/

f . one" «bailouts! Wtwlfl.

I ' ’ ' ' ' ‘ J ' "i ‘ ' i ‘ i ‘ . ' 'nd w th I faced the. river the name was been produced - and shotijdtthe country be involvedia the 1 have been the only arguments (ifsuchthey can be termvd) eXPI'eSS?d '1‘ Filed“! Barang‘hiand. WOW? ‘3‘!" (Bullying: l ma :trikilll‘g. A" hon-r ,6”, w u I lay am .Iq'u’ texpenses ofandther abortive military expedition against the ladvancedagainst my opinions. The cause [advocate is one population ol this conntry ceases toiincrease, e ., . be "9 “two, w. i A .

must be swept away before many years have expired, to, save the people lroi'n‘absolute,sturviition. ..

T.“- TENURE or L,va is. lacuna—Ilium .CDIIPIIIISSIOII , appointed to inquire into the tenure of land in tliejisler Isle;- is faithfully carried out, and iftlie reports ol'tlgat €0l.llllll'S-‘ sion are lionoprably acted upon by the Govariiim-mt, it \Vill'1 do more for the peace‘and welliire oftliat distracted couii- I

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unantryflie will know who to’blaine. loyvyne' to sliggest,lof' common justice, due to the poorer classes froni_their that the best means ofallaviug the discontent“manifestingl more affluent brethren, to whom:tboy naturally look for as: ’Itaelftliero 'will be to employ the money'designed for sup: lot-stance and protection, In all thin difficulties; and lioxieiaei porting this farcical expedition in investigating thetitles vol I disagreeable it may IIOUIU liesnlyect to uncliariiaqle reiniir s. ' 'i V ' M i i' ‘ . i ' ” ‘ I tonveveii and in ii’iv opinion so nu iecomiiigii t rti s as he an it have obtained“ at .)procesa ,so strong y.l ,, ,, , H . , '

he p. e Who, “ y" ' ” kg fl Minister of the Gospel, the sacred Interests that are said (0

aiust thetenantrv. . j. I 7 | j a ‘8 ' ' “Responsible Go- be inisapplied Vinfln-ates the only} have thus eiideavouied

Your correspondent wishes to associate ~ , ~ ' t _ vernmentwin a particular manner, with me and my family; to fulfil; and should thesa series ol letters, With their re- , ' i V ’ plies, be eventually the means of properly securiiigihe liind

‘ ’ b the diffusion ofits rinci les among the I ’ i igfahixfitsiui‘lihtay hope,tosee the “envia'lile distinction pf- in qiiestion,_l'_,shall feel myself amply repaid for ,thc unlaii‘ P; P.’ added to uur'fattiil honours.” He would pay me a treatment to which have been expoed. - . n I - ~ higher compliment than merit. To Lord John Russell, a 'lhe charge of “fawning upon the public, ,is‘almost‘ too decided libzral, belongsthe honour of originating the idea of contemptible to notice. I havesoiiglit no mans favor oi up: inapplicatiou to Colonial Governments.-It was he who pro: probation; the tenor of my letters are more likely to incur that “public 'ofiicers be‘calleilupon to retire from reproach and censure from a'imsjudgmg world; but I have a public servicp as often as any ,snflicient motives of pub- the sutLSfuclmn to know thorinany entertain similar senti- lgofiolicy'inayaug'g’ost the expediency ofthat measure;” who nicnts,anil mostardently destre n reformation in the affair. fibgh’tthat against the practice,ofgivi_ng ofice.! there 'Ihis is a'pnblic question. As such '1 have. treated III, and I ' z ‘ ' i ' ‘ shall exercise my own judgment when and in what manner

, . . . , ». '.‘ ' ‘ ob'ections ofthe rental wag. 7’ “Pd “‘9‘ ‘l _ . . . . - ,' F "t time that it different courge shoulilhe l'pllpwed.” “.I’.” Ishall appear before the community. ‘I disclaim imputi'ng V ‘ ‘ unworthy or improper motives to any one; but must innin-

" find that course prescribed in Lord Riisisell’s 'glespatch ' . ~ . ‘ tam that We all have neglected our duty; and as it is admit-

to As thegoyerii- . . . ted that we have an undoubted right to investigateinto the

to'Sii-C. A. Fitz Roy, of16tli (Japan-peso , , _ V li, while itrbas been affairs ofthis trust, it necessarily becomes our hounden duty to enforce. it.

might have so long sleptover this definite O . O ' carried into operation in the surroundingcolonies, it is time In conclusion, I may observe, that these Lands were sold in I836, and rcalised £3,900. This sum ought to have been

