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PAGE TWO

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THE EDUCA TIONAL HORIZON

PRESENTING NEWS AND VIEWS 0F INTEREST T0 TEACHERS AND ALL OTHERS SEEKING

IMPROVEMENT 1N EDUCATION

_1_

SEASON'S GREETINGS

Once again it is our privilege end pleasure to extend the most eordial Christmas Greetings to the tenders of the Educational Horizon and to those who are near and Bear to them.

Christmas is the one time of gear when we are able to forget the anxieties and concentrate upon happy family~ reunions. To those of you who are weighed down nith anxiety for any reason. may you enter into the spirit of theoc- paslon with courage and determina-

tion. for to radiate joy ls a real contribution to society under any or all conditloip.

Coupled with our Best Wishes are our warmest thanks to all those who have contributed to the Horizon, and to the large num- ber of readers who have written us such encouraging letters. '

Again many thanks for your ever increasing support and best wishes for a happy and prosperous New Year.

THE CANADIAN RED CROSS JUNIOR

This is a iery attractive inasa- zine. Besides giving news of what Jlmwr Branches are doing In Ca- nada anti in other parts of the world. it gives interesting stories rif children iii other lands, nat- ure stories, health stories, and stor- y». (if outstanding Canadian men niid women, and seasonal features Ill iersc and illustrations. its pur- poses are lo unite the children of Canada in a common enterprise IlllCI link them to the Red Cross Juniors of other countries. We nould ask all teachers to encour age tiic members of their Junior Red Cross branch to bu)’ One 9° take home.

For many years it has been t he hope and the objective of the Ca- nadian Teachers’ Federation that a central office with 8 Ill“ time General Secretary would be es- tablished in the City of Ottawa. This hope has been finally realiz- ed and on January 12. 19-18. the Canadian Teachers’ Federation central office will be Opened 9f‘ Ilﬁlall)‘ iii Room 8 of the Norma. School Building. lllgiii Street 0t taria. A; that time Mr. George Li. Croskery, who was unanimously elected full-time General Secretary at the Canadian Teachers’ Federa- lion convention last August, will lake oier his duties.

George. formerly Principal of the Mutchmor School "in Ottawa and now President of the 011M110 Public School Men Teachers’ Fed- eratlon. has been a_ctlve in teach- ers‘ organization work for many years. He is a member of the

iim. GEORGE a. CROSKERY General Secretary of the C. T. F.

Board of Uoitrzio 1» of tlzc Oiiiuiic 'l‘ea.-li2;-s‘ Fedcixi. , a ULfCClul of the Ottawa Kiwanis Club. ﬂllul an Advisory Director of the 0'.- tawa Y.M.C.A.. as well as the Programme Diver-tor cf one of Oil- tarios l 8st Y. M C. A. lwis summer tnmps George ls noted fol his clarity of thought niid precise ness of expression. With thesc qualifications we can foresee brilliant future not only for oui

new secretary by a‘so for the Can- adian Teachers‘ Federation.

' BURMA

Burma, one of Great Britain's Far Eastern colonies. has been granted full independence by the British Parliament. January 6, i948, is the date set when Burma becomes an independent country. The new state will be known 4s the Union of Burma. Britain and Burma have made public a treaty with the provisional government of Burma. The treaty provides that: l. Britain may maintain mlli~ tai-y missions in Burma: 2. Brit-

ain gives Burma 37 small vessels;-

ancl. 3. Britain cancels $215,000,000 $60,000,000 of Burmese debts to her.

Burma covers an area of 252.000 square miles. Its population 1'1,- 000,000. Mongolian race.

More than 80 per cent of the people are farmers who live in

small rural villages. There are \- bout 50 houses in each village. Before the war. Burma was the world's leading rice exporter. Tropi- cal fruits and vegetables grow well in the warm, rainy climate; and Burma also produces nuts, rubber. and cotton. The water buffalo 2s the main work animal on tiic farms. Oil resources have been found and silver. tin. and cOEiI are awaiting development. Gold lies on the river bottoms. and rub- ies, Jade, and sapphires have been discovered.

Rangoon. the capital ls situated on the delta of the Irrawaddy riv- cr. ft is famous for its gay bazaars, and for monasteries and pagodas of carved teakwood. 1t is one of

the greaisrt rlce markets of the world. A famous shrine sacred to Buddha. is located in the city.

HISTORY OF EDUCATION ON P. E. I.

