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'WiII There Be War?

Is the world headed for war? That is a question which "everyone must be weighing these days. There appears to be less public apprehen- sion than there was in 1938 or even the early part of 1939 when Hitler was on the rampage. It is hard to see, however, how the situation is less grave.

,_It seems likely—though this is by no means certain—that the im- mediate dispute over the off-shore 'islands of China will somehow be solved—or at least shelved—~with0ut recourse to war. This, of course, is I based on the premise that neither side actually wants war over What both sides must recognize as a tri- ' vial dispute—but, then, no one knows whether that premise is correct or not. In any case, it appears incon- lceiv’able that the United States would rather fight Communist China and the Soviet Unibn than compel the Nationalists to withdraw from these little parcels of land. It also appears inconceivable that the Cummunists would attack the United States? 7th fleet, an incident that almost cer-‘ tainLy would bring retaliatory ac-* tion. .

But the issue goes'deeper. than these little islands, if one can give credence to statements from Peiping and Moscow. These statements aver that nothing less than the surrender of Formosa itself will satisfy the

‘ Peiping regime. If they adhere to that determination and actually at- tack the Nationalists’ stronghold, there will be war, and no doubt ibout it. The United States has .a definite commitment to defend For- mosa if it is attacked. The situation, therefore, seems to depend on what the Communists intend to do about Formosa. It is possible that they will retreat in face of the possible, con» sequences of invasion. But nothing that has come out of Peiping since the crisis developed would indicate that they have any such intention in ,And it is folly to suppose that if the Americans and the Chi- nese get into war over Formosa— and if' the 'Russians back up their pledge‘vto 'aid the Chinese—the rest of the._world can stay out .of p the fighting. ' r‘ "

Advice. To Students, >

The University of Toronto has been furtunate in its presidents. The

' Hon. Sidney Smith held that position

with distinction until his appointment to the Federal Cabinet and. his suc- 'cessor,:Dr. Claude T. ’Bissell, appears also to be a man of/parts. Certainly we enjoyed the following summary of his opening address to the stu- dents. at convocation last week, as given by the Ottawa Journal :

First allowing himself to ponder out loudwhether a university would be better off without teachers or without students—and arriving at no conclusion except that for the time at any rate it had both—the speaker warned that he was going to give his hearers some advice; though unlike I that offered “by your deans, profes- sors and instructors, you can ignore it with less immediate peril-to your future in this University.” What Was it to be? ,

First: Up until now his audience had been pupils at secondary schools, and a pupil is “one who is taught by another”. Now they must be stud- ents, and a student is “a person who is engaged in or addicted to study”.

Second, they should begin to look ahead to life not with dark or rose- colored glasses but-with bi-focals and a bit of each shade. “A good deal of what you say and do here will be ephemeral, and will be caught up and dissolved in the stream of experience, but much else that you do will re- main with you and will determine your future. One thinks of the words of Goethe: ‘Be careful what you

_ wish for in your youth, for you will get it in your middle age’."

Third point was somewhat of a qualification of the secOnd, for the students should not set out too much to be “well-rounded” men or women. “Middle age is the time to be spheri- cal. During your university days you

intensity; you should not be in the least afraid of being angular or lop- sided. I urge you to be sceptical of those who hold up the pseudo-ideal of being ‘well-adjusted’, and who speak in glowing terms of the ‘well- rounded’ man or woman——as if the highest aim of university education were the production of dumplings.

“I distrust the principle of distri- bution—the idea that every univer- sity student should be exposed to the whole spectrum of knowledge,

that a university degree is the end and not the beginning of a genuine intellectual pilgrimage. If you have intensity of purpose and concentra- tin, you will develop the confidence and sureness of touch that come from , really mastering a subject, and you will be driven by your own intel- lectual curiosity into areas adjacent to your own." '

Economic Justice

We quite agree with the Daily News, of St. John’s, Newfoundland, when it maintains that if railway wages are to be increased by means of increased freight rates, it is up to the Board of Transport Commis- ‘ signers and the Government of Canada to work out an equitable adjustment. It would be a perversion , of social and economic justice to make the Atlantic Provinces pay the piper. We are unduly handicapped by high rates as it is. The higher the freight differential becomes, the more are we compelled either to accept low- er wages or price ourselves out of the

markets in which our products must I be sold. ' _

“But nobody cares about th Maritimes and Newfoundland,” says our St. John’s contemporary de- spondently; “neither the Government

- of Canada nor the two great central

provinces which fatten on the pro- fits they earn on the goods they sell to the eastern provinces. Ontario and Quebec selfishly and compla- cently accept increased railway rates because other provinces have to pay for them. And lacking even the pro- tection that the western provinces get, the pe0ple of the low-income eastern provinces become‘the victims of new freight rate increases.”