' [the people to claim their rights, anildemand Responai~ paid immediately into the Treasury. I'IIIS such been the

10 His assertion,that it isa “perplexed ques- cnse? Ifiiot, who has benefited by this transaction? By

.. b‘le‘ Government. I . lion in‘Nova Scotia,” is either a wanton slander, or a proof Lord Glenelg’s despatcli, dated in Beer. 1838, the proceeds of'tho Church Lands, amounting to about £3,000 (Interest

that 'Ii'o'doeauot comprehend the circnnfstances and state ,ofthfl country. That it is “exploded” in Canada, is a rack- is“ falsehood. The Governor General has declared his be- Ifo‘fof' the impossibility of governing the Colony "imp ally . _ V _ ‘ ’ other svltem. " P.” and his friends may well dread its in- not included), were directed to be appropriated to Schonls, troduction here. Under ifs iiiflueiicc their dynasty Would in connexion witlitlie Church (tlieainounitlie School Lands ' soon crumble to dust. And should itbe the means ofiny realised was about £900, for general education). It isevulent elevation to office, Islmll be,so inuclithé prpuder of the that “this fluid was properly managed during the preced— ‘ ' iiig seven years, it woiilil'liave yielded, to this period. at least £1200 interest, thus inakinga total of.€4200. At. present,l shall l'orbear entering into this question, but shall patiently await the appearance ol'an Account Current. when the se-

diatinction, that the insanswliich procured it were good. At

all events, “ P.” may rely on my adhering to the cause of crets ofthe trust (ifany really exist) will, no doubt, be brought more fully to light.

try than has ever yet'beeii contemplated by either its .‘chis-‘ lature or its most devoted advocates. Next to the :Lliurcb * (that frightful iiiculnis, which-linspmycd upon its vei'y-vitalsfl and which has convulsed Ireland to its very centre), stands the monster evil—the law (ti‘llitflllfll‘lljllul teiniiit—wliich has so subdivided and destroyed property, that it has belt to at numerous and naked population nothing but ii lew poni- toes, and those of the worst description, for their daily lood. Hence arises that constant struggle between landlord and tenant, in which the former does all in his power to obtain the highest rent, and the latter exerts all his subtlctyto evade. the iiilfilgnents of the covenants that bind him to that rent; and hence there is not to be found in Ireland that independence which makes Englishmen hap- py in their holdings» The destructive and unnatural war- fare that iscarried on between landlord and tenant is solely attributable to the tenure under which land is at present held, by which [Iledwllltll’ cultivator .of the sod has nothing for his labour but the sweat of his brow, and which does not even afford him his daily bread. Englishmen, accustomed to live under the fostering influences ofthe owners ofthe soil, can have no idea ofthe profiiless vasmlage ofthe Irish, who, although proverbially industrious and patietit,are de- prived ofthe blessings of food, tlieroinl'ort of clothing, and almost of their natural right of a roof toslielteriheuiselves from the bleak winds of heaven. The Causes ofthesc evils are many and varied, and the chief of them is, that ofthe tenants being, by the tenure oftlieir liitid, exposed to the tender mercies ofa grasping, grinding agent, who, while in power, (units tio opportunity ofconverting the tenant’s necessities lo the aggrandizeinciit oftlieir own Wealth. As soon as the 25th of' March or 29th ofSepteiiiber(which are the rent gall days) arrives, these hungry corinorants servo iiolice upon the tenants, that on such a day they will expect the rent to be paid at their offices. The unfortunate tenants are generally unprepared to meet the one-sided appouit- inents. The result is, that on the following day an attorney’s letter is sent, which is quickly followed by ii distress, and the sale ofthe farmer’s stock. This proceeding naturally reduces the tenant to insolvency, and puts it completely out ofhis poorer to meet either ofthe succeeding gales. Eject- nients follow, an “ babere” is issued, the tenant is turned out. and he sees the land which he and his ancestors cultivated late and early, pass into strange hands. the heartless agent receiving, ai a douceur, £100 or £200 from the coming-iii tenant. \Vliat follows? The murder ofeitber the agent or the new tenant, and the expiation upon the gallows ul'tlie foul crime by the execution ofthe wretcli who Was ejected, and who, driven to madness by seeing liiinsell, his wife and (family, thrown Wanderers ilpoii the Wide World, sutiates bis vengeance iii the lilood ol'his real or imaginary enemy. To these frightful and lamentable causes are to be attributed the assassinations of Messrs. Hall, Massey, and others, who, through their agents, endeavoured to enrich themselves, and their ruthless mercenaries, by trampling upon ruined cotta- ges' and broken hearts. The expiration of lenses is another quarters, heartily embrace the Church, had we more evan- frumm source organ, u, [he grinding “gems, "my o,-.,,,,e,.y gelical ministers to send among them.” . to their victims. No matter WIIII what ,care the tenant may