Marty of the benefits to the teachers were brought about b.’ the provincial union of teachers, the Prince Edward Island Teach- ers’ Federation. This organization has strlven constantly for the im- iirovemeiit of educational condi- tions since its formation in 188i). It called a strike of all its meni- bers in 1929, nine years after the teachers of Prince of Wales Col- lege had carried on a successful

strike for higher pay. Due lo the lack of support within the union and among its leaders. the strike was not successful. Despite l;s apparent failure. the attempt help- ed to arouse public interest in education and, in this ivay, may have done great good. '

The Teachers’ Federation, in cori- Junctlon ivith the Board of Edu- cation, began a system of super-

f . LAST MAILING DATE

FDR lDCAl. DEEIVERY DF MAII.

BEFORE CHRISTMAS

Be sure to allow EXTRA M! fer aut-ol-toivn delivery . ‘k ~ So that your letter-caviar my eniey hi: (leisure: It bone there ivillln

I IID DELIVERY CHRISTMAS DAY

CANADA POST OFFICE

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annuatlon benefits In 193i. The lamount of such ‘payment depends upon the number of years of ser- vice, the class of license, end the salary received. Another important contribution to educational pro- gress arose out of a suggestion by C. F. Hlne_ President of the Teach- ers’ Federation, that news and view; of interest to teachers and all others seeking the advancement of education, should be publisher‘

life and of a moths life are:

First, there is an egg. ‘Fills hatches into a caterpillar. which molts as it grows larger. A mutn caterpillar spins a cocooir and a butterfly caterpillar makes a chrysalls. Front the cluysalls comes a. butterfly. and from the cocoon comes a motli. The butterfly anu the moth are both as big as they will ever be as soon us their ivinge are di'.\'.

Bees. unis. and flies iire some of the other insects thiit have four stages to their lives. Eggs of the honeybees hatch in about three days. The bee ls then just a tiny ivarpllke animal. Iii a few days it spins a thin cocoon. Several days later. the bee hatches into a fu‘i- grown bee.

The common housefly takes about eleven days to change from an egg to a full-grown fly. A housefly is like a butterfly. As soon as it has wings, it is as lziige as it will ever

ALCOHOL

3. Effects of Altohol on the Brain and Nervous System.

iai How it docs its harm.

A person who I|Cll.1\C§ HCUFdIlig to bJuIJIIy ai-tcplcd sinliilfilTls ha- ‘ liralii control oicr iris act-ions. AI- caliol, being a lliiicOllU, may im- pair or remoie this control. When alcohol dulls the h " iii and nerve... a pet-soil. ill Lo ludgmeiit in \\ hat he is i,- or sillng. <5» ltfakes ooseri; lis and movements with lessened cl hlciivy. i3) Is less accurate in work which requires

d ‘thinking and alertness. (b) Exam-

Lples of its effects. ti» A famous mountain climber ‘found that he made a slower as- cent after drinking alcohol. t2; Experiments with typlsts show in- crease in errors and lessened speed when even a moderate amount of I

THE ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF INSECTS (Continued)

We owe to insects many useful processes and products such as: l. Polllnailon of flower (bees. butter-

flies‘ moths, certain types of lilies!

Fiirnishiii: of silk tsilk moth lcocooiii.

3. Furnishing of honey and wax l (bees).

THE

is the largest gland ‘in the body. It is located between ithe diaphragm and stomach, thus ' being the uppermost of the abdom- - inal organs. The secretion of tiic lliver is called bile and is a thick lUl‘O\\'1l liquid, of which about one |quart is produced daily. This is stored temporarily in a sac called the gall or bile sac. Bile has sev- eral important functions, as fol- lows: 1. Bile is, itself, partly waste substance_ removed from the blood. '2. It aids in digestion and absorp- tion of fats. 3. It stimulates the

The liver

i l MAGNETS I

A few years ago all‘ magnet.» lwere made of steel or iron. Then scientists discovered a new kind lof magnet. This new magnet has it three other metals besides iron. The metals are aluminum, nickel, and cobalt. This magnet gets its name alnico from the first two letters in each of those three words. This kind of magnet is very strong. It will pick up a piece of iron or steel many times its own size. Lodestone ls a kind of rock that has iron in it. It la a magnet, too. A magnet will pick up only certain kinds of things. By doing an experiment find out ivhat kinds of things a magnet will