Let us hope that the Government of Canada, at least, is not indiffer- ent to this situation but will make a serious effort to remedy it. How this is to be done is for the Govern- ment to determine. If it fails to pro- vide the necessary compensation in the event of a further horizontal rate increase, it will leave these Provin- ces in a serious position indeed.

, EDITORIAL NOTES

The Germans can sleep peace- fully at last. Andorra, a tiny repub- lic (190 square miles) in the Pyrenees has signed a' peace treaty after being technically at war with Germany for 44 years. The Repub- lic was not represented at the Ver- sailles Peace Conference which ended World war I.

It: s as

Finance Minister Fleming, who presided over the meetings of the Commonwealth Trade Conference, says that there was so much good- will evident-that all he had to do was “to tell delegates when to sit down and when to go for dinner”. There are times .when‘ a speaker doesn’t take. too kindly to an order to sit down. However, we have never heard of one objecting to 'go to dinner at the appointed time.

I alt ‘ an in Dr. Linus Pauling, the American physicist who knows as much about the dangers of atomic radiation as anyone, says that, “every test of a hydrogen bomb will result in an ad- ditional 15,000 mentally defective children with just enough mentality to'appreciate their misery.” This is substantially what-a committee of 1000 scientists reported a few months ago. Yet, in spite of such scientific evidence, there is as yet no guarantee that nuclear tests will soon be a thing

of the past. .

a: a: at:

There seems to be no question about the continuing strength of the Conservative tide in the Central Pro- vinces. In Monday’s by-elections, the Government not only held the Grenville-Dundas constituency in Ontario, but captured Quebec’s Montmagny-I’Islet which had been a Liberal seat ever since its establish- ment in 1933. The winner in the On- .tario contest, Mrs. Jean Casselman, established another kind of record as she is a daughter of the Hon. Earle Rowe, and her election marks the first father-and-daughter team

should emphasize concentration and

the House of Commons has ever had.

in what seems to me the naive belief ‘

l

MORE TRANQUILIZERS‘ NEEDED?

OTTAWA REPORT

Senate Does Good @

By Patrick

Special Correspondent,

Ottawa: If is seldom that the two chambers of our Parliament get into a serious disagreement about legislation. But it happened in the closing days of the last session, and'alflhouglh the Sen-ate gave way to the wishes of the Commons, acrimony is still flow— iug that nunor spat.

Our Upper Chamber, the Sen- ate, was designed by the Fathers of Confederation for twin pur- poses First, to give a “saber Second, look” at legislation pas- 96d (by the House cf Commons; and second, to asSure represen- tation in our Parliament for min- ority groups.

6 ,ecifi-cally, it was clear that Que _ c would never join, Confed- eration without such a formula providing for guaranteed repres- entation of Quebec, to protect the French language and civil law and religion. .

In its function of giving the sober second look, the Senate nor- mally does a remarkably wise and efficient but unglamourous and under-publicized job.

FEW MISIF‘ITS

There are certain incompetent Senators who have been appoin- ted for purely party reasons. 'Ilhre are‘othcrs who have been adjudged worthy legislators for no other reason that that their constituency has been obliterated in redistribution (provided that they were supporters of the gov- ernment in power-opponents are

Nicholson For The Guardian

are “pensioned”).vThen there are inevitably some persons holding that lifetime appointment who have graduated far into Shake- speare’s “second childishness and [mere oblivion, sans teeth, sans eyes, sans taste, sans everything.

But there are many Senators who in ability and experience in- evitably encel the comparative youngsters and newcomers in the Commons. It is this class of Sen- ator Who, raise the of the Senate, those workshops where the sober second look is skilfully given, into such efficient aids to our legislative processes.

During the past session, the predominantly Liberal Senate did an exceptionally efficient job. It made one important amendment in the Excise Tax Bill, which had been somewhat carelessly drafted by the departmental officials and equally camelessly examined by the Commons. The same applies tovflhe two amendments proposed by‘ the Senate in the Broadcasting Bill; and in fact the Senate con— sidered making two more amend- ments which will almost certainly be proposed and passed next ses-

sum.

The Estate Tax Bill was a clas- sic example of sloppy drafting and a careless first look in the Commons. Giving it sober second look, the Senators wisely proposed eight amepdments. ‘

“Seven are perfectly accpptahllc to the government.” Finance Min-

gcrryma-ndered while supporters

Greo’r Triumph

By Ken

ister Donald Fleming declared.

FOr De GouIIe

Metberal

Canadian Press Staff Writer

The overwhelming—almost 80 per cent—affirmative vote in Sun- day’s French referendum is not so much a vote of approval for the proposed constitution of the Fifth Republic as a massive dem— onstration of trust in General de Gaulle.

