"Mi uke p it”;

I‘ng lief PM ‘Mt “k

vhf Ill

\ '

b

I r

l

0h w u. if g;

I r,

’5‘:

emery

ii

a.-

.37,

Wqu-» w...» "my WM .H ,

i,

)0. ’

m,

in?

raw! v...

1 m were.

- swore-n.3,? _ Q,

r

é-‘vrt.m.‘,A—g .

l HIS Excellency the

l

AND

L

n

p @fllflmial @Qralhv

PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND ADVERTISER.

*7

,7 mm Seams]

CHARLOTTETOWN,

SATURDAY, JULY 24, 1841.

j

[N o. 208

4*-

Militia General Order. Head Quarters, Charlottetown, June 7th, 1841.

*7

pleased to order the ace as follows:

Monday, August 2d—Tracadie and Morel.

Tuesday, fad—Saint Peter’s Bay, Gaose River, Saint Mar-

garet's and Tullocli. . Wednesday, 4tli—Surveyor’s lnlet and East Point. Thursday, 5th—Sonris and Bay ofFortune. 4th Queen‘s County Regiment; Captain

the 4th Prince County Regiment,

Promoted. By Command,

A. LA ,

Lieut. Colonel and Adjutant General.

Commanding Officers are requested to send to the nearest

PostOflice for Orders and Returns. LAND ASSESSMENT.

‘ TaitAsunxit's OFFICE, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, 1st June, 1841. IN pursuance of the Act

of His late Majesty King William the Fourth, Island,

contaied in the several Townships, longing thereto; and the

Townships and Islands as aforesaid; dings ‘for each and ever uncultivated Pasture Lot, Common and Royalty of Charlottetown; and the sum of {orth and every cultivated or improved Town,

for each and every cultivated or improved ties,and so in proportion for a less quantity;

Land'in the Royalty of Georgetown, called reserved the sum of TWopence per acre on each and every

my hands, or the hands ofiny Deputies, “Term, at Charlottetown, shall then be in arrenr _ thereon, agreeebly to the directions ofthe said Act.

J. SPENCER SMITH, Treasurer.

Commander in Chief has been ANNUAL INSPECTION ofMilitia, to

Cross Roads, Saint Andrew’s

John Large, from to be Captain, vice Lawson,

of the General Asseriibly of this Island, made and passed in the Seventh year ofthe Reign intituled An Act for levying an flssessment on all Lands in this Island—I do here- by publicly notify the Owners or Occupiers of Land within this for which the Annual Assessment charged thereoa by the said recited Act, of Four Shillings, lawful money of this ,Island, for every Hundred Acres of wilderness or unimproved Lands and the several Islands be- sum of Two Shillings for every Hun- dred Acres of cultivated or improved Land in the said several and the sum of Four Shil- or umimproved Town Lot, 0t and Water Lot, granted in the Town Two Shillings Pasture, Com. anon and Water Lot as aforesaid; and the sum of Two Shillings and Eightpence for each and every Town Lot, Pasture Lot and Water Lot, granted in the Towns and Royalties of Georgetown and Princetown; and the sum of One Shilling and Fourpence Town, Pasture and Water Lot, granted in the said last-mentioned Towns and Royal- and the sum of One Pennv per acre on each and every acre ofcultivnted or improved Lands; and acre of such bands as mav be deemed uncultivated or improved Lands, is pay- able, that no ess the Assessment for the current year he paid into on or before the Twenty- first of December, 184], I shall, on the last day of the next Hilary make Proclamation of all such Lands as for non-payment of the sums charged

Treasurer’s Office, June lst, 1841.

IN compliance with the provisions of the Act of the an Assessment on all Lands within this Island, I have appointed the following persons to be

General Assembly, for levying

Receivers ofthe said Assessment: Prince County.

Joseph Pope, Bedcque; Thomas C. Compton, St. Eleanor's; James Y 0, Port Hill;

V“..__A_A,.V“A~llau_ml‘:o satin Cascumpeque.

mryzmw~ww~ w - m... . . James Pidgeon, New London; Thomas Fairbairn, Sable; Solomon Desbiisay, Charlottetown; Allan Macdougall, Belfast.

King's County. John Jardine, St. Peter’s; Alexander M :icdonald, St. Margaret’s; \Villiam S. Macgowan, Souris; Hugh Macdonald, Three Rivers; James Richards, Murray Harbour.

J. SPENCER SMITH, Treasurer.

(F mm the Montreal Gazette.)

