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PAGE roux THE GUARDIAN

as Second Class Mail Post Office Department. Ottawa. Tho Island-Guardian Publishing Co.

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Editor and Managing Director. Inn A. Burnett. Associate Editor. Frank Walker.

CIICULATION ' "Conn Prince Edwudliand like an dow"'

"The strongest memory is weaker than the waakutt Ink".

OHABLOHETOWN WEDNESDAY. NOV. 11. 1853 We Will Remember Thtll

Remembrance Day is observed best, perhaps, by the surviving comrades of those who gave their lives in the service of their country and their fellows. There is reason, of course, the veterans knew and under- stood one another. They went through the same experiences, were moved by the same impulses. '

It was not for their comrades alone, however, that men fought and died. Every school child should realize that he owes a debt to young men who never lived to watch families of their own growing up. We who are older must remember that our daily lives are lived in freedom and a measure of security because their lives were so freely given.

Remembering them must make us thankful. It must also make us aware of the responsibility which they have thrown on our shoulders. They saved civilization, three times within the memory of great numbers of us. They left to us the task of making civilization worth the saving.

We cannot be second rate citizens, sec- ond rate workmen, second rate parents without falling down on a task that they might have done better had they not died that we might have the chance to do it at all. We cannot nourish hatred nor in- justice nor indifference without depriving their sacrifice of its proper fruits. We can- not fail in carrying on their tasks and re- sponsibilities and claim to remember them.

Village scrapbooks

Material of considerable historical value often is found in small towns and villages. as well as in the great industrial centres. Endeavors in the field of scrapbook his- tory, notes an exchange, have proved suc- cessful in England and could with advant- age be introduced into many centres in Canada. Encouraged by a competition for the best village scrapbook organized by the Women's Institutes of east Sussex, the resi- dents of a number of villages delved into old books, documents, manuscripts and newspapers.

Commenting in London Calling on the endeavor, Sylvia Gray observes that for months these women in the villages of -east Sussex have been going through the fam- ily albums, turning out their cottage cup- boards, searching in their own memoirs and their families as well, and now they have produced this wonderful picture of Sussex that starts right back in the days of the Piltdown Man and recalls, in passing, days when there were many shepherds roaming the Sussex Downs, and nights when the smugglers used to come up from the coast.

The scrapbooks themselves are astonish- ingly beautiful. Often they are written in fine script and illustrated, and in some vil- lages the women had special lessons in book-binding and then made the actual books before filling them. In one of the villages the women even made the paper themselves.

The finished books are much more than just a village guide: they tell anec- dotes and they record the sort of stories that outsiders do not usually hear. One, village Miss Gray noticed particularly was Kingston, just outside Lewes. Their scrap- book spoke again and again of one family ..the Tuppers. It seems that thc Tup- pers go right back to Saxon days in the village. '

Another of the Tupper family told some of the local smuggling secrets to the W0- men's Institutes for their book. He said that the old miller at Kingston used the sails of his windmill high on the Downs to warn the smugglers of the Excisemen.

A Tiimt To Pom

The United Nations commission which has been studying racial conditions in the Union of South Africa has reported that :Pramier 'Mslan's extreme, segregation pol- icy constitutes a threat to peace. . The re-

t port undermines the position of many na-

tloim.-lnciuding Canada-which have de- plored thc Nationalist government's apar- theid program in south Africa for human- itirian reasons, but hawle declined to take "ujgtand, on the ground that it was South

Africa's business. . . ” ' .15. upon 'emphuized that South ' vumgpgg. : V policy had caused great . the mono Eat. and gen- ' there is solidarity

I between men of color . . . There is no doubt that the situation in the Union of South Africa. is. to use the terms of article.14 of the (U.N.) charter, 'likely to impair the general welfare of friendly relations among nations."

This is, notes the Ottawa Citizen, the crucial point and the one that has concern- ed so many people outside South Africa. A majority of the people in the world are non-European, and their help must be en- listed it the struggle for freedom is to be won by the West. South Africals policy is aimed at keeping non-Europeans in a position of social, economic and political inferiority. Dr. Malan may try to camou- flage his program by declaring that he is for separate but parallel development of Europeans and non-Europeans. He might argue, as he has, that apartheid is aimed at protecting the non-Europeans, who can- not compete on an equal basis with Euro- peans. But the fact is that segre-gation,in South Africa is turning non-Europeans into a race of helots, without a voice in their own future, without control over their conditions of life.