It represents a stinging rebuke to the shabby political regime of

V the Fourth Republic and a heavy I blow to the Communists, thous-

ands of whose supporters appear to have voted “yes.”

A Gaullist victory was a fore- gone conclusion. But not even de Gaulle himself had hoped for such a crushing margin of victory“ Last week his supporters were speaking in terms of a- 65-70 per cent affirmative vote with a con- siderable number of a’bstentions. A FRESH START

Instead, in the heaviest poll in the country's history, the people of Fnance have shown in unmis— takable terms that they want a fresh start.

The extent of de Gaulle’s tri- umph is shown by the fact that the total “no” vote is about 800,- 000 less than the normal Commu— nist vote in France. The minis- try of the interior estimates that about 700.000 of the 4.624.475 “no” votes in metropolitan F r a n c e were cast by non-Communists. This means that the total drop in the Communist vote is about 1,500,000.

The Communists were not the only de Gaulle opponents to suf- fer. In the Eure department of France. home ground of Pierre Mendes-France, one of the chief critics of the constitution, about 80 per cent of the electorate voted for de Gaulle. .

And in St. Cere, where the ex— treme right-winger, Pierre Pou- jade, campaigned for rejection, there was another huge majority for de Gaulle, the constitution and the Fifth Republic.

ALGERIAN VOTE

The crushingr defeat to his op- ponents, especially the Commu~ nisls, will strengthen de Gaulle’s hand in metropolitan France.

But ironically. the very size of the support accorded him in Al— geria may prove an embarrass— ment. It could conceivany tie his hands when he visits the sirife- torn area at the end of the week.

that more than 95 per cent voted “yes,” which is hardly surprising in view of the manner in which the French Army, which super— vised the campaign there, ruth— lessly suppressed any suggestion of opposition.

(ARMY USED PRESSURE

'menbs which clarify the provis-

' impression remained more firmly

“In each case they are amend-

ions Lot the Bill or enlarge the rights of the taxpayems."

SENATORS PRAISE!)

Tribute was deservedly paid to the Conservative Senators, along with some of their Liberal col- leagues. who had opposed and amended these sections of the bill.

“Any criticisms which I made concerning the bill were certainly greatly improved upon and ex- ceeded by such newly appointed Senatons supporting the Govern- ment as Senator Brunt and Sena- tor W'hi-te,” declared Mr. W. Beni dickson, the Liberal Oppostion’s shadow Finance Minister in the

us.

Senator Brunt especially did an immensgammt of wonk on this combing it clause by clause when it was before the commit- tee of the Senate. His comments questions revealed the wealth of experience and industry he was able to draw upon in picking out points which 203 members of the le-Idouse of Commons had overlook-

There was some bait-splitting on We dimmed eighth amend- ment, and the suspicion remain- ed that Elna-lice Minister Flem- ing was wrong and the Senate was right.

.nm as the session closed, the

bald than ever that the Senate could best be reformed by per- mitting it to do more work. For example, more bills could be in- troduced in our Upper Chamber first, so that the bugs could be loomed out there before the bills go to our harder-worked lower house of parliament.

lem ‘votm, especially women, may strengthen the hands of both the French settlers and the rebel- lious army coloung to any sol-u- tiou other than full Algerian in- tegration with France. And the Algerian Nationalists have clearly

tog-ration. The referendum has made de Gaulle the undisputed master of France. But the general must still prove himself the master of

But the massive turnout of Mos-

France‘s problems.

The British Government has just made one more attempt to find a peaceful solution to the dispute that has arisen out of the unilateral decision of the Government of Iceland to extend the fishery limit around Ice- land‘s coast to 12 miles. This decision, which was for- mally promulgated on June 30, came into effect on Septem- ber 1. What the Government of Iceland is claiming is the right to exclusive fishing in waters ly- ing within 12 mil-es of her coasts. Within these waters Britain and other trrawlermen have been fish- ing regularly for many years. The Iceland. Government is now seek— ing to prohibit tlhem from these traditional fishing grounds by un- ilateral action.

The British Government which. in accordance with international law, has in no case recognized the right of any coastal state to proclaim in unilateral extension of its fishery limits, has refused to recognize the Icelandic Gov- ernment claim of the legality of their decision. In order to pre- vent the Icelandic authorities from trying to impose their unil- ateral decision by force on the British trawlers fishing on the high seas off Iceland since Sep- tember 1, units of the, Royal Navy’s Fishery Protection Squad- ron have been accompanying Bri- tish trawlers fishing in these areas.

