i

if-i;nnUARY.. .12. 1951

:THE'EDUCA TIONAL Homzozv

OF INTEREST T0 TEACHERS AND ALL OTHER! SEEKING

givassauuno news

Eomnou wuss. Manon -to, - 10th, 1951

is is eduoItlnn'I (rest 1,:I;:tu:lI:' to Win the under mm W at; .i- eommunitui I)31'”"l if Province. Education Wee): focuus ubiic attention on the school and funcflall. The school is a pro- uslva institution in an ever gmging world. It awakens us- lrationa. develops the learn nz iirills nurtures an aliPi'9i1iB'-10") 0! iii. beauties and WOHQGYI 01 Ill' we and science. teaches how our

f THE SALARY SITUATION

.

ivhaie teachers generally are re- mving many more dollars in take- than they did ten years

AND VIEWS

ma GUARDIAN. cnsnporragrowu I

. IMPROVEMENT IN UDIJCATION

civilisation has come about and how the whole human family is knit together and dependent one on the other. The school offers opportunities to satisfy the im- pulse to create and provides alt- uatlons that build good citizen- ship. Success in achieving these things depends upon the quality of the teachers. the foresight of the trustees and the co-operation of the public. Education-Every body's Business.

provement in the position over 1939 but merely to maintain rel- atively the some purchasing pow-

"”'"”.ii:.y. have not actually im- er enjoyed a decade ago, the 'g;.ed their position in a decade salaries would have to be increas- :.he,, 11 comes to a matter of ed as indicated in the following piirclrasinil I30W9l'- hbk:

without allowind ii" In! im-

S 1 Comparable Salary Ag::::,eb,,.l1.(i?o December 1950 51.000 31.710 31.200 :3-gig?

31.500 . 5 32.000 83-420 52,500 34.275 53,009 3130 s3.5oo .985 94.000 36.840 54,500 81.695 -C. P. Newsletter. INSECT PESTS

insect pests can be grouped 30- cording to the kind of harm they The chief groups are: 1.

giop pests. 2. Garden pests. 3. insects which damage our forest

and shade trees. 4. Orchard Dell!- 5. Insect pests in our buildlnsl and in our stored products. 8. insert cruisers and carriers of discnsc.

No. 6. The housefly may bring ,i;..,.a,-.. germs to us on its feet. It axis many different kinds of food. in its search for food it may by chance gather typhoid 89""! -"iii iis feet and then leave them on clean food if it walks across it.

if there were no mosquitoes. there would be no malaria. Mal- ena. especially in the tropics. is it dangerous disease. It is caused in :1 small. animal disease lerm winch must live part of its life in His: body of a certain kind of

INSECT FRIENDS

We have many insect friends which supply us with many useful materials. -

The honeybee came from Asia. but now it is found far and wide over the world; Many of the honeybees are domesticated. They supply us with honey and bees- wax. Honey was the only im- portant source of sular the peo- ple of ancient times had.

One important use of beeswax is in the manufacture of comb foundations for domesticated bees to use in storing honey they make. some beeswax is used in polishes and varnishes IThe silkworm. It is an Asiatic insect but it is raised in other phris of the world where the while mulberry tree can be grown successfully. Silk comes from the cocoon which the larva of the silk moth spins for it-

if

flmquer and shellac are made mm the secretions of the lac in- mix. This insect is a native of India. They belong to the I"!!! group of scale insects. -Carmine. another red pigment. nmes from the cochlneal insect l Mexico. Carmine is not used so much as it once was-other dyes more easily made in large Amounts have taken its D1360- hut foods and drugs are still often coloured with it.

insects such as carpenter ants. white grubs. salt flies and grass-

TIIE PUEITANS - FILL IN THE IILANK5

The Puritans were a group in -1 who. though they were loyal in the 1 Church, wished to : in their own war. For this they were fined and otherwise -.

in 1628 a group of Puritans Came to America and Milled near ihc -- settlement in -. The Purltans were hard working peo- Dlc who ehgaged in --. ---. and --. They hpd very strict r- views and forbade -- or Klimt-s of any kind. the wearing

Tl!!! PILGBIM FATHERS

in England during the -- part "i the S century. there were Wee -- groups. The Roman catholics: those who belonged to (he established church, the Church ” Eiitland. and those Protestants Who did not and were called -- 0r i. A group of Dlasenters left England and went to the only country in Europe at the Will where freedom of -- was mowed. Later the” people be- came dissatisfied the -- WIY of life and decided to seek a new in --.

mosquito. When it mosquito carrying malaria germs bites- a person, it leaves in the wound some of the germs. which may grow and cause malaria. Malaria is most common in swampy rc- gions, because mosquitoes breed best there.

