l{ASZARD'S GAZETTE. JANUARY 7.

U&

Vuivrturioiv. -— The only ventilation practicable in the houses of the working classes is that which is termed natural ven- tilation, which is caused b the ascent of heated air: the air which becomes impure b the notion of the lungs, or by the burning

candles, lamps, as, &c., or by the fire, in heated, and re red lighter than pure air; it therefore rises to the top, any cold, pure air takes its place. bus, to ventilate a room well, it isessential that there should be two openings, one above, by means of which the impure, heated air can pass out, and‘ another below, for the enterance of pure, cold air. In dwelling rooms, is ordinarily constructed, the im ure air is imperfectly carried away by the ruught of the chimney; it follows that the whole of the room above the level of the fireplace remains filled with air in a partially impure state; and the o nin s which air is admitted are usually left to chance. the cracks around and under the doors and windows being the means by which it ains an enterance. If these are not sufiicient to admit a roper quantity of air to supply the draught of the chimney, the latter necessarily smokes. A much better plan is, to admit the pure outer air by means of a plate of perforated zinc, placed, instead ofa pane of glass, in the upper part of one or more of the windows furthest from the fire; the air entering through the zinc in small treams, becomes so mingled wit the warm air 0 t e room, that a draught is prevented, and when the windows are opposite the fire, the whole air oftherootn is radually and impercep- tibly changed. If to this mode of admit- ting pure cold air, be added an opening in the chimney, near the ceiling, to allow the esca of the impure, warm air, much will be done for health and comfort; this opening in the chimney, however, requires a chim- ney-valve to prevent any downward draught of smoke. The utility of this mode of allowing air to enter and ascape, for the purpose of ventilating rooms,is proved by its frequent and increasing adoption. Where appearance is an object, glass perforated with circular holes or slits may be emp oy- ed instead of zinc, and chimney-valves are made of ii veq ornamental character. Cold air, it may beifed, should never be admit- ted under the doors or at the bottom of a room, unless it be close to the fire or stove —otherwise it flows towards the fire place, leaving the upper foul air enchanged, and cooling most unpleasantly and injuriously the feet and legs, which are most suscep-

tible to atmospheric changes. (London Journal. lcn-Housn MANaocMuN'r.—This is a

matter of no small importance, yet how of- ten do we see it treated, not only with in- difi'erence, but upon the very worst princi- ples possible to insure its preservation ; not one ice-house in fifty is constructed upon correct principles—not one in the some number is managed correctly. When we consider that damp and heat are the two

reat agents of thawing, it should be our endeavour to counteract these by every means in our power. To offset this, ventil- ation must be had recourse to, and non-con- ductin materials employed in their erect- ion. f materials we may observe that stone is, of all others, the worst; timber and brick are the best. The usual practice of sinking the ice-huoses to a great depth under the surface, is had; indeed, it has only one redeeming property, which is the convenience of filling from the top. Its ad- vantages are the difliculty of admitting sufficient ventilation to correct the damp- ness, which, build them as we may, is sure to exist in under-ground houses. The con- ducting of heat from the surroundind soil, and the ditliculty of efi'ecting suflicient drainage; these very far overbalance the ad- vantages thus offered. y are the ma- jority of ice-houses and most cellars, during winter, so much warmer then the surround- ing atmosphere? In it not from the heat con- ducted through their walls from the sur- roundin soil? Earth is a much better con- ductor of heat then air, or, in other words, it communicates its heat to other bodies coming in contact with it much quicker than that element.

Hence the necessity of placing between the earth an the ice some slower conductor of heat, and the slowest conductors we have applicable to the case, are timber, charcoal, or air; both also resist damp, while stone does not, and besides it is a rapid conductor of heat. Water is also a rapid conductor of heat, and instances have been known, where rain water has percolated the roof of an ice-house, that the temprature has been raised to sixty degrees. Hence the necessity of keeping such houses perfectly dry, not only at the top, but also througout, by sufficient drain- age of the melted ice, and by ventilating to correct the dampness in the atmosphere and walls. Indeed the walls of an ice- house, to be in proper condition, should be as dr as those of a dwelling,

The c apest an at way of construct- ° an ice-house is to make its alls double, h a s cc between them, which should

' set, the house should be boarded inssd with the charcoal dust between where bricks are cheapest, they be used Stone may be safely used with such a good non-conductor between a double wall. Dry new-dust is also a good , and it can be easily obtained

every where in our country, but should not uulem pesfimly dry.-—Scieult'_fic

up a new style of inventor thinks that

The Paris Unium publishes an incident and guarantees its truth. Aller the public- ation of the first manifesto of the Emperor N icholau, concluding with these words: “ We will “to defend the orthodox faith," two Poles servin in a regiment in Bonsa- rabia waited on the Colonel, and said to him: “ We have just received the Emperor's manifesto, and we desire to act as good soldiers; we request our discharge, because, as Catholics, we cannot fight for the Greek faith."

