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THE GUARDIAN

lututown, P E. l.. y flu Thomson Comvlllv Limited. 'f.)cvu-I felon IIIIM mun-un III an" Editor. Funk Wllker Oeuerll Innuor. In A. Burnett Branch offices II SUIIIDIIIIOC. Loxun Ind Albanian. Autum- Iud as Second Club III! by Post Office Dlvlrtuulll. ' 0ttIwI. - By uarnerl Charlottetown. sununenldo Il5.00 pet uuun. III. when in P I! I 09.00 Otbu Pmvuicu Ind U. I A. 011.0! per Ilullun.

"The strongest memory is weaker ulll the weakest Ink."

TUESDAY, JAN. 4, I955

A"l Excellent Start

Noteworthy among the things for which we lnay be thankful is the magnificent highway traffic record set by the Province during the Christmas and New Year holi- days. Police reported no serious traffic ac- cidents of any kind, notwithstanding that driving and walking conditions, especially during the last week-end, were unusually difficult. If we can keep this up during the months ahead, it will be a magnificent

contribution to our civic centennial ob- servance. . Meanwhile in the United States the

National Safety Council has had occasion to report New Year's week-end highway accidents as having reached the proportions of a nationzll disaster. "As a killer,'' says the Council president, ttHurricane Hazel- which swept up the east coast last fall- was a piker compared to the tidal wave of carelessness. selfishness and cold indiffer- ence that is piling up a holiday death toll on our highways which should shame any civilized nation. We couldn't stop Hazel; but we can stop this."

In no spirit of complacency, let its hope that in this little Province of Canada we may continue to set an example that will spark the movement which the Safety Council has in mind. Needless to say it will prove of immeasurable benefit and ad- vantage to ourselves."

I More Useful Than Annoying

Neither the English sparrow nor the starling is accorded any great measure of affection. And there is no denying that there are times when both species make nuisances of themselves. In some large cities public outcry against them has re- sulted in drastic measures being taken by civic authorities to curb their noisy and not, particularly musical chatter. It is doubt- ful, however, that any method of manis de-' vising can be expected to reduce their num-i hers very considerably: at least, that is the; opinion of one ornithologist who says thati in a ten year period the progeny of one pair, of starlings amounts to about 275 biliions.l According to the same authority, both the starling and its cousin the English sparrow, are more useful than annoying. In fact he goes so far as to say that but for them and other remotely connected relatives who join them from time to time in their continual war against insects, the insect hordes would take over absolute control of the earth in a very few years. .

During the fledgling period ii

motheri

feeds her young about 350 destructive In-;

I : sects daily; the spar-row's record is even bet-l

ter the number being in the vicinity of 500. During the winter season the pickings must be very scarce indeed: nevertheless. the

3” birds manage to get along somehow - at.

least many of them do - and, unlike their-

more popular associates, such as the robin: ,best of a

3bad situation and stay Where HWY 3''9- so

as to be on hand for the early SPTIWZ Wofik-I it is certain, therefore. that. C0"Sld9i"”g their usefulness and their plucky Ways. 31 little food handed out to them on cold days is hv no means wasted. They Will WY fl" it myanv times over when the farmer's real enemies-the potato bugs. the m0th5- fhel cutworms, the leaf hoppers. and the wire-,

annual campaign of ravage find W3'5le- j

Important Events

Probably no two P9950” W0uld agree?"

any specific list of the most outstanding events in 1954 from the standpoint of the 1iyear's over-all contribution to the welfare .30; mankind. Perhaps, however, the follow-1 ing ten would be given more or less prom- ilient places in almost any list.