“ Ym” 00"”“mee """lm'w I" "ecei‘f‘? “ss‘lm'wes Imm the l have worked the land—no maticr how punctually In? may CorrespondingCoiiiiiiiitce,iiiid other lriends'on the spot,tbat i have In,” his rem, he ammo, "hm," me renew,” arms luase‘ nothing would prevent its beneficial operations, were exist- unless he is "me and willing ,0 ,my sm,“ a premium for i, ing iiizpediiiiciits removed.

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i

no oppressed teuaiitrya—the cause __of.liuin\anity and justice. Irisk all on this, and am as sure oftlieir gratitude and an

' as he and his party are of their erccralzon and 0071ch t;

' ‘ ‘ljca'nnot conclude without expressing a hope, that “ .’ ,. ' 1-!th be the better ofbis recent discharge ofinulignant feel- v’ I. x-‘lnj; al his complexion has long indicated him to be .' {admirer from the overflow of the bile. As 1 ani anxmus I promote his recovery, I entrust to you the administering

" i of tliismtic. Should its operation produce a second emis- ' film, I" shall repeat the dose. At present,’l beg leave to sub- scribe myself,

i' S.

18th Jany. 1844.

P. S.—\Vitb respect to the management or expenditure of the £900 towards general Education, this also may re- quire looking into. I trust others,' more competent than myself, will not lose sight of this subject.

To THE EDITOR or THE COLONIAL HERALD.

SIR ;——I have been much gratified in perusing the Soven'b Report of the Colonial Church Society, which has recently reached this Island. Among other interesting subjects, the following quotations are calculated to call forth greater ener- gies, on the part ofour Church, towards effectually support- ing this excellent Institution, which hitherto has been met with a spirit ofliikewarmncss, although its introduction, in the year 1840, promised its permanent establishment in this Island. '

i Your obediefit ,Servani,

yvichiau CLARK.

‘Darnley, Jany. 10th, 1844.

V -7 To in: Epi'roa or TEE CocosiaL-Hsnam.

a

Sia;—Understaniling thata portion of our community gh'ave it in contemplation to establish a District Visiting So- okay in this town, may I request your insertion of the fol- lowing extract from the Rev. C. Benson’s District ,Visuor’s fiManual, published in .1840, for their informath and guill~ Your obedient Servant, .E'qw' S B_

Influx,“ 1844. Jany. thh, 1844.

I was a father to the phor': and the cause which 'Iknew not I searched ooh—Jon xxxix. 16. ‘ '

4.1 Inquiry , concerning flu formation of District Visiting " ~ » f . 1 Societies, amwered.

A! the folio ing questions, proposed by a correspondent, "late to adififgultyyhich has no doubt often presented it- fltslf'tothc clergy, on entering a new parish, we have givan thorn, with the answer, at 'leiigtli,,iuiil hops both will be found useful under similar circumstances :—

‘ “May I take the liberty of putting a question, which I abaaldbe very glad if you would answer? What is your

“ {LA .5. ‘ a!" 4...?“ ""- gqiensng a parish

in which_ he can find very few,.'oriioua, fit to be visitors? I: there any good (lullaby appointing persons ,to deliver tractl who are no! various? In case none Were to be found, would you recommend any Society being established ,unti "some change was perceptible? In case ofone or two, would “you advise a'pofli'on of the parish being coimnjtted to their handafaml inure being added as you could find serviceable ' mention? I rather incliue’to this latter plan ; because, il'in orderlto sweep a parish you put any persons in thi- plaice ol .visitora whoseheatt is not occupied in their work, man al- 'though you inight‘ light upon more proper person afterwards, it isaxceedingly‘di cultto get rid of those whom you have v {already outplayed? ‘

“I have reason to believe that Dissenters would, in many

, . ‘ , _ as is offered by another. He deiiiiirs to the terms. Then “ ’lhe I’N’l’Ie "re ""X"’”5 I" hav“ fimm'" “lergW'mn and 1 follows an cjectiiient upon title, accompanied by all its her-