The Colonel wrote to St. Petersburg for instructions, and the reply was—-“ Let them be shot!" They were accordingly executed; and four others in Moldavia met a similar

ate.

IIA8ZARD’S GAZETTE. Saturday. January 7. 1868.

Wu should like to know—and we really ask for informstiou—how it is that the Hon. George Colos's name is inserted in the list of Magistrates for the dif- fersnt counties next after Mr. Justice Peters, and he- ron Mr. Jnstics Havilsnd and Mr. Justice Barrow. It may be, that in the table of precedency the Presi- dent of the Executive Council ranks before Assistant Justices; but, as in the Cemmimion of the Peace, the members of the Council are simply Justices of the Peace ex oficio, they are certainly inferior in point of legal rsiik to Judges of the Supreme Court, what- ever may be the superiority of any of them in civil rank. We should like to know why the usual course has been interfered with. We are rather sticklers for the due observance of the respect to be paid to rank and order; and it appears tousu sort of anomally to put a man with an inferfor jurisdiction over the head of others invested with confossedly higher pow- ers. Mr. Justice Haviland or Mr. Justice Barrow have a right to sit on the Bench during the trial of a civil or criminal cuuse,and one of them, at least, has been called upon to exercise the functions of aJudge. Their opinion on points of law is not generally asked. it is true, nor do they, or either of them volunteer to give judicial opinions; but there is nothing, that we are aware of, except their own good sense, to hinder them from so doing. In it a part of the additional instructions, by which Mr. Young has been called to the Presidency of the Legislative Council, that Mr. Coles has been elevated in the Supreme Court above the Judges of that Court?

We trust we shall never be backward in cor- recting an error when discovered, and it having been told us that we committed one in statin that Mr. M‘IntosIi was not a voter for the secon District of King’s unty, we willingly notice it. In so doin , however, we by no means ad- mit that he ha any right to associate himself with a—disappoint/ed candidate Whelan—and Cooper, the one having nothing to do with the District, and the other in the same predicament with M‘Intosh himself.

03'! EIROR IS ALMOST CERTAIN 1'0 PRODUCI

In our last issue. in giving the substance of the Hon. the ChiofJustice's charge,we inserted a quotation from the 16 Victoria, Cap. 10, and intimated that the word ‘‘ supjjlying" as it smnds in the Printed Copy, shoo read “ sup- pressingt" our compositor however, seeing, we siipppse. that the word " countenoting ’ would rdly agree with “ supplying" as inserted “ countenancing ” instea . It is cer- tain] , the more congruo.us.reading, but we

are and to say, is an error. and and that the Clause should read thus: “ is Act and the Act hereinbefore

recited, shall be deemed tobe remedial Acts, and shall in all respects be construed liberally with the view of suppressing and counteracting the evils and immorality arising from the evasion, abuse, or misuse of licenses granted or to be granted for the retail of Spirituous Liquors." ~

Though it may be a question, whether the License Laws do not both “ supply and counte- nance” all the evils arising from the Trafic in Spirituous Liquors.

(I-‘or Hiisuard's Gasette.)

lllr. Editor,—'I‘he Message of the President of the United States has lately come to hand, and a short summary of it may not be without interest to your readers. It is, as usual, a document of great length, and of very interesting character, and will amply repay a careful perusal. It forcibly impresses our mind with the conviction of the rapid growth of the widely extended Republic.

Ilaving adverted to the interest with which the people of the United States anticipate the assembling of Congress, the President goes on to express his con- viction of the necessity of intelligence and integrity in the masses, in order to the prosperity of the Com- monweslth. He feslingly alludes to the sad traces which prevailing disease and consequent mortality had left behind them; but at the same time pieusly recognises the mercies by which judgments had been alleviated, and the dutyrumidst growing prosperity, to cherish a sense of dependence on that Being who holds in his hands the destinies of men.

The foreign relations of the Republic were friendly; or if there were some questions of a disturbing nature, a speedy adjustment of them was confidently antici- pated. In regard to Great Britain, by the Conven- tion of the 10th of April, I818, the vessels of the United States had been excluded from fishing in we- ters, the privileges of which they had enjoyed for a quarter of a century before. Negotiations, however, were now pending by which this restriction, it was hoped, would be removed, as well as other matters regarding the trade between the United States and the British North American Colonies would be ar- ranged. Thors were also questions pending between Britain and the Republic in regard to Central Amer- ica; but it was confidently anticipated that these and all other matters would be speedily and amicably adjusted.