AGRICULTURAL IMPROVEMENT.

by previous plougliings.

attributed, as much as to any other cause. field, saturated with wet. at this time of the year, pa ticularly if the soil is a heavy clay, ceive the seed when dry until it is

perfect them. Plants derive

tribution only those portions ofthe surrounding ai

around them the nutritious principles required for the growth, and for the exercise of their functions; it

necessary that they should be able to extend their root in order to drain front the soil its nourishing juice and to fasten them in the earth, so as to be being dried up by heat or uprooted by the winds.

is impossible for them to do all this unless the soil open and well pulverised, well drained when ploughed.

every farmer; and there is no them, that must not reasonableness :—

ly loaded with

leaves of plants are often moist in the morning; the r turn ofthe sun, and the heat of the day, liquid, to be deposited again at sunset,

the changes in the temperature of the atmosphere, different periods of the twenty-four hours, water constantly applied to plants,

organs. “ The aqueous vapours r-v 1-.- .nmlonaod and (magi

suspended in the air beg 32mg and wt

which have arisen frow the earth during the day; the

always injurious to man, and it that he fears and shuns the night damps.

is supported by the dews,

Just published, foolscap 8vo., pp. 128, Price 25. 3d. -

MORAL RENOVATION; or, The Empire of Bac- By the Rev. JOHN

chus destroyed. THE Pxizn ESSAY. KNOX. CHARLOTTETUWN : COOPER & BREMNER.

effects upon vegetation. it is should unite certain qualities, possess.

“ When the soil is hard and compact,

which it does not alwa

by

rays of the sun. without having moistened the roots

FOR SALE,

By order of the Honourable the House of Assembly ,x

THE CHART of HiLLsnonouen BAY and the HAR- ' noun OfCHARLOTTETOWN—a CHART of (humour BAY THREE RivaRs in this Island, surveyed cap. 5, by the Hon

and the HARBOUR of . . under the Colonial Statute, 2d Victoria,

George Wright, Surveyor General, and George Peacock, Esq, R Said Charts 'are now on Sale at the Office of the Surveyor General, at the Store of Mr. Henry Stamper, Char-

.N., Commissioners appointed under the said Act.

Royal Gazette Office, and the I lottetown, and at the Custom House, Three Rivers. .

the plants, or softened the earth around them:

dew, while the roots, which are the principle vehicles nutriment, when the plant is fully developed, are not any degree benefited by it.

cases, that the soil should be softened.

which it is charged to the roots of the plants, and

AUXILIARY BIBLE SOCIETY.

THE Committee of the Bible Society have received

from London a small supply of large and elegant Bibles, Mr. 11. Stampcr’s

which are now on sale at their Depository, Book-Store, Queen Street. June 3, 18‘“ .

ALLIANCE COMPANY. Subscriber has removed his Office to

mises lately occupied by Mr. JAiiiEs H. Down, Catholic Chapel, will please‘ apply to persons can have Fire Insurance

:without reference to London.

Charlottetown, June 29th,1841.

L 1

’1 of Charlottetown, to commence business in the the 8th day of August next,

fin the Charlottetown Market, after that date; and hopes, by share of' public patronage.

"New Bedeque Road, July 5th, 1841. N. B. WANTED,a good active Man,

-will be given.

English LADY, accustomed to Tuition? both _in is desirous of meeting with an engagement in a ‘1‘“)! governess. For addre85,&.c. inquire at the Herald

N A: her own country and in France, Pul’ll' “A Music, French and Drawing, or family, as Office. Charlottetown, June 30.

the pre- near to lhe where the assured in the above Company have their Policies renewed, and where effected at moderate rates of premium, on Buildings, Furniture, Stock in Trade, and Ships on 1he Stocks-A share of the profits allowed to the assured. The Subscriber is empowered to settle losses in all ordinary cases,

CHARLES YOUNG, Agent. 7

H E Subscriber begs leave to inform the Inhabitants and the Island in general,that he intends BUTCHERING line, on Saturday, whenfi; is hfis ilptlgntion ted gavel; an ' l of all kinds of eat, re utter an on tr nxcenem Slippy and to attend every Market Day; keeping a good supply, to merit a

THOMAS HAYSTEAD.

as u Slaughterer, and who will occasionally work on n Farm,to whom liberal wages

depth; the reviving moisture ;

its roots is more lasting than that which it absorbs

rapidly, are speedily dried by the heat.

readily to the action ofthe roots, whether it be the soil its nutritive properties. custom observed by all agriculturists, and of which

as peas, beans, potatoes, and other roots, are sown ’ furrows, at equal distances from each other, the soil

thus rendered light, soft, and favourable to thee

whilst, at the same time, weeds,

ment afforded by the ground, are destroyed; and. soil rendered more fit to receive the rain, and com it to the roots. real, but I hold them to be secondary, to the advantage derived from opening access to t

earth in contact with them.

and upon the . efi'ects ofthis meth

“‘I have uniformly observed the to be equally of beet-roots, and Ihave never employed any other

came yellowish and drooping; in'

themselves out, although no rain may

ONE or Two APPRENTICES mesn to the

P‘m‘P and Blockmaking business. Apply to

WATSON DUCHEMIN.