The tsetse fly carries sleeping sickness much as mosquitoes carry mnlarln. If there were no tsetse fly. there would be no sleeping sickness.

Yellow fever is another disease which is carried from person to person by insects. It is also car- ried by a certain kind of mos- quito. Many other human dis- eases are carried by insects. in- sects may carry many diseases of wild nnd domesticated animals too. The insects which carry dis- eases are the Most dangerous of all our insect enemies.

hoppers are used as food in many places.

Some insects furnish useful drugs. From the bodies of the blister beetles, for example. comes a substance called cantharidin. It is rubbed on the skin certain diseases. It was discover if in 1914 that in cases of bone inflamma- tion the larvae or muscle. of certain files help to heal bones. The study of how these insects helped -bones to heal led to the discovery of allsntoin """h has proved to be very helpful in cases of bone inflammation.

Insects such as bees. moths, flies, and wasps are of enormous help in carrying pollen from flow- er to flower.

Insect plant-esters help us ze! rid of weeds. If a certain kind of insect eats a plsnt we want. it is an enemy. if it feeds on weeds. it is a friend.

The town of Rodosto near Is- tanbul in Turkey is noted for its export of silkworms' eggs.

India's population is estimated at 341800.000. -

General Dwight Eisenhower of the United States was named by President Truman as commander- in-chief of at least one million men

for the protection of Western Europe. Mr. George Prudham. Edmon-

ton. has been appointed Federal Minister of Mines and Technical Surveys,

of - such as belts and Jewel- lery. Their church services were very long; sermons sometimes lasting - hours and prayers were often more than -- hour long. For -- rules the settlers would be punished. :. placed in --. or might even have their ears cut off. The City of -- was founded by the Puritans who also founded --.Ul-ilversity in

Two ships. the Speedwell and the -- set out from England. The -- proved unseaworthy but the -- sailed to America. a -voyage which lasted -- months. The colonists landed on the shores of what is now -. Their lead- er was Miles Standish. A colony. which they named -. after the English port from which they had sailed. was bolun.

The colonists worked hard and their colohy -. heir work consisted of farming. - and - with the Indiana.

F .

chief .

IIIIIDOI. XII

After the first year, during which the - taught. them to -- their own corn by burying a dead fish in each hill. the first

Within a circle of wooded hills. watered by three rivers. is Can- berra. the "Dital of' Australia. The people of Australia selected this site for their capital in 1009, after long debate. Like the cap- ital of the United States in Wash- ins. D. C., it is a city made to order.

Inichooslng the place where their capital was to be located. the Australians conaide ed several things. They wanted this Com- monwealth capital to be close to the state capitals. and they want- ed communication with it to be good. They wanted a pleasant climate. and the shape of the ground had to be suitable 'for a city. . The problems of water sup- ply. drainage, soil. closeness of building materials and fuel paup- piles. and other things had .to be considered.

The site finally chosen for the capital is in the southeastern part of Australia. about 80 miles from the coast. The site is 2.000 feet above sea level and the climate in mild. The average summer temperature is 67.5 degrees. The evernge winter temperatue is 41.8 degrees.

The state of New South Wales gave an area of about 900 square miles at this site for the capital district. and 212.000 acres were brought from private owners;

In March 1913. ceremonies were held to mark the beginning of construction of the city.

The capital was planned around a district along the Molonglo

Plans are under way for har- nessing the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers for flood control and irriga- tion. Many centuries ago an excellent irrigation system watered the fer- tile valleys of Iraq. At that time the country was known as Mes- opotamia which means ''land be- tween the rivers." It was the center of a fine civilization. The wheel. the building arch. and the ldea of dividing the day into 24 hours all came from there.

But. when the Mongol hordes invaded the country In the 13:): century. the irrigation system was

Several people were killed arid many were injured in the wake of a mighty volcanic eruption which bloated out an entire side of Mount Lamingimr. New Guin- ea'g "extinct" volcano.

Layers of volc ash hamper- ed efforts of rescue workers to reach the scene. Ashes slfteli one inch deep on the street of Port Morcsby. The entire north- ern face of the mountain was blown away. '

The mountain is in the heart of

On December 13. announcement was made in London and Wash- ington that Marshall plan aid to Great Britain would be suspend- ed on January 1. I951. as a re- sult of the improvement of Britain's dollar position in world

1. What conditions gave rise to the movement for a federal union of the provinces of British North America? -

From the time of Lord Dur- ham there had been advocates of the confederation of the provinces of British North America. but the obstacles seemed too great. One of the obstacles was distance. The railway age offered a solution for the problem. and also a furth- or reason for confederation so that an intercolonlal railway might be more easily financed. Confeders tlon was in popular idea in many parts of the world. and the need for union for strength was forc- ihly brought home to Canadians by the danger of war with the United States. Civil war was raging ihere from 1861 to 1864. and the Trent affair and other Incidents almost brought Britain and the United States to blows. At the close of the war Fenian: in the United States did make raids into Canada and New Brunswick. Ill feeling caused the United States to abrogate the Reciprocity Treaty in 1886. and the British provinces felt that they must look to each other for trade as well as de- fence.

