G

THE MARCH OF SCIENCE

Stars Begel More Stars

By ALTQN L. BLAKESLEE

PASAIJENA, Calif. IAPI-Some ...irs apparently are steadily in- creasing the stardust necessary to beget new young daughter stars

Nzwcsgctnf gigs. lei-i-,lM”"dlY. Nov.5.1956 Ihgqmdkmh.

iDsnny Wo , 21 . I ll." ".2"."iavcyi31'”'ie55"3ti5 i 5f?t3'w:-t.'.. l:::''::'. 3.1. t:'..''"'......:---.. '9' vans in the Quebec signed with the somnicsl iuv is s ssuv I , A - e of Howard, sus,

Other Canadian Mine Disasters

By THE CANADIN PBE88 IpringlIlll.e5i.S.. where ll nfen, . were remrt trapped in a mine theory that the ifnlterbe began new .13., 3., ,,,a,,,,,,- Thursday night following an moi lrsbito ftive billion years ago with, our eanh could ha” a . . ' a” ”' W "W" "I 0n9Jfot'nied at least half a billion mi

primeval central atom. That - r - . plosion S" poled” mmanuy Ci:-p a billion years after the universe.

ploslon. was the scene of one of the. worst mining disasters in Canadian history when 125 men were killed in 1891.

and plan," mm earth. med w he 11 ..al , itself began. Some of the earlier C It g

And some stars in the heaven: from which slailmk deelnelmi 45”” could have "Wu H” ch”m'i Ind! nu h?1eu!ru' om rm

3" P3"e”'ical'elements found th 3” mm” 5 "'1" J'"'

may be second or third genera- came. Th M I ,d "” '" d- h l 14, 1961, when to men died in so e is o evt enca towar t is

tiou offspring of old or dead invis- ible stars.

The stars and universe perhaps began out of simple clouds of hydrogen, the simplest element of aU. Then stars themselves cre- ated the rest of the kinds of atoms that make up the earth- and youl-and younger stars. NEW THEORII-25

These are parts of a new theory of the origin and life of the universe. Evidence to support it is coming from new studies by as- tronomers and nuclear SCIEIIIISLS.

This theory challenges an older

some main evidence comes from brilliant analyses of the chemical elements existing in stars. These studies find stars do vary in their chemical makeup according ml their age. masses and brightness.

Younger stars have more met- als or heavy elements than old- physicist. finds the giant red stars ones. And some giant red starsiare producing heavy elements, are manufacturing new elements, and that young stars often have especially heavy ones up to the more heavy elements than do old weight of lead. in abuntlance.l.stars. Dr. Paul Merrill discovered And they apparently are spewing.the giant red stars are making

liheory come mainly from staff scientists and visiting scientisu at the California Technology and the Mount Wilson and Palomar Observatories.

Dr. Jesse L. Greenstein. astro-

ihese new elements out into vast lcchnt-uum. a hen vy, highly dust and gas clouds in space This ratliuat-live element not found on could be the stardust to makelearth

.

NEWSY

By J. A. Clark. D50.

F

C.G.l.T. COLUMN

NOTES

AMMONIA

CANADIAN PRODUCTION

Institute of

ON EUROPEAN TRAINING CRUISE

AB Leroy Vessey, of Dunstaff

- Escort Squadron, currently on .

explosion in the Mcgregor mine at Stellarton. .8

Other major mine disasters in- Canads: l

1m-so killed at Drummond eolliery in Nova Scotla. I

I800-44 killed in Albion Ming, Stellarton.

llfl-117 dead in No. Nanaimo. B.C

IUD-60 killed by gas explosion. at Wellington. B.C. E

IIOS-I25 killed by gas explosion at Coal Creek. B.C l

IIM-193 killed in mine explo-i slot: at I-Iillcrest. Alta.

lIl'I-65 killed at New Water- ford, N.S

ms-as killed at Stellarton l B1880-45 killed at Bake Burn.

.C p

I mine.

GREAT BRIDGE The suspension bridge over the Straits of Mackinac in Michigan: to be completed in 1957. is s stone 1 and steel link stretching 26.444,

I

. , .

nage, P. E. I.. is seen placing a decorative cover over the barrel of a squid mounting in HMCS Al- gonquin. The destroyer escort is senior ship of the Canadian First

training cruise lu I-England. Ire- land. France. Portugal and the Azores. The squadron Will return to Halifax late lfl November. (Nat- lona, Defence Photo.