This program has earned hostility to- ward Europeans in Africa, the Middle East, and Asia, as the U. N. commission has ipointed out. It has created unnecessary tensions, and is seen as a threat to peace. For this reason alone it is far more than an internal matter, confined to South Africa alone. Finally, at a time when the friendship of non-Europeans is so urgent- ly needed, the West, for its own survival, must continue to press the case against 1, apartheid.

EDITORIAL f4-OTES Armistice Day:;l8. Day, 1939-1945.

Remembrance

The great American game of baseball has again triumphed in the courts. The United States Supreme Court has again ruled that it is a sport and not an inter- state business, subject to anti-trustilaws.

Finance Minister Abbott's view is that opinion on trade and currency is develop- ing on converging lines in the United States and the sterling area. The principle of "one world" is as desirable economically as politically or socially. I

Simultaneous translation of English and French speeches in the House of Commons is under consideration. The system has proved invaluable in facilitating debate in international bodies and should help make the House debates more intelligible both to members and visitors.

Quebec's commission on Dominion-Pro- vincial financial arrangements was. told while direct taxation was going out in oth- er countries the new trend is not yet ap- parent in Canada. Actually this country is in the van so far as that trend is con- cerned if it is acknowledged that an Income Tax deducted 100 per cent at source is no longer a direct but an indirect tax.

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The prospect that Canada's population will exceed the 15,000,000 mark by the end of the year means that the population of this country has almost tripled since the turn of the century. We are a long way behind the more than 150,000,000 of the United States but it is rather pleasant to reflect that expansion to a similar figure is all ahead of us.

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The power portion of the St. Lawrence seaway project has become an international undertaking with the appointment of the New York State power authority as the American partner in the development along with the Ontario Hydro-electric Commis- sion; The. project is an excellent thing for the prosperity of both countries but Mari- timers can be forgiven for reflecting that it is another example of the principle that to him that hath shall be given.

King Abdul-Aziz Ibn Abdurrahman al- Faisal al-Sa?ud of Saudi Arabia who died Monday, co-operated with Britain and America to develop his country's remark- able oil reserves. He took advantage of

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T the oil-drilling--equipment, however, to sink

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deep water wells in a land in which water is even more valuable than oil and arranged for American engineers to build railways in his country.

Louis Antoine de Bougalnville, French navigator, was born this date 1729. He studied law but became a soldier, published a treatise on integral calculus, was secre- tary,to the French embassy in London and came to Canada in 1756 as captain of the dragoons and aide-dc-camp to Montcalm. He served in the Seven Years' War and undertook to colonise the Falkland lsbnds but they were. given up' to Spain. He made an extended voyage,of discovery, at- tsinod -high rank in the navy and was a nenatprunder Napoleon.

rm: G'UARoi.A.N. Cl-fARLo'l"rEnnnv -

The flame Burns Brightly

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PUBLIC FURUM

This column is open to the dilculsion by correspondent- of questions of interest. The Guardian does not necessar- ily endorse the opinion of correspondents.

CLASS ROOM DlS('ll'LlNJ:I .

Sir.-l believe I owe "Gastric" an apology: At least I should ex- plain ihat it was not my inten- tion io leave him bound in the presence of his "pupils. I assumed. merely, that it might be neces- sary to bind him to get him into the school. But since he suggests it, he might be more interesting to the "kids" bound, rather than free. For my experiment, how- ever, perfect freedom would have been allowed within the pre- cincts of the school and in the presence of the pupils.

But enough of nonsense. He did get. one of the points I have been trying to make: children should he laugh "to think for themselves". In other words they should not be disciplined, in so many words. but "rather taught to discipline" themselves, and thereby, to increase their own security and happiness as well as that of others.

This does not mean that you can fill I barrel with vinegar while it is on its side and roll- ing madly down a hill, even if education could be compared to filling it barrel full of vinegar- as many erroneously nssumr. You'll surely have to catch the barrel and set it up on end on level ground before you start filling it. So of children, you must get them sitting up and still before you begin pouring in the 'rith'nelic and spcllin'---if that were education.

But, if education is children to govern themselves and think for themselves, the teacher must have some means. of "keeping these naturally ani- matctl little creatures within speaking distance, to say nothing of regulating the use of voice and tongue to reasonable order.