Pl'ms C'uechlsm ""d S"“"”'“"“‘“‘*"S' Tim-V “'1’ .‘V'llmg ‘0 . roi's, which fill the cruel agent’s pockets with gold, while it “Olllrlbuw' {0" these l""'l’°5"3~ “"‘l genefllny “‘75!” ‘io 5”” i locks up in a dungeon the wretched ejected tenant. Ilow the Colonial Cliurcli Society assume a holder position. ,.,,,, ,,,.,,,.e__,,ow can ,nd,,,,,,.v__l,m,. ,.,,,, lumnv he expeumd

“ A l’l‘l’lic Meeti'm (“the “WW”? 0‘ me Soc'my '9'“ "i' ' in a land where such brutnf atrocities Itl‘e'llelzllell'tiI-HI and candy licTiTin tlio 'CouhL‘ll Chamber In Charlottetown, Ills Excellency the Governor in the chair, and attended by the Cliichnslit-e and SEVBI'HI Members ofthe Legislature. Very dccided Resolutions were unanimously mlopled. Ilis.Ex- celiency pointed out, in elegant :IIHIAIllI'l'iIlle language, both the futility of the objections made I?) the introduction ol'n new Society into the field of Colonial dcslitution, and the claims ofllie Clilf)llllll,_CIllll'f'Ii Socicty upon the regard and ‘ support oftlic Mcinbcrs ofoiir l‘liurcli.

“ Fully participating in the anxiety felt in Prince Edward l Island, that an increased number nl Ulcrgytncn should be} . , uwmimvd‘ yum. (30,,”me prmululy reflmmlm ,0 “m Rum. 1 men are on the uatch IUI- its siidilciily breaking up. lutions ol the Meeting, by offering to nice-t Colonial slillsl'rlp-l lions of£100, for any destitute mid defined locality, \\'llll an i equal sum—to be continued annually, so long as the. meet- ing demanded it, and the funds of the Society enabled your Colnlllil‘tce to make the grant. is anxiously expected. ,

“ The humble labours of Mr. Brooks, the Society’s ilevo- l tcd Cutechist and Scliooliiiaster at Murray Harlionr,_.in this Island, have been very satisfactory. Testimony has been borne to his irreproachablecliaracter from different quiirters.”

are sanctioned by law? Facts will on another occasion prove that these appalling statements are not idle llSreI‘lIOllS, but that they are a part and parcel ofthe fi'ightful picture ‘W‘Ilicll Ireland at this moment. presents. They are limits iWIliifh, without the slightest expectation of redress, are, with, 'a blind stupid desperation, driving.l tlié Irish into all the ris'ks and dangers of iiiipi'isoiiiiiei-t, banishment and death.

BREAKING up or 'rnr. Ica IN THE Nscxan.-—\Vlien n tlinw coincs,altcl‘ a long frost on the large rivars, the boat— For days it will be all still,.iiiid as ifapparcntly it would last for ever; but the practical eye of the Waterman knows- when it I will suddenly take its departure. “The ice will go iii-night,” ltbey say; for it is a very singular fact, that it almost invaria- The result ohms Novas“, lily goes in the night, and generally about twelve o’clock.

,It is said that, by referring to the files of newspapers where

the breaking tip ofilie ice is each vear recorded, it is found

that regularly in 20 times it breaks,in iii the Rhine, 19 of them are in the. night. The boatnieii on the Neckar, after the severe frost of l840, accordingly, one night, when the thaw had continued some days, said, “ It will go to~niglit.” To our eyes there appeared no more likelihood that) there had done on the first day ofthe thaw. All was one hard surface of ice. No water had flowed over it; and one could ntsunset have ventured to walk across it. But when it be- came dark, torches were seen flaring here and there, along the banks of the Neckar, especially by the city, where the houses and inills might be endangered by a sudden breaking loose, and as sudden rising ofthe flood; for the Neckar, ly- ing in a deep valley, and running for forty or fifty miles along it, with a high and mountainous country on each side, rises rapidly sometimes after heavy rains, or adeep snow, fol- lowed by a rapid thaw, to thirty or forty feet; and marks may be seen on many of the houses showing the height to which it rose iti certain years. The highest of these is one accompanying the breaking up of the ice in 1784, and is on the second story of the houses, about twenty feet above the road, which road is as high again above the ordi- nary level oftlie river. When one of' these sudden floods accompanies the breaking-up ofan ice perhaps two feet thick, the spectacle is perfectly sublime. The solid mass, heaved by the water, which is driven like a mighty wedge beneath, rifts and explodes as with the reports of cannon. The huge masses ofice are tossed up by the torrents that ruin from beneath them, and, rearing their sharp crystaliseil edges against each other, grind and roar, like lions in com- bat with tigers. The whole scene, that a few‘minules be- fore was silent and motionless, becomes one chaos ofconfu- sion, uproar, the crushing ofconflicting, and grinding of furious and vast sheets of ice against each other. There is a rush and sough of waters all in activity. It is as if they had sprung at once from a long sleep, and awoke not only with their old voice, but with a hubbub of strange sounds both from their own bed and from the men on the banks. As these tremendous blocks of'ice are thus rushing down the river—and many of them are carried out by their own mutual violence upon the banks—they would, if .not guarded against, do infinite damage, crushing limits, smash- ing mill-works, and tearing away every thing that obstructed them. A constant and anxious watch becomes necessary. A man from each village or town is ready, at the first glimpse of its breaking up, to ride to the next place, giving the alarm aslie goes, by crying aloud, “The ice goes! The ice goes I” The people all flock to the river side;guns are fired, and tor- ches appear in eVery direction. The boatmen get their ves- Scls, which happen to have been frozen up, dragged out of the waters; and along the streets rftowns, men and boys in crowds stand with poles, ready to push nan the blocks that threaten damage; and if the waters appear likelv to rise rapidly, to be in readiness, many of them, to get-the goods out of their houses, into numbers of which it will flow. Imagine at the same moment this scene of excitement ex- tending along the banks ofthe grpat rivers of Germany and oftbeir tribiitariesl—and what iin'aniinated ideal On the night, then, on whicli'tlie boatiiian prognosticated the going

