousin of starch and sugar. It is made from cellulose, which is related to the two foods. Wood is a good source of cellulose. Rayon is used in dresses, shirts and many other products. .

Free Territory with Yugoslav and Italian Governors alternating .for three-year terms. each to be ss- sisted by a deputy of the other power. As an alternative pos- ition, Tito proposed a truce for an indefinite period during which the Yugoslav and Italian Govern- ments woull seek to co-operate on international questions affecting the security of Europe as well as on questions affecting the two countries. such as trade.

"The Italian Government has re- jected the condominium solution and it is quite obvious that the internal political situation in Italy

the establishment of an Italian-

Canada-

Yugosls. condominium over the

does not permit the Italian Gov-

building You not you save

you also

70 A llllldll CAIADIIII

"Canadian enterprise of every description and size . . . financing Canadians of every calling and

Canada in every sense. only help yourself wbm at the B of M...

help your country.

It-luvs . ST 5 non of the 5: A, on Ways . out 1;), 2' 1" depoglxeglng a d curiueas e no, it 3987.5 5 ggckfi s he! 5,. &n:':lCh are rbttllnds .'nd save "'9'" Ci-'8 ve; ea .V zuarke 0' .6: In add- 3"-ids m" "3 pro " This 5 Uri" n' the oi” Welfall-9:” f"' the be ' mainly ,1, ids 3121 1:6 her rt term Cr - .603 in O s on in

IThese are the pages banana :5: pages of your bank book. this year. As you can see, every dollar you deposit is busy building s better future for yourself and for Csnsds.

BANK or MONTREAL &4uu(a'4 344.6

IIIOUICII-Sl,lI6,477,930

IOIKIIG Willi ll EVEIY Vllll OF lifl Silt! 1811 ” ' ' ,...;i..:.r:b.;'.-:9.-i aw .m...w' the simple reason that it has not political parties and the Italian Pisquid East Sunday, November iting their parents. Mr.and Mrs. W