PATIENT PARTIES

Although in fact both sides have been showing a good deal of pa— tience and forebearance, the si- tuation is clearly a most unsatis- factory one. The British Govern- ment has always made it clear that it was most anxious to have the dispute sextllcd by uegz‘riatiml

The voting in Algeria shows

or other peaceful means, but the

The Iceland Dispute

By Richard scott United Kingdom Information Service

Icelanders have refused to ne- gotiate on a Governmental basis, Discussions have been conducted within the framework of N.A.T.0. but have so far failed.

Now the British Government has suggested that the dispute should be submitted to the International Court at The Hague. This was proposed by Mr. Selwyn Llloyd in his speech in the general de- bate before the United Nations General Assembly. The British Government is prepared to seek a ruling from The Hague Court on the validity in international law of the Icelandic Govern— ment’s claim to a 12—mile fishery limit. And she is prepared to abide by the ruling of the Court.

What the British Government feels is that if the Government of Iceland seeks: to justify its un— ilateral action in extending its fishery limit on the grounds of economic need and fishery pro- tection requirements. then the British Government has already made it plain that it is ready to discuss this whole technical question and to reach a solution through negotiations. And it is recalled that the proposals for a settlement which the British Gov- ernment put forward on Septem- ber 1 did include provision for ensuring to Iceland a larger share of the catch of fish taken from the waters around her coasts. The British Government has also many times expressed its rcad~ mess for expert discussions on the question of fishery protection requirements in Icelandic waters ECONOMIC GROUNDS

So Britain says that if Iceland bases her case on her econo— mic needs. then these ought to be made the subject of an m- ernalionzal negotiation: even gen-

ind-lcated they will not accept in-.

Job Strains &

Blood Pressure

By Herman N. Bundesen, M.D.

WHETHER business is good or whether it is had, some business— men are likely to be troubled by high blood pressure. _ If things are going well, a bus- inessman may strain too hard to make them go even better. If the outlook is bad, he may worry all the more.

TREY’RE SUSCEPTIBLE

We have known for a long time that persons who work under constant strain and worry .3 great deal over various problems are particularly susceptible to hyper- tension.

Hypertensionltself, is not a disease. Rather it’s a sign that something is wrong somewhere inside.

You can have high blood'pcres- sure without being ill or Without danger of causing .damage to your heart or arteries. Such a dondliltiorn might exist for several

PUBLIC FORUM

This column is open to the dlscut sion by correspondents of question of Interest. The Guardian does not nest-.9 Iarily endorse the opinion of cones pondents.

WORD 0F APPRECIATION Sin—How happy and grateful we were to hear the Chimesof St. Paul ring out over the crisp Autumn air after being silent for several months. _ We were Zonesome for these beautiful Chimes as they rang out the hour during: week days, but especially so on sunday mornings when they reminded us, in a special way, that this was Sunday and should be given. over to the worship and venera- tion of the Giver of all good and perfect gifts and to breathe a prayer, each in his own way, for the repose of the soul of the donor of these beautiful Clume' s. —— the late Hon. George D. De— Blois, who has passed on to his eternal reward. Thanks for the‘Chimes of St. Paul. I am. Sir, etc.

ROSE G. RYAN 112 Prince Street, Charlottetown.

WHO ARE THE. WISE?

Sir,—I notice in one of your recent referring to the Alaskan election, you say it was rather‘ surprising that one in 6 voted against becoming the 49th State. To some this may not be surprising. For instance, right to- day many of her own people are stronst opposed to United States interfering in the Far W and claim she was neither friend nor allies by so doing. Can we not see quite plainly why one out of 6 voted to stay independent of that big power? Again, we shall never forget back in 1933, when Germany? form of democracy was sold wideopenduechieflytosomazny separate parties and not being able to form a government. Then the ruthless Hitler appeared on the scene with great prqnuses 0f employment for” all, and Peace for Germany . The enmlpyment proved to be great preparation for war and the assured peace was that their fighter airplanes as de- fence would never allow one single enemy plane to cross her border. But before all this was~ a vote taken Whether to have Adolf Hitler as Chancellor to rule all Germany. In that election there was approximately 6 per- cent voted “No_” Were not those few souls the wise men of Ger- many? \ There is before mankind a de claim to make in the world court- and in the United Nations, and that is: How long can we have peace in the world with the great- est nation on earth, Chaim, denied the night to. sit in the council chambers of the U.N.? Let there be a vote taken on this important question and I feel sure it won’t be 6 per cent but at least 50 per cent in favor. Even if only 6 per cent voted in favor, from past experience could those few not be the wise ones? Western arrogance is the chief reason, to my mind, why things are as they are. Even so our pride of armaments and brass buttons disallowed us to confer with Nasser of Egypt as to his ambitions, desires and needs, till he no longer regards us but as enemies. But he found a friend, even as China; and now what?