_ - Answer: “The. questions you have proposed, as to the employment pfpersons as District .Visitors who are not serious, are im- T'portant. And as it has oftenbcen putto the Committee be- fore, thoyfwould offer to you the same opinion they have given toolbars, wliich'is, in fact, to' adoptjhclatter of the ‘two planfl'that have presented themselves to your own mind, ‘audyatherto begin with a'portion ,oftlie parish, and add to gtbo districts and visitors, as suitable persons can be called into action, than to have the whole pro-occupied by those whose spiritual qualifications are not satisfactory.”

PRICE AT \VIIICI'I \VHE:\'[‘ CAN B

AMERICAS

(From the Liverpool Times.)

The following estimate ofthe extent ofthe wheat-growing capabilities ofthe United States, and of the price at which that description of' grain can be grown in that country, is from the pen ofa gentleman who has made the corn trade‘ of America his study and business for between thirty and forty years. Ifit is at all near the truth, it proves that the hopes entertained by some parties, and the fears felt by others, of'nn immense extension ofthe corn-trade of America, are very ill-founded. The ‘writer, after examining the re- sults ofthe last two or three harvests, and showing how little foundation there was for he reports of'n great annual surplus of” wheat, which have from time to time (and especially after last harvest) been published in the American papers, ob- servest— ,

“Veryerroneous estimates have been made abroad, as well as at home, ofthe capacity and disposition oftbis coun- try to extend the culture of wheat, and the idea is constantly held up in England, by the advocates ofthe Corn Laws, that iftliese are abolished the United States will inundule Eng- land with wbeat at any price she will pay for it.

“The price ofong dollar per bushel in the Atlantic cities is not considered more than reriiiinerative, nor is wheat es- teemed a profitable crop by the farmers at less than a dollar and twenty-five cents. The reason is evident. Not only does it require more labour and better tillage than Indian corn, but 'it ' is n for more ,unceriain crop ; experience having proved that a general good cr0p cannot be expected in more than one out of' four years—perhaps the average of the last fifty years will go nearer to one in five. This is suf- ficient to account for the fact, well ascertained, that wheat does not increase in the old States pro rala with the popu- lation, but that these already have ,to rely on the west for a part of their consumption. In the west, there must be an increase every year to meet not only this demand from the old States, biit also to feed a population at home, increasing in the Mississippi Valley at the rate ofeiglity per cent. in ten years, and a lurgc proportion of that increase not in the whea‘t districts. IfGreut Britain will abolish her Corn, Laws, and guarantee filly-five shillings per quarter for ten years, for wheat delivered at her seaport towns,it might have some influence to extend its culture on this side; lint below that price our export will he very small, as it always has been, unless after unusually productive crops. And should the popiilatipn of Great Britain continue to increase in the same rate as: since the year 1800, she'will be compelled, by the actual want ofbreail grain, to abolish her Corn Laws within ten years, and to grant bout-ties, to obtain ‘a regular supply of bread before twenty years. For at the termination ofthat period, without any allowanco for unfavourable crops, the population will be spelt, that English soil cannot l'urpjsli us with food ofall kinds.” ' “