February 19th. 1841.

I

the other culinary roots. “ In the south of France,

It is in such a season as this, that the' necessity of perfectly draining arable land may be clearly demon- strated. Ploughed land, that is not sufficiently drained, will in :1 Wet spring be converted into a mass of mud, and when dried again by the heat of summer, will have lost all the good effect that should have been produced Indeed, it is to the imperfect draining of arable land, that our light crops are to be A ploughed

must be unfit to re- agaiii ploughed—It may be sown and burrowed, it is true, but there cannot be any reasonable expectation ofa good crop on land that is too hard to admit the roots ofthe plants growing upon iteo extract and find nutriment to support and

their support from the earth, and are not like animals endowed with the power of locomotion, but are always fixed to a limited portion of the soil. They depend upon the small space which they occupy for the supply of their wants, and can place under con-

earth and water that come in contact with them. It is necessary, tlien,that they should find immediately

secure from It ed

and this it cannot be if not

The following observations, from “Chaplat’s Agri- cultural Chemistry,” are well worthy the attention of farmer who will read be convinced of their truth and

“ The air may be considered as a vehicle, constant- a quantity of water in vapour, of which the coolness of the night causes it to deposit a part upon the earth.’ The surface of the ground, and the

evaporate this

7 m'di’l'fng ‘he‘l‘m‘llr' ’bm“°"“ “yield the means of reproduction and night; thus, by an alternate movement, determined by

to preserve them from the excess of heat, which would wither and dry up their

them is deposited the greatest part ofthe M

exhalations, though beneficial to vegetation, are almost is not without reason In southern climates, where the heat of the sun is more intense, and rains less frequent than in the nothern, vegetation which are very abundant. ' In order that the dews of night may produce their best necessary that the soil

and forms, the action of the air,'an impenetrable crust, the dew is deposited upon the surface, and evaporated by the

so that ofthe organs that serve to convey nourishment to the plants, the leaves arethe only ones benefited by the

It is necessary, in such lightened, and divided, so that the air may convey the water with

every part of the earth surrounding them, to a certain thus the plant can imbibe, through all its pores, and that which it received by

any other way, because the roots, being sheltered from the direct rays ofthe sun, evaporation takes place less and the moisture is retained, whilst the leaves Besides, that earth which is most easily affected by the dews, yields most fix the plant firmly, by their extension, or to draw frOm

“This explains, in a natural manner, the origin ofa

acknowledge the advantage—When vegetables, such

the intervals is hoed, or dug. With the utmost care, and

which would be hurtful to the cultivated plants, by deperlng lhem 0f nOUI’lSh'

I do not deny that these benefits are and subordinate

air, and permitting it toneposit its dews up0n the roots,

speedy and favourable in the cultivation

restore their vegetation to its freshness, when they be- three or four hours

it will become a beautiful green, and the leaves spread have fallen ; and

this often when the soil had not contained a single weed. I have observed the same effect produced upon

where it hardly ever rains

during the summer, the foot of each setting of the vine is laid bare, by digging around it a circular trench, deep and Wide enough to contain, uncovered, the stump, and the radicles proceeding from it, and the opening is speedily covered over bv the leaves and branches. It is evident that this method has no other advantage than that of facilitating the access of the air to the roots, that it may deposit there the dews with which it is more abundantly charged than in cold cli- mates—if it were not thus, this practice would expose the y’ines to be dried up by the scorching heat of the sun. t

The above observations are manifestly correct, and it must consequently be evident to every experienced farmer, how necessary it is in this climate, that the land under crops should be in a loose and open state to re- ceive the beneficial effects of air and moisture. It is on this principle that it would be extremely desirable to introduce drilling crops of grain, and subsequently hoe- ing them, at least once before coming into ear. This would insure a more perfect cultivation of the soil, be- cause seed could not be drilled. in, unless the soil was open and well pulverized. ' '