The Maritime Provinces were considering union among them- selves. Canada had reached a state of political deadlock and Gait. McGee. Brown. MacDonald. Cartier and others turned to Con- federation as a solution of the problem. They sought admission to the Maritime Conference at Charlottetown .In 154. and the movement culminated in the Brit- ish North America Act of 1861. 2. State the chief reasons for the growth of settlement in West- ern Canada during the time Sir Wilfred Laurie: was Premier of Canada.

He became Premier of Canada in I808. and during his term in office a tvmblnatlon of circum- stsrfces brought it great influx of settlers to than West. Canada was lht vividly to the Attention o the world bi l.aurier'a lead- ing part at Queen Victoria's r Diamond Jubilee in 181. by the

CANBERRA

River. Streets radiated from vn- levy and collect taxes. The com- rlous centres so that the town Cisslon also has charge of do- plan resembled several isplrler mestic housing and of the develop- webs joined to each other. The mom and administration of the Molenglo River was dammed to territory. IRAQ

' vomano anurrs

MARSHALL All) T0 BRITAIN ENDS

HISTORY

American r- Day was held in the Iutumny of 1621. The -- Jolned them in the celebration.

form a series of lakes. around which are beautiful parks. On a hill on the south side of the river stands the capitol with the other government buildings grouped around it.

The. business. industrial. and residential sections are each as- Bilhed to is definite area. Walcr IUPDIY. roads. parks. power, sew- age systems. and a brick works have all been provided. A dam was conatructed to hold the wat- ers 'of the Cotter River and its tributaries. This dam provides enough pure water for 70.000 per- parks

sons. City avenues and have been well laid out with ornamental trees and attractive

gardens. The residential districts of the capital city have attractive homes. The schools are excellent. There are two extensive banking and shopping centres.

Since Canberra is about 80 miles lnlund. the city planners provid- ed for.two square miles at Jervis Bay on the Pacific Coast. This section was set aside for a federnl port and naval college. to be con- nected with Canberra by rall.. Government. The district of Canberra is administered by a commission of three persons hold- ing terms of three years each. This commission is controlled by the minister for home and ter- ritories in the Commonwealth gov- ernment. The commission may make by-laws and ordinances for the good government of the ter- rltnry. It. controls the lands of the territory and has power to

destroyed and for Iraq the hands of time stopped.

The 4 1-2 million Iraqul people -mos: of them Arabs-live much as their ancestors did. in tents or mud huts. The majority are farmers or wondering iribesmcn who herd camels. sheep. and goats. Yet all Iraq needs in order to be a prosperous land is Will"- lts soil is fertile and produces grain. tobacco. and cotton. plus four-fifths of the world's dntez. Its climate. though extremely hot

winter. is favorable for farming. t -W.A.

the iungle. not far from the Kokoda trail. over the Owen Stan- ley Mountains, along which Aus- tralians and Americans fought the Japanese in the Second World War.

Immigration: In 1950. 74.000 immigrants came to Canada. One hundred and fifty thousand new immigrants may come to Canada this year. including more than 30.000 from the United Kingdom. The remainder will come from Western Europe and will include some refugees.

trade.

Officials in Washington stressed that the United Statea' would continue to give Britain money to spur her new armament pro- gram. The arms fund is distinct from the Marshall Plan.

cord of the Mounted Police dur- ing the rush. and by the services of Canadians in the Boer War. Both the C. P. R. and Clifford Sifton. Minister of the Interior. seized the opportunity to adver- tise the advantages of Canada illmillhout Europe and the United States. The United States had filled up rapidly and many of its citizens. as well as the immigrants from Eurdpe. cage.-Hy look advant- age of the cheap land of the Canadian prairies.

3. Chief developments in' trans- portation in Canada between 1815- 1867 were:

Eldltint roads were extended and by 1816 Montreal was con- nected with Kingston. The next' year the road was complet r' to York. In 1828 a military high- WIY. the "Kempt Road". joined Canada and the Maritimea and by 1827 there was a through road from Halifax to Amherstburg op- Dolita Detroit.