1. The announcement on March 31 by the chairman of the United States Atomic Energy Commission that it is Q1319 POSSIW-' to build an H-bomb capable of destroylnz any city on earth. This may hell) 85 much u' any other single factor in.PF9V9"tln8 810'

?hi war; 2. The beginning of the Salk- lvnccine tests for polio on April 26. If these are successful-there.is good h0Pe "Wt fthuy will be-they will mark mgreat ad- vance in man's fight. against disease; 3- &1-iid United States Supreme Court ruling on 31.3517 Igairlst racial sensation in public -I schools. Inurmtnlgmmum-vwmmtm I I up world demoe-

, I

This should be of much hssistance to gEu- ropean security 'which, iii its turn, is vital to world peace; 5. The ending of the Indo-China war on Aug. 11. While peace that followed is far from satisfactory, it did help, for the time being at least, in keeping a regional conflict frmn developing into world war;l 6. Britain's pledge (Sept. 29) to maintain troops permanently on the continent of Europe in the event of France's consenting to plans for West German rearin- ament. Without this pledge it is doubtful that France would ever enter into any sc- cord with the Germans; 7. The British agreement with Egypt on .the Suez Canal Zone, signed on Oct. 19.

between the Arab States and the Western world, the little military inconvenience to Britain will have been justified; 8. The signing of the Paris agreements (Oct. 22) which, if and wheri ratified by all the legis- lative bodies concerned, will admit West Germany to the North Atlantic military alliance. There can be no European secur- ity without West German co-operation; 9. The United Nations' denunciation on Dec. 10 of the imprisonment of United States airmen by Red China. Regardless of the outcome, it is of some value to civilization that the great majority of United Nations delegates can join in condemning I brazen departure from international law and de- cency; 10. The ratification by the French Assembly on Dec. 30 of the Paris agree- ments. This is the most hopeful sign to date that the ancient rivalries between the French and Germans may be coming to an end. Neither country could make any greater single contribution to. the security of the free world.

EDITORIAL .NOTES

.Week of Prayer. 0 0 U

That we are making progress educa- tionally is indicated in the excellent review of 1954 activities appearing in yesterday's issue. As the Deputy Minister, Dr. Shaw, points out, however, the teacher supply problem has not improved. Perhaps great- er inducements will have to be made to at- tract young people to this vitally important profession. ' ' I ll 0 o I

There is good reason for the satisfac- tion expressed by Hon. Dougald MacKin- non, Minister of Public Works and High-

lways, in the progress made in his depart-

ment last year. The work was achieved despite unfavorable weather conditions, which was given as the cause for the lag in highway construction in other Provinces. We could have used the same alibi here, had we needed it.

0 I O

The Nuffield Foundation is to set aside .E250,0()0 for the benefit of the new Colonial University Colleges. From this capital sum the University College, lbadan, Nigeria, and the University College of the West Indies, Jamaica. are to receive grants of 150,000 each. Grants to other Colonial University

"' Etatflinfl. 885i-9160 at times by he" (i0"50iitv,lColleges, including a scheme of research

into education in the colonies, are being considered by the Foundation.

I O O

The present aggregate strength of the American Army, Air Force, Navy and Mar- ines is 3,218,000, a'figure which means, ac- cording to the Globe and Mail, that with not quite eleven times Canada's population the United States has nearly thirty times as many men under arms. President Eisen- hower proposes cuts in the army and the sea-going services but not in the air force. By June. i956, total strength will be down to 2,815,()()0.

O O .,I

Joseph Jacques Ccsaire Joffre, French soldier, was born this date 1852, died this date 1931. He joined the army during the Franco-Prussian war, served in various colonial expeditions, one of which he re- cords in "My March to Tlmbuctoo." He reached high command, therefore, with slight practical or theoretical preparation for modern war. His plan to turn the German right; flank at a critical moment saved Paris and his inspiring confidence probably saved France.