Of all the electric fishes. the best known both by scientietsand by laymen, is the electric eel. These living dynamos hail from Africa, South America, and the temperate and tropical seas. Fossil fishes from deposits laid down over a hundred million years ago have or- gans so similar to the electric ones of living forms that there is no doubt they, too, p- sseseed elec- > trlc powers. Michael Faraday who , had worked on electric fishes, did idetermlrie that externally the cur- ; rent from an elecf/ric eel flows

from head to tail. Mr. O. W. Coates found out that the eel was largely composed of’ a very special kind of flesh: electric tissue. All its vit- al organs stomach. intestine, liver, and so forth are confined w the front fifth of its body, and even its vent is located under the chin, the remainder of its elongate body lia principally occupied by three pairs of electric organs measured fby volume, nearly half of the fish is electric tissue. These or- gz-ni are. in turn. made up of ‘ ~ rnlts. which are separated

'- " owl's of electrically resis-

tent tissue end ect very similarly

to tells in a storage battery. They

...- puiuucers of the eieckic-

ity. each one creating about one

tenth of a, volt. 1t is by hooking | these tiny batteries together in sar 7ies..eo to speak. that the eel builds iup its powerful discharge. dust how

lit does this. throwing thmlllndl of

INSECTS . The four stages of a butterfly's_be. A little fly does not grow to

regularly in e local newspaper. With the invaluable assistance of Mr. Burnett, editor of the Guard- ian of the Gulf. Mr. Hine in 1935 began a Hweekly column. The Edu- cational Horizon. This was con- tinued under the editorship of George Hart and Harold Lawton By this means, public interest in our educational program has been aroused in no small measure.

be a big fly. All insects go through changes as they grow up, but they do not all have four stages in their lives as the butterﬂy and moth do.

In late summer and early aut- umn, the grasshopper lays a little _ case full of eggs in the ground. lu . the spring, the eggs hatch out into l little grasshoppers. They have ' small bodies long legs. and no wings at all. After eating grass for a few days, they molt their skins just as caterpillarsdo. Thty molt their skins five tliIies whim A they are growing. After the fifth . time they are full grown insects with wings. A cricket is anotl-iei insect that grows up in the way that e grasshopper does. A cricket | too, has only three stages ln its life. First the egg, then there is a young cricket with no wings. After molting the cricket is fun‘ grown with wings.

l I

(Continued)

alcohol is taken. (3) The likei: hood of automobile accidents is increased when the driver is only slightly under the effects of alto- hol. Alcohol is directly respon- sible foi- about l0 per cent of ill fatal highway traffic accidents. t4) Many crimes are committed under the Influence of alcohol.

(it Other Effects of Alcohol on the Body.

(a) Dxiiiking alcohol causes lots of body heat. l

(l) It makes blood vessels in the I skin grow larger. thus allowing l more blood to pass near body sur- | face. Heat is lost in this way.

(2) Men who drink alcoholic- beverages to keep warm while.- working outdoors in the cold ac- ‘ tualiy will be colder after the

first sensations of glowing warmth have passed. '

4. Furnishing of shellac tlac iri- sect). '

5. Furnishing of red dye (cochi- l heal insect).

6. Furnishings of material

‘ much about this business of health.

l eons and contrasts.

ltlous use of the workbooks ‘ii furl Think and Do" books that ac-

. \

pure ages

and baking.

For emerges

liig_ scores of eels were sacrificed to provide them with the precious substance.

One of the key substances in the

HEALTH IS YO

Yes. health is everybody! busi- ness ~ and members of the teach- mg profession are in the excep- tlonal position where they can zio

The teacher of today has the gram. est opportunity of any individual working outside thb intimate fam- lly circle to shape the minds and lives of human beings — and KOQII health has much to do with iiv

5 71

Teachers, of course, should cor-l. tlnually emphasizes to their pupils the value of good health, but they \vi'1 have a chance to really go “all out“ on the subject during the first \veek'of next February Which will be observed as Can- ada's fourth annual. ~

production of electric energy in electric fishes, and in the product tion of a nervous impulse too, is chollnesterase.

UR BUSINESS! NATIONAL HEALTH WEEK

"National Health Week" _ Feb» ruary 1-7—is an observance spon sored by the HEALTH LEAGUE 0F CANADA in cooperation with official depart- ments of education and health. It is designed to draw the atten- tion of all Canadians tot he bene- fits of good health and the appal- ling costs of sickness, much of which is preventable.

For further information, write to-

The Secretary

National Health Week Committee

Health League of Canada.

lll Avenue Road, "

Toronto 5, Ontario.

please

TEACHING READING

by Mrs L. Ross. Model School

_In two previous articles X dealt with the preparations for read- ing. the actual reading. and also the re-readlng. Now follows a very important step __ that, q; 11111161112 up an increasing ability to recognize new words.- interpret

new ideas and of giving pracﬁlcg

in making associations. comparl.