- ..v 1 H Mk "III Before World War II, there were It .32 rewofiilefliical :uui”"'Y W" '""',',”"'" I”,”"” '"T””' ” - . M.-ration in Cnna I; I p ant at or- gieuntilgleng; onto using ammonia liquor from

the gas works; the pioneer syn-

t . Cherish llealth - Seek Truth 9"

- Know God - Serve Others. These are the four parts to the

W -1

stances known lo Pliny referred to

More money to spent. as you go along!

name of "vcht-mcnt odor", whichl hr matte by mixing lime with mi-l trum tprobably sal aiiinioniacki Thu name ammoniia was derived from its being obtained from :31, 'nnim0nIac. ulttch was first procur-l ed by heating: the manure fromi camels in Libya. near the temple of Jupiter Ammon. It was also known as ltartshorn and its pun- izcnt odor was once familiar in. -mt-llint: salts. cleaning powders and in horse stables that were not itmintained in a sanitary condi- lion.

In I910 the priiiclpal source of ammonia was the destructive dis- nllastion of coal in producing gas. It was also procured from blast- furnaces and paraffin works. The watery fluld obtained during the purification of this gas. contain- ed ammonia. which was separat- ed by adding hydrochloric acid. fnrming a compound called chlor- ide of ammonia. This was dried by evaporation. and when mixed with its own weight of slaked lime in s retort. with gentle heat, the ammonia as I gas was given off and received in a vessel contain- ing water. One volume of water at 3' deg. F. dissolved 1.050 volumes of ummontacsl gas. This hurtshorn or what chemists call liquor ain- mnninc. contains 32 per cent by weight of gas which has a dens- ity of .891 bring lighter than water.

This solution of ammonia is tran-

arcnl, colorless and is strongly; alkaline. It bu an acrld caustic taste and a very pungent odor. Witt-n exposed to air. the ammonia ('s't'at)DS and the solution beromee wt-.1kcr- It freezes at - 40 deg.I-K Hwn in a gaseous condition it is generally combined with water, and has the following formula NH: H20. when freed from water the formula of ammonia is NH3. best this form is liqutfled under res- surc and cold. it yields a clear, colorless, mobile liquid. with its tungent odor and other character- Itttlc intensified.

AMMONIA SALTS

A in combines with acids to form a number of salts. among othcrs: ammonium sulphate. am- monium nitrate, ammonium phos- phate and other ammonium salts and liquors which are used in the mnlting of the so-cnlled mixed fer- tilisers for farm use; their por- portions of nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potassium being indicat- ed in that order as "6 - 10 - I" and en forth.

INCREASED DEMAND

In former times the actual a- mount nf ammonia used was com- paratively small. It was when the great demand for nitrogen sroee for fertilizers to Increase plant growth and for the manufacture of explosives before and during World War I. that the prime im- portance of ammonia was recog- nized in that it contained nitrogen, an inert gas. which became avail- able for many useful purposes twhen combined with hydrogen It forms ammonia.)

Four fifths of the air about no is nitrogen, and nitrogen is essen- flat to plant growth. but In this state. only I few plants. "I05"! legumes can secure any of this nitrogen. and they get only a small quantity through the action of bac- terial root nodules which break down to produce ammonia. We speak of nitrogen being "Fixed" to becon-I readily assimilated by plants; t is means that nitrogen must be joined by some other ele- ment. Llghtnlng also causes fixa- tion. but the amount supplied by these natural processes does not begin to supply modern agricultur- al needs or those of war of in- dustry. Until early in the mth cen- tury, the re-qutn-rne'nt of nitrogen for agriculture and in the mak- lns of explosives was almost en- tirely mct by the importation of Chile Saltpeter tsodlullf nitrate), and there was little demand for ammonla the combination of nif- rolfn tNIlI.v.

8YN'I'IIl'I'IC AMMONIA It was In III! that liner and catalytic

rn Lin: plant that used Hov- er's process started overnliol II any is ms, and by 101! Ger

thetic plant at Windsor and the Consolidated Mining and Smelt- ing Corporation Plant at Trail. 8. C. Some other steel plants had re acted ammonia liqunr, from coke oven operations that by adding sulphuric acid made ammonium sulphate.