This was also an age of canal building. the Lachine being open- ed in 1825. the Welland in 1 Ind the Rldesu in 1832. By 1 vessels of nine feet draught could pass from Chicago to the sea and was now able to use to full -ovant-as the new invented steamship. As early as 1800, the steamboat Accommodation had been built at Montreal and there were now steamers .on all the lifter rivers and lakes ready to provide mourn service when the canals were completed.

'1' he Ililtis were the boom years In building railways. In IMO the Csnadlhn Government offered rsnteos to railways that ful- filod its conditions and soon sev- eral were under construction. the St. Lawre ca from Montreal to Portland. sine. the Northern from pronto to Georgian Bay. h the G at Western from Niagara to Detroit. and many smaller lines. Gnllest of all was the Grand Trunk which began building in 1952 and by 1800 stretched from Sarnla to Riviera du Loup. Thus by 1”? Canada hadrdono much to overcome her slow beglnnln: in railway hslldlnl arweil as t dovelo all other means of trans-

takon sold rusn. Moths fine rs-

In Mag Illa Write the or t . which last for completing the

IIVIIMA '1'!!! onions "triangle; Odullstnall

n

portst on.

(2) isosceles; (3) (4) right. --. . 0" l is an algebraic

l.Atrl

in summer And, bitter cold. in .

ma. Elhrough it a vnatulds of lines (3) one; (4)

y. -2.

an identity. --

products;

Bnsies. an exterior angle is eqi-ill to an

The whole poem sugizcate gets close on the stag.

as the stag breaks away

to do so. Early autumn; Who was 'I'inkerman's

hell - ol- the - North? T h .- hounds. Explain.

ahead. Answer,

lnrgc. rather coarse leaves which arises the

Uses: fringes of wood-lands. woodland glades.

in

given point not V lkzetlsenusnbe: which can be parallel to thst line is (1) two: (2) three.

4. A VIII-Ig1WhlCIl'IlClIlleI on equation is called (1) a root; a fictor; (3) the coefficient: (4)

(I)

5. A polygon in which the sum of the interior angles equals thst of the exterior angles formed by Glhndins the sides. in order. is (1) a triangle; (2) hexagon: quadrilateral: (C) pentagon. --.

ii. The numerical coefficient of an algebraic expression shows that number of equal (1) factors; (2) (3) roots: (4) addends.

(3)

7.. If is triangle has three equal (ll interior angle: (2) twice on interior angle; (3) half

THE IIUNNABLE STAG .

Note the movement of ihe poem. the I-'d"0DiHK of a hunt. but certain sections show excited preparation. increased movement as the hunt renewed movement. less certain of success again. Try to "spot" these changes. You may have to read several times

1. What time of the year was it? when the apples hesan to be golden skinned. pup and chief 3. The pace Brew hot. for the scent lay well. and arunnable stag goes right . The hounds he-

feet high. with it basal rosette of from unbranched. erect. lenfy. flowering stems. Flow- ers numerous. nodding. narrowly bell-shaped. purple to white. more

As a border plant. at the open Varlous prepar-

of an interior angle: (4) one-third of an interior angle. --. )3. An equation which is true for any values whatsoever 'of the un- nawn is called (1) quadratic; 2) le: 3) radical: (1) an identity; (5) a perfect square.

9. The part of a theorem which states what is to be proved is sometimes called the (1) conclus- ion: 2) hypothesis. demons- tration: (4) proposition. -..

preuion is divided by the signs plus and minus are called the (1)

partial products: (2) roots: (3) turns: (4) quoieents. -. 11. The sum of the angles

around a point in a plane is equal to (1) 180 degrees; (2) two straight angles; (3) e pentagon: (4) hexagon. --

Zln to travel fast for the scent was heavy and easy to follow and a runnablo stag picks the easiest road. 4. What happened to the stag? He made for the ocean and swam until exhausted. then drowned. 5. What picture do we term of the stag? The picture is somewhat indistinct. but we know it was a iarize stag. swift of foot and with fine horns. 6. Does the writer intend us to pity the stag? No. 7. Do you con-

2. sider the ending satisfactory? Yes.

The stag rather than be caught and killed by the hunters took his own life after making every ef- fort he possibly could to preserve

MATCH

1. Linseed Oil. ta) Palm tree. 2. Turpentine. (b) Poppy plant. 3. Opium. (c) Clnchona.

4. Qurnlne. (d) Pine tree.

5. Digitalis. (e) Flax plant. 6. Atropine. (f) Foxglove.

7. Rubber. lg) Belladonna. 8. Coconut Oi. (hi Mold plants. 9. Macaroni. (i) Manlhot.

10, Penicillin. (1) Wheat.

FOXGIDVE It lg a hardy biennial 3 go 5 medicine. Spill Ordinary. mod-