0 J O

. Who would want to take chances on being elected to the House of Commons when he could look forward to sitting In the House of Lords as a peer of the realm? Anthony Wedgewood Benn, British Labour member and heir to Viscount Stsnagate, for one. With his eyes on the future he wants to renounce his succession In favour of his three-year-old son. But hereditary

titles are not easy things to surrender. Flat e

of all the House of Lords must give permis- sion for the matter to be liament. Then, a Personal ii, by luv pm vided, mint go through the not-inst count of ioglntauon. oniywhcn it.,iiis roam!

the

If, as it is expect- - led, this agreement leads to better relations

ghtupInpIr- "in A

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PUBLIC FORUM

I'll: column In open to the Incin- Ilon by u...rupoudeut- of quulllnnl of Internal. TIII GIIrd.lIII Gnu nol Ioonnrlly Iudnru III opinion of -urrupoudonta. -.

READING TROUBLE

sir;-Dr. Flaschxs article on read- ing (Maclearrs. Jan. 1. 1955) cor- robomtes the findings of his coun- terpart, Howard Whitman, on the American side of the border. The two dissenting educators are re- miniscent of straw men set. up in a sham battle. As was to be expect- ed. they trotted out the only "pro- gremlve" argument; that has an aura of logic about it - the one about English being a non-phone- tic language, etc.

'I'hut.ob,tec't.ion to the phonic method was answered by an A- mericunteacher during the Whit.- man survey. She says: "Of the one- syllable words, the ones with which children learn to read, only thirty- elght per thousand are not ob- solutely phonetic. The rest of the lsnguoge is governed by workable rules and the exceptions are soon learned in day-to-day usage."

The exaggerated importance at- tlched to library circulation fig- ures is laughable. some children take books out of the library and get. either their father, or inother, to read for them. Many goody- goody parents. after doing Teddy's and Betty's homework, read them 3. few chapters from the library book. All the while they (the par- ents) wax complacent about how well their offspring are doing in school. If you doubt it. they tell you to read the latest. communi- cation from the school. It is writ- ten in gobbledegock, of course It says, in part: "The teacher will induce y ur child to evaluate his own abll y objectively enough to accept. reasonable levels of as- piration for future efforts which will stimulate effective learning," They can always get. an English translation of the above from Mr. X or Miss Y. But. Why bother? This sounds too nice to connote anything but progress.

Progressivlsts are very analytic. According to them there are two types of reading: ”recreatory" and ”tvork-type". Dr. Neatby says: "Llteratllrs apparently is recrea- tory and illdrcn must: not. be bothered too much about knowing what is in it.....with children there a.e real dangers, that lit.- eraturc. bc.r', recreatory, will be read casually without. adequate at- tention to lontent." The reading of many books in that way will be of little bsneflt. to the minds of their rcadva. In my humb': opin- ion, any .lft.h-grader who reads three books I week is eltlhff ne- glectink his studies or his h:lit.ii,

As to the scientific comparative test. made in Nebraska. between 5000 children ilf grades 3 no 8, taught phonetically in 1921. and the same number of children in the same grades taught by the word-method in 1917, I would say that. It is not conclusive. The test does not tltke into consideration the changes thin an interval of 20 years could produce in the

clan-lcnu that exercise indirect ln- v

fluonce on I child's reading po- tentlsl.

Whitmm of 0ollier's cltell I much morn conclusive but: A director of curriculum in one city stated tint "on the bllll of Itandudlnd mu given to oil students from grade on tthmlicb undo twelve 72 per cent. of the pupils were found to be lnulliquste renders." They won following tho word-xecocnh

don fnothod.

And thin to the nine magazine article: An Ivcnn lio- lnontuy School In Louisville. Kau- tuky. Ixporknented with Ito first zndcn. Idopt-tn; I running more nlquo which put. phonics first. The school? fin first-undo ' flnllhed thliir you with subver- Iu reading proficiency four months should of the nntlonal norms, Ian I third of the while were '0 full VON Ihcod. '

By Heath

The United Nations has been faced with many problems growing out. of colonallsm, and the protests of the Greek government over Cyp- rub and me Arab complaints about ri1'(3llCn control in North Africa. are still troubling the international scene. A new dispute, In another part of the world. now appears Like- ly to prove troublesome to the countries of tho western alliance.