During the war, three new plants to manufacture ammonia were built in Canada: at Welland. ('al- gary gnd Trgil, and since that time a plant has been built at Sarnia. A new plant is now being eret't."d at Millhaven, Ontario, by (Kin In- dustries Ltd. tC-I-L.l, which will have a capacity production of 200 tons of ammonia per d8.V. The demand is such that other plants are likely to be constructed in the near future. Ammonia has thus joined the great chemical "work horses" of Industry (caustic soda. sulphuric acid, chlorine and a few othersl.

NIW USES

Ammonia is now used in impor- tant developments in the petroleum industry. Organic compounds of ammonia are used to help take sulphur out of Alberta gas. It is used to improve synthetic deter- gents. Dry batteries require am- monium chloride. In galvanizing metals, ammonia products are us- ed as fluxes. The bakeries are using ammonium carbunatcs to make soda biscuits. in the mak- ing of nylon stockings. ammonia is used. Many other uses could be mentioned. but the two com- paratively new methods that have been largely responsible for the building of the latest ammonia.

The first is in connection willi a method of inciting or dissolving metals from their ores. such as copper and nicltle- This process is used by the Sherrict Gordon Mines at Fort Saskatchewan. Al- berta. in their nickel refinery. the ammonia used for this purpose is eventually used to produce a by-product. mmonitim sulphate an agricultural fertilizer. Natural gas is used to supply the hydrogcn. the nitrogen is taken from the air

and the ammonia required by thei

Shsrrlct Gordon plant is so great that they have built a 75-ton-a-day day plant right by their refinery. This work Is based on a discovery made by Prof. Forward of the Uni- versity of British Columbia.

The second rcason is connected with the exported use of ammon- la In the Canadian sulphide pulp Industry. It has been found that Jack pines can be more easily han- dled with lcss waste and at a low- er cottt than with former methods. Ammonia was first used for this purpose In I902. There has been a limited amount of ammonium sulphide pulp made commercially since I986. Rising costs have led the 'ndustry to seek new means of economy by lowering cooking temperatures and shortening cook- ing cyclel: ammonia forms a very promslng means of dnlntt this. All these outlets have given Immonla production a dramatic and unprecedented development.

RECORD HEIGHT

Record altitude for a manned balloon is 72,395 feet by a helium-

Canadiau Girls In Training Pur- pose and these topics will be sub- ijects for discussion at Fall Rallies held in November. On Saturday

November 10 from 9.15-6.30 p.m.1

a C. G- 1. T. Rally will be held at Bedeque United Church for lead- ;ers and girls in Western Queens and Prince Counties. WorshiP. gamcs, sing-song, crafts and dia- icussions will form the program lWl1IL'lI ends with a box-lunch sup- per. - i For those in Eastern Queens and Kings Ctiuntlefplanl are in the making for a Rally possibly on Novembcr 17. Futher informat- ion will be forthcoming so girla.l i plan to attend! .LEAD!-IRS A leaders gel-together is plan-I nod for 2-3.30 pm. at the Bedeque

Rally. See you there! Mrs. Lloyd

Archer is directing the Bedeque lRally and Mrs. Robert Acorn the Eastern one. Mnna Mayhew, Nat- ional Camper and Jean Murray or lI)ianne Jenkins, Comp Councillors 1 will report at the Rallies.

UNITED CIIARLOTTETOWN Mrs. Robert S. Acorn is the leader of the Intermediate Group land the officers are: president. hloan Cudmore; vice president, iMyrna Caswell; secretary - true-

I urer Sandra Ash.

Miss llazel Hunter is the leader of the Senior Group the officers of which are: president Carol Thompson; vice president Marg- aret Parker: secretary - treasurer, lcarol Chandler.

l The officers of the combined qzroups as a whole are: president, Margaret Parker; vine president, ..'llyrna Caswell; secretary, Kitty litlass; treasurer. Joan Cudmore; -press correspondent. Virginia Mac

Several supper meetings have lbccn held and also a successful 1 Fall Tca on October 27- They were lalso guests of the C. G. I. T. all ,'the Baptist Church at a l-Iallowe'- len Masquerade Party. At a re- icent meeting. the chvrons won by leach group last year, were distrib- uted to the members.