There is not clertainly much encouragement to ex“. pend capital and labour on our arable lands, while wages are high, andproduce low; but it is equally certain, that unless the labour that is necessary to produce good crops be expended on our tillage lands‘,it would be better to leave them waste. The prospects of the Canadian agriculturists may soon be more cheering. If any measures can be adopted that would be likely to prove beneficial to the interests of Our agriculture, we un- doubtedly are entitled to expect that they will be adopt-

r-

[a

ir is S, s,

's I think I cannot better conclude this communication

than in the following words of“ Bronterre” 2—“ Of all human occupations, agriculture is not only the most essential to man’s existence, but also the most condu- cive to his health, his innocence, and his happiness. Surrounded by the beauties of earth, as it were under

the eye of heaven, be naturally imbibes a more genial temperament both of body and mind than those confined in the murky atmosphere of cities, amidst the din and bustle ofthe workshop, or the higgling and chicanery of dishonest barter, with its attendant cares and devour- ing excitement. Agriculture is, moreover, the most profitable occupation, as regards the whole community; for, being the basis of all other occupations, its pros-

e-

prosperity to all the rest.—-The agriculturist produces and reproduces not only the food consumed by all em— ployed upon the land, during the process both ofculti- vafl'on and vegetation, but also the food of every other description of person. whatever his occupation in so— ciety. Without a sufficient supply of food, and of the raw materials ofclothing, such as wool, flax, hides, See. which agriculture alone yields; without this sufficient “plydnfinghme re reduction, all manufactures and commerce would stan ‘slill, as well as agriculture it- self. Considered, then, merely as a means to an end, and narrowing that end, as the political economists do, to the mere production of wealth, with scarce” any reference to its distribution and enjoymem, agriculture is the first and most important of all industrial per-suited! In no country on earth is it so, if not in Canada, and one would imagine it should be so regarded, and valued and encouraged accordingly.

at is

in

th

SB

Y5 WM. EVANS.

Cote St. Paul, June 2, 1841.

BAD PRACTICES or FARMERS.-—1. That of exhaust- ing land by over-cropping. President Madison attri- buted this to the effect of‘ habit,’ continued after the reason for it had ceased to exist. Whilst there was an abundance of fresh and fertile soil, it was the interest of the cultivator to spread his labour over as great a surface as he could. Land being cheap and labour dear, and the land co-operating powerfully with the la- bour, it was profitable to draw as much as possmle from the land. Labour is now comparatively cheaper, and land dearer. Where labour has risen in price four fold, land has risen ten fold at least.

2. The evil ofpressing too hard on the land has also been much. increased by the bad mode of plowing up and down hilly land, which, by exposing the loosened soil to be carried off by rains, has hastened more than any thing else the waste of its fertility.

3. The neglect of manure is another’ error. It is traced to the same cause with excessive cropping. In the early stages of cultivation in this country, it was more convenient and more profitable to bring new land into cultivation, than to improve old land. The failure of new land has long called for the improvement of old land; but habit has kept us deaf to the call.

4. Among the best means of aiding the productive- ness of the soil, is irrigation—a resource which abounds in this to a much greater extent than in any other coun- in t in

of

of

in to

in

to

all

tr.

'5. Mr. Madison conceived it a gross error that horses should be so generally used instead of oxen, and his reasoning is pretty conclusive in favour of the ox.

6. Too many neat cattle are kept in proportion to the food provided for them. As a farm should not be cultivated beyond the point at which it can be kept in good heart, so the stock of cattle should not be kept in reater number than the resources of food can keep in

ir,

he FY

ANECDOTE or THE DUKE or PORTLAND.——-The Duke found that one of his tenants, a small farmer, was falling, year after year, intoarrears of rent. The Duke rode to the farm, saw that it was rapidlv deteriorating, and the man, who was really an expeiieiiced and in-' dustrious farmer, totally unable to manage it, from po‘ verty. In fact, all that was on the farm was not enough to pay the arrears. “John,” said the Duke, as the farmer came to meet him as he rode- up to the house, “I want to look over the farm a little.” As they went along. “ Really,” said he, “ everything is in very bad case. This won't do. I see ‘you are quite under it. Allyour stock and crops won’t pay the rent in arrear. de1 tell . you what 1 must do; I must take the farm into my own hands; you shall look after it for me, and I will pay you your wages.” Of course there was no saying nay—the poor man bowed assent. Presently there came a reinforcement of stock, then loads of manure; at the proper time seed, and wood from the plantations for repairing gates and buildings. The Duke rode over frequently. The man exerted himself, and seemed really quite relieved from a load of care by the change. Things speedily assumed a new aspect. The crops and stock flourished; fences and out-buildings were put into good order. In two or three rent days, it was seen by the steward’s books that the farm was making its way. The Duke on his next visit said“ “ Well, John, I think the farmdoes very well now. We will change again; you shall be tenant again, and, as you now have your head fairly above water, I hope you will be enabled to keep it there.” The Duke rode off at his usual rapid rate. The man stood in astonishment; but a happy fellow he was, when, on applying to the steward, he found that lie was actually re-entered as tenant to the farm just as it stood in its restored condi- tion. I will venture to say, however, that the Duke himselfwas the happier man of the two.——W Hewitt.