The visitor cannot always tell by visiting a school in session whether the teacher is the "vine- gar barrel type" or the true edu- cator who moulds the character as she or he tcaches. I have seen up to the present, three types of teachers: (1) those who educate and mould for life; (2) those who set the children up in the room and pour in the facts; (3) those who seem to do neither, where results are uncertain. Of the three, to me the most deplorable in what I have described as the

teaching

"vinegar barrel" type. If you visit his or her school in session. you will likely dis-

cover every pupil sitting up like a statute. uniformity, and each child will move and speak under

command. Everything in the school may even move like a machine.

The little heads are stuffed and padded all day long with spell- ings and numbers, etc.-some will bcifound in tears at night struggling with more spellings or homework then he or she can master irrespective of age or nat- urnl adjustment.

Freed from the class room. they are wild and unheeding. explod- ing into All sorts of misdemean- ors that have no thought or re- sponsibility behind them,

Secondly, there is the group whom you find in loud disorder in the class room, all trying to talk at once and each trying to out-scream the other to he heard -There are many degrees and stages of this type of class room.

Thlrdiy there is what is, to my mind-I could he mistaken-the true educatoi-ls class room where pupils are taught the simple rules of courtesy and respect for the rights of others with whom they associate. You will likely find this room quiet. lnsofarms con- fusion is concerned. Each pupil in busy with his work-ht may even help his slower neighbor. He does not do it loudly or nblsiiy- because the t aoher will scold?- Oh. no. bcosu a his own common

sense, since he hg learned to tlilnk, tell: him the teacher can-

not conduct clauel, nor can hit

Grace and peace be multiplied unto you through the knowledge of God, and of Jesus our Lord, ae- eording -as his divine power hlath given unto us all things that per-

tain unto life and godliness. through the knowledge of him that hath called us to glory and virtue: whereby are given unto us exceeding great and precious prom- ises: that by these ye might. be partake:-s of the divine nature, having escaped the corruption that is in the world through lust.

fellows work if he is noisy. The children all obey the teacher. not because they fear him, but because they have learned that it is bad taste and bad manners to disrespect authority, that is pro- perly placed. These pupils in free meeting have decided to- getlicr with the lonelier, and ngreed that in order that ever - one get the -most out of his classes. a few rules about the class room should be observed.

Pencils may be sharpened only when no one is reciting or dis- cussing. No two people get up at once, except on special occas- ions, because it. is conducive to school room atmosphere to be quiet. Thus and thus pupils learn to discipline themselves. They do nothing, just because the teacher says so but because there is a good reason. in their own intuest why they should do it.

Primaries, of course, must be treated as primaries, but it amazes me, how fast and readily and happily, little tots learn to reason and obey for reasons ra- ther than because of fear nr tcachers' orders. It is surprising how readily, too. little tots can learn to walk about quietly and close and open doors noisclessly when they know that if they make noise they hurt someone whom they love, and who loves them.

Yet, I have seen in I primarv room under the "vinegar barrel" type about 35 to 40 chil(lrcn-- perfect in class, making such un- earthly racket. coming and going through doors, which the 35 banged more than 70 times daily to add up to the clatter of un- restrained heavy walking --- so much so, that other classes in the same building found concen- tration and interest impossiblc. Such children may have perfect class discipline but they cer- tainly Are not being educated in

the proper sense of the word- to my mind. I am, Sir, etc. ULRIC.

MOTHER OF PARLIAMENTB

Fifty different parliaments in the Commonwealth cent gifts to htlp furnish the how British House of Commons.

-- Old Charlottetown if dam: fr. 1:. 1.)

. means

"The curiosity of many of the inhabitants of West. River. East Point, was much gratified on the morning of Thursday, the lsl. inst, in having the pleasure of examin- ing two bears which were killed on the previous evening by Mr. James Robertson of that place.

"Mr. Robertson having been in- formed late in the afternoon that a sheep had been killed in the pasture lands of his neighbour, Mr. David Young. loaded his gun and hastened to the spot. He had not been there more than five minutes when a little boy who accompanied him pointed in the direction of a fence close by, and there, sure enough, was Bruin al- ready arrived. The huge brute nimbly leaped over the fence and made towards the carcass of sheep. Mr. Robertson took aim and fired. and down tumbled his bear-ship to rise no more.