In regard to France. between the United States and that power the most friendly relations eubsieted. An extended commercial intercourse was carried on between the two nations. the removal ofsonie rearin- tions upeu which. would be mutually bsudeil. sad for efictlq this end nqetiations were new pending, which, it was hoped. would be successful.

As to , no unauthorised attempts by citinens ofthu; . IhImup&theSpsn'mlICelouiesef Csbs_ tfltsris Ilse had lately taken place. It

wnfl be the dutyofthe Prmideut premptlysnd~

seegfilly to repress all such. us far as it wusin bl

' er. 'l'hql?rmHmtjsutlw Ihssosteetstimesontrol‘ tbellsitedltstsswbebsdpresursd thsllblltlouet‘

Martin Kosuta ta Hungarian by birth, who lied been duly received as aehbu of the Republic in I850, but who had been snwsrrentshly ssissd sad taken on board of an Austrian lwig of war at Smyrna), and declined complying with the demands of the Emperor of Austria, for the surrender of Kosxta and the dis- avowal of the conduct of the United States odlcisls.

A commissioner had been sent to China. for the purpose of promptly availing himself of any oppor- tunity which might nfler, of securing a more unre- stricted common eisl intercourse with that nation. as well an other Eastern countries. Commodore Perry had proceeded to the island of Japan for the purpose of sndosvoring to open up commercial relations bo- tweeu that country and the United States; but it was not yet known how far the end contemplated would be attained.

It was the desire of the President to assist the nu- tions of the North American continent to preserve a good understanding among thsrnselves, as well as with the United States. Some disputes had arisen between Mexico and the United States. in regard to the boundary between the territory el‘ New Mexico and the Mexican State Chihuahua. Other ques- lions of nouns were pending between the two Republics, but it was hoped that amicable arrange- ments would take place.

A minister had been sent to Central America. and had been received in s most friendly manner; and it was hoped would succeed in nllsying disssnsionu which prevailed among the several States. and pro- mating friendly intercourse between each of them and the United States.

It was of immense importance, in a commercial point of view, that the free navigation of the great River Amazon —whose waters, in itself and in its tributaries, open up avenues to so many parts of South Americn—should be obtained. For this, many of the nations of that continent were deeply anxious. Directions had been forwarded to the minister at Brazil, to endeavor to obtain a relaxation of the restrictive policy hitherto pursued by the government of that country. 'I‘reatics had also been entered into with the Republic of Paraguax and the Argentine Confederation. which secured admission into their navigable rivers. No serious cause of disquietude, therefore, existed, either in regard to foreign or do- mestic relations.

'I‘hs internal condition of the country was prosper- ous. Dimensions which had formerly prevailed had subsided. The only rivalry which prevailed. was that which had for its object the prosperity of the Republic. It bad now grown from thirteen to thirty- one states.

The finances of the country were in a most pros- perous condition; the revenue had exceeded the expenditure by a large amount. A portion of the sur- plus revenue had been applied to the liquidation of the national debt. A dimitiuflen of the duties upon sorns articles was suggested; and it was recommend- ed that some new taxed should be added to the list of those that were free.

The President adverts to the condition of the Ar- my and Navy, and in regard to both suggests the ne- cessity ol an increased force.

'I‘lie expenditure in the Post Ofice department had exceeded the revenue by a sum of more than two millions of dollars, which was chiefly owing to the large amount paid for mail service rendered by rail. road companies.

The President also adverts to the land system, In which he does not suggest any essential change. ex- cept what may operate in favor of the actual settler.

The President dose not forget to recommend to

the favorable consideration of Congress the men of genius, who had rendered important services to the country without receiving any adequate remunera- n. In regard to the judicial system, he does not sug- gest any alteratien, except what would be necessary to render it adequate to the increased population of the country.

The President also recommends, that the means of increased communication between the ditfersnt states of the Union, particularly those that lie on the differ- ent sides of the Rocky Mountains, should engage the attention of Congrem. It was of importance that intercourse should be established between the popula- tion of the Pacific and Atlantic nlieres. Aefar, there- fore, as was consistent with the constitution of the Federal Government and true economy, this object should employ their deliberations.

The President then adverts to thebrillisut pros- pects of the rapidly growing Repflb. It had hitherto doubled in population every quarter of a century- Pi oceedinp in this ratio. some now living and arrived at the years of maturity might behold the spectacle of one hundred milbcus inhabiting the states of the Republic.

The President adverts tosorne other mattsru,which we omit, lest we should be tedious. We cannot but observe in what has been brought under our review a providential hand. In the increasing intercourse nations, openings are being everywhere made for the dissemination of the Gospel. In establishing enm- msrcisl relations. the nations are seeking their own temporal prosperity; but we may see In all this the workings of a higher hand.—the God of nations open- ing up a way for the aoecrnplishinent of his own pur- poses.

st .- O

It.