Ill 1949 the Nether bowed to the inevitable and yiel ed con- trol of its East. Indies depende lulu to the sovereignty of the new re- public of Indonesia. There remain- ed however one area. of Dutch Jurie- diction, west New Guinea. or Irlm as the Indonesians call it. New Guinea is one of the largest islands in the world having an area of 812.- 000 square mlles. The eastern half of the Island is under Australian control while the western portion is under the direct. odnilnistration of the Netherlands. Indonesia now insists that the territory be turned over to its republican regime and Dutch masters wlthdl-awn.

0 O I

.

Some time ago the United Na- tions General Assembly passed I mild resolution urging the Nether- lands to resume negotiations with the Indonesian government. It is considered unlikely that the resolu- tion will be compiled with, since the Dutch maintain that Indonesia's demand that they get out at. once leaves no rodm for negotiation. For thelr part. the Indonesians affirm that man is their territory and should have been handed over in 1940. There is little ethnic basis for the claimsince the vast. major- ity of the native: on the Island are not Indonesian. Tlin motivat- ing force is that some heady nation- alism which has impelled Asian politicians in the post-war era.

Once again the European nations of the west are being made to up-

expressing that opinion. A better qualified voice than mine has rung out in condemnation of this In- Justice to the little folk. Mist: of Rev. Norman A, Madaon. Dean of Bethany Lutheran Theological SI- minary, Mankato, Minn.

In I letter to Colliers, Dean MI- dson writes: "Howard Whitman's article ought: to be made available to every American truly concern- ed about our educatlonsl processes. Let us have s uttlo more of the progress which dares to an for the old pablu. even if it leaves I few Ph. D. hunters frustrated. our children at least will be spared the Llumlllntlon of thinking they hsve lwirned to read when they have no ."

Couldn't some of the failures in the local fllld-yEiIS.l.&fl, upecinlly .l mathematics. "due to read- llic trouble? . I am, all-, etc.,'

W. J. ENIRIO-ET

The Age Old Story

- Remember therefore how thou hut received Ind hard, Illfl hold foot, and repent. If daem- foro thou IIIIII: not witch. I will oomoouHloouIthld,Indhou Ihdtnotknowwhlthourlwfu 2:0 upon Choc. Thou I lumen oven in Bulls which luvo not dsfllod heft (II-Iintq; Ind they shall mil with no in white: fa Hley'In warty. -.m.m....?m.L.

noun! wimp

Walls of the Inclonf komnn town of AnderidI still stand Il'Peven- may in Sussex. Englsnd.

I I T

; Iran: New Trouble -Spot

Mlcqunrrlu

pear as champions. of an outmoded colonialism. The United States coma in for sharp criticism in the Indon- eslan republic because of its Ibsen- tion on the U. N. gesolution Ind American displomacy is vitally con- cerned about Sout.h,EaIt Asia and anxious to make friends there. At. the Manila BEAIO conference the Indonesians were not in a.ttendI.noo and their eventual participation ll mode more unlikely by flu lrfm dispute.

0 I 0

On the othenhand the United states regards the Netherlands on I faithful ally and willing partici- pant. in the various schemes of European unity which Wuhlnstuu so strongly supports. To divest the Dutch of the last remnant of their former East Indian Empire is not regarded as I friendly move.

Beyond political considerations are the very important Fnllltary questions. The island of New Guinea. serves as a vital defence barrier for Australia, and Japanese penetration of the island is not. forgotten. Well remembered too Ire the costly battle by which Americln and allied forces reconquered the vast. island. Australia. New Zealnnd and Great. Britain. not unnaturslly. look. with misgiving upon any move which would tum over the vital territory to the weak hands of the Indonesian republic.

So 3. decision will not be reach- ed either quickly or easily. In the long run the Indonesians will prob- ably win their point. but perhaps not until after further bitterness and loss of prestige by the Nether- lands and its allies.