Much is gained by the conscien-

deslred. let booklets for their stories.

company the Basic Readers. Else- where in this column, you wl.l find excellent examples of differ- ent types of language work that should be used as "Related Prac- tice." Careful perusal of chiidrens answers will tell you what dif- ficulties need re-teachlng and more drill.

For written composition follow- ing a lesson where reproduction l.i the children make These

Continued on page 10

I'll ialre cocoa Iiq iIie-j - Baker's CIiocoIaie People!"

OULL discover in Baker's Cocoa the same consistently high standards o! quality anddependabiliry that have led generations of good so rely on Baker's Chocolate. Here's cocoa as it really should taste — full-bodied, deep- chocoiauey, richly satisfying, with a true, nature! ﬂavor that proves Baker s ll all cocoa, with nothing added. Use Baker s for all your cocoa bever- lg‘; thrifty - the l-lb. package makes up to 90 servings.

e i "up; eiiocotsre GIRL sAYS <.A:~"s>?y( q/ﬂ

"company" ' _ keep e jar o cocoa syﬂlP l1"?! l" d" Use it for a grand sundae-or to dress up plain pud- dings or bleuc mange. Just make (be syrup according to the recipe on the Baker's Cocoa label.

BAKERS y.“ ‘°‘°A

7'\

it’: e wiseplan to ngemo .

King Michael of Romania and Princess Amie of Bourbon-Fermi fat ove) tour a British movie studio during their recent trip to londoii for the wedding of Princess Elizabeth and Prince Philip. Reports thil tbev soon will announce their engagement were denied by King Michal,

now in Lausanne. Switzerland.

ink igall insects».

7. Action as scavengers (mag- gots, beetles). - 8. Killing of injurious insects

(lisdybugs. lchneumon flies.) BILE

action of the intestine. l. it tends to prevent decay of intestinal con- tents. The chlef digestive actionl of the bile is on the fats, which it makes into a milk-like emulsion to be absorbed by the iacteais. An- other important function of the liv- er is the storage of excess Carbo- hydrate in the form of glycogen or liver starch which the body may draw upon a source of ener- gy In emergencies. The liver . then excretes wastes, secretes a digestive fluid, and stores food.

up, have iron or steel in them. We call iron and steel magnetic ma- terials. A magnet will pick up only . things made of iron, steel, and s few other magnetic materials such es nickel and cobalt. All materials which e magnet will not pick up are called non-magnetic materials. A magnet attracts iron and steel. When we say this, we mean the= a magnet pulls iron and steel to- ' wards it.

Perhaps you can think of a-n ex- periment to show that the force of a magnet will go through paper, cardboard and other magnetic ma- terials. Howcan you find out whether e thing is made of mag

pick up. Make another list of the netic material or non-magnetic

things it will not pick up. The material?

things, which the magnet picked __ | ELECTRIC sets l

"switcher on and el lelkeds i of times a second we do not know. i This is one of the mysteries of the electric eel.

Another mystery of the electric eel.

Another mystery of the electric eel is its sensitivity to electric currents. Iiech‘ fish is aware of each othei-‘s discharges.

The natural food of electric eels consists of flehee and other email aquatic anlmele which they stun before swallowing whole. Although i they can be taught in captivity to eat cut-up raw fish and stripe , of beef when first caught they will eat only live fish.

While feeding eels Mr. Coates , discovered that when one fish dis- _ charged, stunning its prey, ell the other eele which he bed in the tank came over, to see what was 8°31! on, end they always went in the spot where the feedﬂg eel had discharged, even if it hid sub- sequently moved away.

Darin: the warkit became neces- sary to obtain large amounts of cholinesteraee which cannot yet b! llfnI-hlﬂvll-IY produced but. muet- be extracted from living tia- sue. Ounce for ounce. the electric organs of ti!‘ u! ere fer richer iii eholinesterese then any other > known tissue; so when the Oheml- ' eel Warfare lu-viee celled for large amounts etiﬂ. in order m study the effects of a new ifeed- f

iymerve nu they were uivesugai- '

HORNE MOTORS SAYS- --

ljil/mr m

Take a' hint from the calendar... bring your carb in new!

Our

skilled mechanics will be able t0 give it the attention it needs-

e Body &_FOI_IEBI‘ Work

e Wheel Alignment

e ‘Brake Adjustment e Battery Gliargiiig e Chassis Lubrication

e Tire Rejuvenation '

c Thorough Meter

Overhaul

"£>'O47€-.

We are now in a position with a crew of skilled. workmen to ‘do all

Complete Body aiid- Fender. Work. p i , 8

body and fender repair work, also to furnish _a complete paint job.