To run Eur-rou or I-Iasssun's Gun-r-ru. Silt;

lbave.observed with pleasure your advocacy of difi'erent measures calculated to be of much sdvatsgs to the Island is gsuerul,snd amoagmetbers I may no- tice the proposal hr the erestlsu ofu new Market house, as well as yomewn Dd W's suggestions ubou the establishment of s fink.-These are both matters ofgreat imponsnee,ssd' entire want orilis latter is in psrticulurof iuolsula loss and inconvenience to the whole publb of P. E. Ie|and—unlesu per- hapsu few of the present monisd Bill dineounters. However it ‘I set on these subjects that I at pressn mean to address you. but on two others general benetlt‘ to the inhabitants of Charlottetown and ueighbeurhuet-I mean the formation of a public cirsulatiug Uhraryf and the erection of a Town Clook.—'l‘he Town is new large enough to supports first rate Library and I am sure it would be a paying concern. Subscriptions would I have no doubt pour is if a proposal for a public Clceli was properly set ageing, and I dare say the Legislature. would. if neeessa , give a small grant for so laudable an ebjeet° smy humble spluim the best situation in the Town is the Spire of the Rosina Chthelie Chapel. and a mere slfiible site it b hardly pomlble te Ind inufi City. Ihrauohuaobjectuall elaseee would I am ssuvheed readily and llbmslly

0*lOIlh|lh*0***Cs~I~M

figs which he had performed irfin

>< an

Cleck to be sfservioe to the whole ofChsrlottetnwu

A and the country adjoining, is that already pointed Mu

out Ibelieve that these subjects have only to be brought to your notice to secure the advocacy of your able pea, and on this account without further com- ment I leave them in your heads. I an Sir, Your obedient Servant, N.

Charlottetown, 00th Dec. I858.

SONS OI‘ TEMPERANCI SUPPER

On the evening of Monday last, the Id January, the spacious Division Room of the Seas of Temper- ance presented a most animating appearance. The indications of business which usually pervade the ceautsusnessse well as the actions of an exclusive assemblage of the Order, were. on this occasion. en- tirely dispensed with; and the observer could only see in the happy faces around him the result of a well-regulated enjoyment of the real blessings of God. The Sons had met to celebrate the festive season, and to enjoy for awhile the pleasure of social intercourse. A. about half-past eight. over fifty per- sons sat down to u well-dressed cold supper; Capt. Orlebur, by special request, presided, and William Heard. Esq., G. W. I’., took the chair at the other end of the table. Afler Grace had been sung—with great musical taste and skill — the party sat down, and we question whether a good supper was ever bet- ter discussed. or had greater justice rendered to it.- not more, however, than it deserved, for everything was good of its kind and well prepared, and there was no lack. After supper an interesting conversa- tiou took place. which naturally enough turned upon the best method of diffusing the blessings which every one of those present were perfectly well satisfied fol- lowed in the train of temperance. The following card was handed shout. for the infornistioa of the compsny:—

issron.-rairr l‘I'A1'l nocusiitirr. House ofAssembly. lath March, I858.

I. Resolved, That srprritncc lids proud that the isimoderats use of Istoxicating Liquors. in o beve- rage, is (lit cause of u very large proportion of the ills that eject communities. in producing crime! Poecrly .'.' Dt'uase!!.' and Dsniorulizntion !.'.’.'

2. Resolved, That it is iucrprdicnt to prohibit by law all trufic in Spirituous or other Intoxieiiting Li- quors, or the manufacture or distillation thereof.

8. Resolved, That it is expedient to revise, alter and amend the laws now in ores relating to Licenses for the retail of Spirituous Liquors, in order to pro- v' s more effectually for the suppression of illicit traf- fic in such Liquors-

Islund of Prince Edward. All Fools’ Day, let April, 1858. £7515 Ill. ‘Id.

We, the Pools of Prince Edward Island, promise to pay to the Government of this Country the sum of Six thousand Nine hundred and Sixty-nine Pounds Eleven Shillings ant. Seven Peace, in good current money, for the privilege of spuadinqin Intoxiesting Li uors, duriu the present your, a arger sum than wi requ' to defray the whole public nxpendi- ture for the year.’ And, in addition, we promise to pay to the aforesaid Government the sum of Five

undred and Eleven Pounds, for License to sell the said Liquor; and afurther sum of Ninet -five Pounds for their permission to keep ten Distileries in con- stant p|sy,— making a total of Seven thousand Five hundred and Seventy-five Pounds Eleven Shillings and Seven Peuce.—-being exactly the sum we paid Duties and Licences is isss. Signed. on behalf of the Order.