Research On Eskimos

By Walter Gray

Ability of the Eskimo to handle metal objects in sub-sero weather is under study by scientists of the defence research northern Ji:bol-I- for-y at this Hudson bay military base.

Experiments have shown that In Eskimo can hold for several sec- ond; fl - piece of metal that has lain indefinitely in the cold without

having the flesh of his hands frozen. A white man's flesh freez- es Instantly.

Research Isbeing carried out by Mace Coffey. head of the opera- tional reaearch section and Charles Eagan of Tottenham. 0nt., blo- physicist.

Information gained would be. of Ir endous value to the military forces in the handling of equip- ment by their men in Arctic wes- flier.

Mr. Eagnn hid In an interview that tests showed the Eskimo could hold for several seconds I metIl object while thy temperature hov- cred between 35 and 40 below, with a wind blowing from 35 to 00 miles In hour.

Ten . were brought to Port Churchill recently to r Ict II "guinea pigs" in this Ind odnr experiments. .

Preliminary tests hIvo been cu- rled out on two Eskimo: during he lost two yura. ,

Col. W. E. Bawden of Toronto. acting commander of Fort Giurchi ill. and 10 Eskimos In employed It the military bun.

"rhoy are the but typo of lnbor you can get,f' he said. Thu: Jr! mechanlcdly Inclined Ind , )lIl. tools with very llttlo

'11: E klm worinu no la some :i-sue: II In! din VI in

employee. he uld.

"the Eskimo: to turned our hsd in . WW neu," nid Col. II

1;

W "cit-.-ll vi” 7

y The Guardian Pngogi ;. ,., v . - . k Notes 31 THE WAY. wlro flnns on being L e Lumber cle1lenu'uiomerul....,i,,

Wlbh fixing prices. In Henry's day, win was used fa fixing Fords. -Chutham News.

BI: Anthony-lion Inn the that II no xenon to consider that the Soviet thrnt has dlmlnhhed. uny- bIIo.buttboreIsreuont.obq- linve that the threat: is more eco- nomic than military. '1b input it properly, action should be taken at leut. as much in the economic and social fiold. II in the military.

-OttIwI Gittlan.

The I000: Innfvonuy of Amsruo Vupucclfs birth It the you-and ll being rnlu-ked by issuance 'of two commemorative Iulnpu -in Itolv. This may seem like I lrnall thing. but Amorislfs Ihuio will bIve no cause to feel slight;-d. Thmuzb I mop-mnkei-'5 error the hemisphere Columbus rodlszovered bean Ameri- go's mine. Plot-tune hardly could do more thou that. to on an otherwise obscure mIn'I immortal- lby. At this stage the two stamps would seem to be sufficient to- molnbnneo. -Windsor Stu.

According to ” unstab- ers. those who live in houses with- out elevators and who ngulsrly climb flights of stairs may con- sider themselves as well-trained athletes. Ordinary walking burn: up 2,100 .cIlorleI per minute, ploughing uses twice ll many, bicycling requfru 6,300, Ind dig- ging ditches In loamy soil About 1,500 calories per m1nuto.. But climbing stairs uses more than 15.000 cslol-la: per minute Ind even more if Izho climber curries I load. No wonder we hIvo In Iutomstlc aversion to Itlii-I. - Brandon Sun.