, Mrs. Norman Stewart is Super- i tcndc-nt of C. G. I, T. groups in

rlnlty United Church. Charlotte-l town. IIENSINGTON UNITED l The Kenslnglon United Church .0. G. I. T. groups re-orgonizedi recently with Mrs. Bruce Roberts. land Mrs Robcrt Carruthers as lleadera of the Senior Group and Miss Dorothy Mackensia and Mrs. Leslie Clark as intermediate Group Leaders. The officers elect- ed were:

Senior Group president. Mona , ltlayhew; vice president. Jeanf

Murray; treasurer. Margaret Wal- ker: convenor of membership. Con nie Brown.

The Intermediate Group preald-l ent. Evclyn Mouse; vice presidentl Donna Jean Baker; secretary”! Marilyn Bryanfon; treasurer, Judi lth Cousins. ,

These groups are almost com- pleting their Mission Study and are collecting woollens to trade for a blanket which they plan to send to Hong Kong. A Hnllowe'en Masquerade Party is planned for November 2.

NEW GROUPS

The sponsors of this column wel-

come news of new groups. plcasci

filled balloon in South Dakota In I935

mid your news to Mre. Robert Carruthers. Kenslngton.

rent-a-car

.gg.............1 ulna

m..gssqavIIh&I.lAdD&bi

n....?.'n"1'.'?'.. stu

iwltanlnat

GOING IY AIR?

rent a TILDEN-A VISI car at the airport

Ifseouey-callyourhal 'nu:nt-Av: station before youao.andantutuIeu willbewakingforyouyb you get dthtPUlI.YouI forafewheusmaysereoda. 'I'hseo1?IasthaayeIq task-asllttlsasilha h&snday.pluslfa1- aalthatlndehmsdm inaarsnostlatstnsandd V0IINiIII-Gwiwthtoeit andconvenlenssofyuueqa car who away from lien Pbou'fi.oIn-Avnrimuay

zzwtauywmh

l

Canadian Remqndecl On Murder Charge In London

LONDON (CPI - A Canadian sailor. said to have told police he had it weakness for pornographic literature, today was remanded until Nov. 5 on a charge of mur- dering a Soho shop assistant.

Richard Rhodes Henley, 26, of

Crcston B.C. and Dartmouth, N.S.. was arrested Saturday night shortly after Alan John Robinson was shot and killed In a bookshop in London's cosmopolitan Soho dis- trlcl. 4 Dressed in the uniform of a lead- ing seaman in the Royal Canadian Navy. Henley stood in the dock at Marlborough Street police sin. "0" l0lla.V as is police officer read a statement he was alleged to have made a few hours after the shooting.

dian destroyer Iroquois now docked at Sottlliaiiiptnn. as say. mg WEAKNESS CAUSED IT

"I want to tell you the real rea- son for this. I have a weakness and that is the cause of it all.

"I decided that when I came up to London I would get some por- lnographic films and photos by robbery. I brought the gun with me as I thought there might be an opportunity of taking them away from the owner at gunpoint.

”I requested the man to come into the back room tof the book- llmlll. glvinil him to believe that my money was concealed on my person. When he opencd the door I pulled my gun and pointed it at

Do You Know Your child?

is your child normal, subnormal or supemor- mal? With the simple chart you'll find in The Standard this week you can make your own analysis. Check up and know his rating. Get The Standard-on sale now, complete w i 1' h magazine, I2 - pa go novel and 20 pages of comics. Only ten cents.

Q

Canada Life representatives are chosen for their ability to understand today":

than mg problems They're high y trained in all phases of Lite insurance . . . backed by more skilled and helpful services than you are likrlv in find in any other company.

C7? CANiti)A LIFE

one of the most important quatimu is: "Can I afford to give my family tho nice tiunpin life right am... yet still save enough for our future needs?” To solve this problem. Canada Life has some plans that will give your family the inmediate protection t:::.:::; '".:..':r' ....'i'r.....- III were youtosaveyoumoneyinanytyithaway. lfyousinoerelyvsnttoproteayourfutora... consult a Canada IJfyenuman”,thbd:y'.PIe1l:ll.:aly:;,'btgi::l(;nws' minutes to explain the important details of these

plus the guaranteed income And better still-these take

and have the

practical Cansda Life plans.