"They had scarcely time to ex- amine the brute when they heard 3. rustling among the leaves, and looked, and loi what fl sight. The woods seemed alive with bears running in every direction, and it appeared as if the whole tribe had assembled to have a feast at Mr. Young'sI expense. Two of them, however, ran up on trees, and perched amongst the branches, whence one of them was immedi- ately despatched by I: second shot from Mr. Robertson's gun. He then loaded the third time, and was preparing to fire, when, to their great amazement, they heard behind them another bear grow- ling. and rushing furiously 10. wards them through the bushes.

"Mr. Robertson wheeled about and stood on the defensive, know- ing that to meet a bear robbed of her whelps. on a dark night, and with a single gun. was not a posi- tion to be envied. He stood thus for a minute awaiting her dc- bouche from the thicket; but whilst waiting, the one on the mac Sllililed down nnd both immediate- lyldisappeared . . .

This is not the only occasion in wnich Mr. Robertson has been successful in destroying some of these marnuders, thus saving it large amount of property in ma district. The larger of the two bears killed measured about five and a half feet from the snout to the rump. a.nd in his maw W... found not only the farmer's mut- ton. but a. consld.ei'able portion 01 his Pea: and wheat."

-The Islander, Sept. 30, 1354, GOOD FOOTING

DONDON tCP)- Nylon football studs or clcnts are a new idea here. The studs are fitted to foot- ba" boots as out of .. long solo. and the makers claim they cannot get kicked loose.

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mums. '11. 1953

M The

'Incred.i.bleuit.willseemt.oLl.i veterans of the First. World War. it is 35 years this month since that grey, grisly morning when the

,bugies rang out the Gene Fire

: and a. strange silence descended . upon

the long battleneltk of France and F'lunders.' Yes. 35 years have passed since the 11th hour of the 11th day of the nth month of that fateful year 1918.

Thirty-five years is a long time. but one recaptures some of the atmosphere of the first Armistice Day in perusing news despatches published at the time. They mir- ror acenes which reflect. the soul of is delivered humanity gone wild with Joy-scones such as were to be repeated when the boils of vic- tory peoied again at. the and of the Second World War 2'! years later.

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Canadian soldiers who happened to be on leave in the Empire cap- ital on November 11, ms. wit- nessed a spectacle of delirious de- light. Sta-id old London cut loose with a. vengeance, as may be seen from the following press extract:--

"The climax of the revelry of the day that lulled but little be- fore the revelry of the night. was the passing of

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out escort, save for two mounted policeman. they drove through their delirious people-the King and Queen who. when thrones are falling like autumn leaves, cm ride with only the escort. of a people's love. A shattering '.l-Iur-, rahl' rose above the wild cheering that never cpased..." . . .

The following despatch tells of how the capital of France reacted to the news of the Armistice:--'

"In the twinkling of an eye the .;;:'u:e aspect. of Paris charted The incubus of four years of war fell from the shoulders of the cap- ital like a discarded cloak. People in the streets sang. wept, and shouted for joy. Thoroughfsres which a few minutes earlier had merely had their everyday appear- ancc suddenly nlled with rejoicing crowds, flags appeared from no- where. and tho roadway was taken pomession of by Lu hant. pro- cemlons of men, women and chil- dren, carrying the banners or all the Allies and singing the iMar- sei1laisc', 'God Save the King' and the 'Braba.ncanne'.

"Outside the British Embassy, in the Faubounz st. Honore, a scene of indescribable enthusiasm occur- red. The famous old street was choked with people who cheered again and again for Great Britain ...Parisitu1s massed on the pave- ment. shed tears of joy, and more than one kitted sergeant has been more frequently kissed during the last. few hours than since he was a. baby in arms."

In 1. despstch captioned "The Cease Fire", Beach Thomas, the well-known war corrupondent, dc- scrlbed a memorable scene on No- vember 11 near Mo.ns.. Belgium. where the First World War began and ended so far as the British Army (which included the Cans- disn Corps) was ooncerned:- tlwith an inspired sense of his- toric fitness. the Canadians had sworn to be in Mons while the war lasted, even if it cost life. They owed its capture to the spirit of the Old Contemptibics. The 5th Lancers shared the historic event with them and heard, twice repeated on a clarion, the three notes of the 'Cense Fire'-repeated alongside mouldered houses ruined by German howitzers when the