Bl... ' h non I mm of mind than I system. We have I tndltlon of bipartlnn coopera- tion In foreign offsll-I which we should strengthen in tho two years Ihsnd. It II In honorable tradi- tion so well II I useful one. But. it can be destroyed as costly by ex- pecting too little. While the politi- cal shot Ind shall fl-y during the next: two you: Damocl-nu Ind Republican should both work hard at keeping this small area of con- strlictivo neutrality Intact. -300- ton I-Io:-old. '

A British colonial who came to ,CInsdI 2V: years no. Ind hoped to renew scquafintlllnces with I Canadian "Col. Wilson" he'knew in wurtirl-le.'got Into a familiar hu- man predicament. He didn't. know his lost friends first nIme, for tho reason he nolfer Isked it, hav- ing been content to address him as "Colonel." Some of us have this difficulty in reverse. We know I man for years as "Joe," or "Bill." without ever having learned his surname. Even if we get curious ,Ibout it. we hesitate to ask the man himself, since there seems to be no excuse for this ignorance. But once the British colonel got his problem before the public, through the newspnpen, it was solved quickly enough. The two colonel: have made contact again. It's I small world Ifter Ill. --Windsor Daily Star. ' SYDNEY, Australia (CP)-The government of New South Wales has passed the liquor amendment bill which extended the closing hour of hotels Ind club bars to 10 p.m. from 0 p.m. The bill becomes effective In February.

SHIRTS ' . LAUNDERED 10 PERFECTION

I arr: . WAY CLEANERS Dill 7387

like the do-it-yourself fId. They sell so muchvmoro m'I.ei-lal 1 ,9. place the wastage. - Port Arthur News-Chronlgle. ,

--Th! llillmlnl 'Ieuon w.. on and an old man .ook hjglancieuh Pointer out 101' it try It some Dheu. outs. Twice the do: pointed when gno birds were thorubout, but -Qnch time the dock owner advanced cautiously. kicked at I clump of grass. - wheeled Iharply tmq med into the empty ulr. Asked wbyfh, explained: "Spot's 12 years old and hlln0Bel.lll'I':Wlllt1tolllOdbohg but he title: so ma um I'd mm.-' waste I shell thou to In mm out I liar." -Country Qgngh. mm. -

It In In .......l1nuIta put of- hu. man Dante W u'.I:ach labels to peo. ple. T attacking of them in . form of lszlnpu. If you can tag somebody on good or bad, mm or stupid energetic or lay, you dont have to think any more about, lllm. or try to understmd mm, or bother to figure out why hg sets u he does. The ljbgh u. hardly ever really fair. for no hu- man being. even the most stupid, is simple eno ' .o be summed up in one word. But. unfair or hot, the,la.bel1ing happenagto gvgpy On” and it is something that everybody has to reckon with in his behaviour. -Hlmtltnn Spectator.

The IIIIWOI to .6110 world food problem may well be found in my set: which covers nearly three. quarters of the globe! surface and yet supplies only om per cent of man's food suppllqn Tho women of the world are veritable wonder. lands. Every oubic mile of the In contains 141 qllllion tons of com. mon salt, In addition to other minerals such I: magnesium Ind bromine which have olreody boon extracted commercially. A: In idoIl environment for plant growth eh: Ben 1! tlnbumuaed. Plants In built up from carbon dioxide and want under the enorgyiof the sun with the help of I few fertlunor . als. And In water contains in solit- tlon twenty or thirty time: so much carbon dioxide ll there is In an earth's atmosphere. It is the scan. of enormous plant growth and thus Of teeminlz animal life that feeds

a:...:i" PM -"-W ,2 Ag . I 7

FROM SNOW.

In the gloom of whltenou, In the great. silence of snow, A child was sighlng And bitterly saying: '0h, , They have killed I white bind up there on her nest. The down is fluttering n-om bar breastl' ' And still it fell through Ihlit ducky brightness ' , On the child crying for the bird of the snow. -Edward 'Il1anII.

Refrigeration , Bepalrll To All Makes

APPLIANCES, shuns o slmvios

, MOTORS Rewinding and ELECTRICAL gkepoln,

Palmer Electric

Phonon I543 I014

PrIuI6; at o prim . . . for big officer or molll Honk golwlno golden out fvmllliro you

can 50 pmd of . . . cl matdllng plea for my

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' I Including Inna drawn 7 puIII...yIlpolnIouIy, Mind. Scull? lodnyt 1