IN ( 708885101106

ENJOY LIFE TODAY WHILE IAVING MOR TOMDRROCv- i l

, cmanr-cote

The statement quoted Henley, .- member af the crew of the Cana. me. I was violently pulled the trigger.'

WAS FRIGHTENED

Chief Inspector Victor Massey. who read the statement to the

frightened and

Scoffish Students In Demonstration

L000 Scottish students fought a.tlnned, the sailor said:

I"”"”3 NW9 Friday as rival Sues ”I want to say that I had ab- demonstrators clashed in the solutely no intention of shooting quadrangle of Edinburgh Univerithe man. I shot him because I 5")'- lwas frightened. It was an auto-

s, d t b . g matic thing." g tack” 3:: sfmfgtklnlid B:::'il;f':ve;:g i Cmdr. I). L. Hanutliton, captain men, fawn". mm the universuylpfdthe iirnquois, was present at brnwled among. exploding fire. 0 "' "HM"

The Iroquois. one of four Cana- lt. , . 33311;” "our ha” "Id dian destroyers now in British wa-

Icrs on a training cruise. docked

Sonic dcmnnstrators who tried 5' S'."”h""'m"" last w'd"”d”" to set fire to a tattered Union'hh' '5 Mheduml I" 1"" S"”th' Jack won, pmmced an hy . cmwdl hamptnn for Lortent and St. Jean of yclling youths and beaten up. i d' L” in Fun" Oct H- IIAI) EXPENSIVE TASTES

Robinson, who lived in an ex- lpensive flat on Dorset Street in , Londonis Marylehone lIlBII'I('I and De"l””5'”"'l”"5 W9” 51339” IW lwas married to a beautiful fashion students at five other English uni- l mnde; mm from I 12 - um," "-'”"'93- -bullet 'wound in the client.

At l.ct-ds. one party includlngl A Canadian Navy spokesman students from Egypt and India, . said Henley was married and that marched in procession to the city I his wife lmcd at Dartmouth. N.S. centre hcaring banners denouncin lN8V5il records list his home town British policy. In Creslon, B.C.

A number of students were re ported tn have been injured in the fltthting.

How lyloney was Inade in

Olden Days

were hand-xlrucb and ja.thr'enIrII,hy rim pin; a lump of hurled metal

Thu Mrlinf coins

on fl tint mu-il. In metal film rerritwf a "rut- tn" impvr.t.n'ms from flu pundt. Thy nullmu trrn. quits irregular and flu ”puItere" badly centred.

Courtesy The Royal Ontario Mourns.

One of the most satisfactory was-s Canadians have of making money is through an investment in Camitfa Savings Bonds. Interest on the llth Series graduates from SHIV, to 493, averaging 3.769;, if held to maturity. not ssllln CANADA SAVINGS BONDS in on nle NOW Denominations: S50. 8100, 8500. 81,000 and

35,000 with a limit of 85.000 for each member of a family.

Payment by instalmente if desired.

Canada Savings Bonds are Canada's safest investment. They are always worth their purchase price and may be cashed at any time at their full face value. plus earned interest.

order you Band: from an one by later. ulcphone,orunses'asendaeee:.

Wood, Gundy C Company

HOW!- iltmeul-Z

him and told him I was lenving.l "After I turned be rushed afterl

V court. said that after Henley hsd. EDINBLRGH tReutersl-Aboutlbeen formally charged and eau-1

Gilt-Stnntlnrtl

PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND BRANCH

Phillips Building. B. E. Younker, C.I..U. Ill Grafton Street. Charlottetown District Manager

ON SALE NOW

tooll-wt-: cut lllllll cilulni sivulcs noun Foil .lllsP2.5tl nolvll...sr'ill,,,lll,l,l,l,l'

DOWNPAYMIITOI-'-I--a2.soroaatso.ooeooa.ss.ooeona 8Ioo.oo soup. sic.-sauucs IN saar msrauanm ova A rsaa.

uJfIY YOUR sonar YODAY-krur4eIbyh:t&elIf lU9UmIhOlIeIHI&

tr” "” I BANK on MONTREAL

&aa(4'47aet34J wosxmo WIIN CANADIAN!

IN EVIIV WAII OF III! IINCI III7

Charlottetown Branch, IOI-10'! Grafton Street BEN IOGEIS. Manager

2.u2Iu;rs--r