_,.. _,_._- .. .. ...

i_. e... _.c Van—9.

O . If . V ‘ ' II I g u i i Cnerr Prince Edward Island Like the be. 1' .l‘ l. n or week-day morning at 165 Pnnce Strea Li‘i'IT-ti'etotsn yP.E.I., by ’lhomson Newspapers Ltd. Inn, A. Burnett. Publisher end General Manager . Frank Walker. Editor . Member Canadian Daily Newspaper ?ub|lshers Association Member of The Canlglaél Member Audit Bureau a ircua one Brand offices at Summerside. Montague and Alberton Repvesented Nationally by Thomson Newspapers Advertising Servrce is King Street We: Toronto. Ont. 640 Cathcert SL. Mosh-eel luau West Georgia St... annouver Hv Cari-lei Charlottetown, Summersidc sec per weal By Mail elsewhere in P.E.I. 89 00 net Innurn. Other ' Pv-u‘lnces and United Siam 512.90 per annum “The strongest memory is weaker than I, he weakest mic.

‘PAGE 4 WEDNESDAY, DEC. 17. 1958

A Timer Warning

In the protest against the recent freight rate increase, as on previous occasions when the rates were boost- ed, Ontario and Quebec stood aloof, leaving the other provinces to fight their losing battle before the Trans- port Commissioners and the Federal Cabinet. The explanation, of course, is that the we Central Provinces are less affected, or think they are, than the others. But this, says the Wind- sor Star, ,is a short-sighted view. We are glad to see this point emphasized in a newspaper of wide Ontario circu- lation, for it is vital to our hopes of redress when the issue comes up in Parliament.

In the Central Provmces, where water and road transportation are ef- fective competition. freight rates are set by railways with this in mind. But those Provinces are concerned, or should be, about the impact of freight rates outside their boundaries on'their own industries.

The Star cites this example :~ In . 1948 it cost $97 to ship a combine by

rail from Brantford. Ontario. to Sac. katchewan. This has steadily increas~ ed. with successive rate increases. The latest one brings the shipping cost to $248. “It therefore is just stu- pid," says the Star, “to think of On- tario not being concerned in the freight rates: The higher the laid- down cost of Ontario products on the Prairies or in the Maritimes. the less likely people are to buy. .Yet employ- ment in Ontario depends on the num- ber who do buy.”

We have raised this point our- selves, applying it tb Maritime pur- chases from the Central Provinces. It is not the the strongest argument we have against inequitable rate imposi- tions, for we on the Atlantic Coast are mulcted coming and going under the present system; but it does show that the apparent gain to the big industrial areas has its offsetting disadvan- tages. Let them ponder the Star’s warning against , the stupidity of thinking that they can eat their cake and have it. A wider View would con- vince them that injustice to any sec- tion of the country is detrimental to all concerned.

Points In An Argument

The Fifth World Conference of the National: Council of Churches- an organization composed of most of the Protestant Churches in the United States—meeting in Cleve- land a short time ago, recommended “reconsideration by our Govern- ment of its policy in regard to the People’s Republic of China”-

'In support of its recognition of China suggestion, the Conference made these points: “(a) While the rights of the people of Taiwain and Korea should be safeguarded, steps should be taken toward the inclu- ' sion of the People’s Republic of China in the United Nations and for its recognition by our Govern- ment. The exclusion of the effective Government on the mainland of China from the international com- munity is in many ways a disadvan- tage to that community; (b) It helps to preserve a false 'image of the United States. and of other na- tions in the minds of the Chinese people; (c) It keeps our people in ignorance of what is taking place in China; (d) It limits the function. ing of international organizations; .(e)We have a_strong hope that the resumption of relationships between the peoples of China and of the United States may make possible 'also a restoration of relationships between their Churches and ours.”

One of the speakers at the Con- ference was Mr. John Foster Dulles, US. Secretary of State, who told the delegates, among other things, that “we invite consultation with reference to our principles and poli- cies and are prepared to' modify those policies when it seems that this is in the general interest”. Mr. Dulles, a prominent Presbyterian, has been a leader in the National Council of Churches for many

chairman of the Commission On A Just and Durable Peace of the Federal Council of Churches, as the organization was then known.

Those ByeIections

Monday’s federal byelection re- sults can be interpreted in different ways—either as straws in the wind or isolated contests of no political sig- nificance outside their individual rid- ings., In this case, probably, the Lib- erals Twill see national significance in the election of their candidate in the West Toronto riding, while the Con- servatives will put the telescope to their eyes in looking thankfully at Springfield, Manitoba. The net re- sult, of course, is the loss of one seat for the Government and the gain of one for the Liberal Opposition. Nu- merically that is all to the good—the Government is much too topheavy in its parliamentary support.

On the other hand, it is no secret that the Liberals were counting on capturing the Manitoba riding. They have no representation in the Com- mons from any of the four Western Provinces and they made a determin- ed effort to secure, the Springfield vote. Hon. L.B. Pearson and Hon. Paul Martin both entered the campaign in this farming constituency. It was a three-way fight between Dr. Slogan, Conservative, and two former M.P.’s —-Jake Schultz, C.C.F., and Anton B. Weslak, Liberal. It was claimed that the victory last March was not so much one for the Conservatives as for Mr. Diefenbaker personally. Yet the Prime Minister hasn’t been in the rid-.

in since last Spring, and his absence

didn’t prevent a renewed vote of con- fidence on this occasion, though by a smaller margin.

In Toronto, on the other hand, the prophets were predicting a Liberal de- feat to the Conservatives. It seems that elections are still, like horse races, unpredictable. ‘

Crow's Nest Pass Rates

Western Provinces are concern. ed about the criticism levelled against the Crow’s Nest Pass rates, which recently were cited by Mr. R. A. Emerson, vice president of the Canadian ‘Pacific Railway, an example of the restrictions under. which our railways today are forced to _operate:- These rates, set by statute, have been in existencevfm many years and are considerably lower than the general rate struc- ture today. ‘

But there is another side to the story. The rates are, in fact, one part of an agreement between the CPR. and the Government of Canada. The railway agreed to build a line through the Crow’s Nest Pass and to hold down its freight rates on export grain. In return, it was given around $3,500,000 and a grant of 250,000 acres of land. From that subsidy has come much of the GP. R.’s wealth, including the great mining and metal business of the Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company.

As the Winnipeg Free Press points out, there were no protests from the railway when it signed the agreement. There are no cries of “restriction” when the. company each year totals up the profits that come from the land and money it received. All that the CPR. objects to, apparently, is having to carry out its end of the bargain. In recent years (though not during all the years of the agreement) the cost of hauling grain has increased; but so has the wealth that the railway has acquired asa result of the agree- ment. '

EDITORIAL NOTES

Village Commissioners are said to be anxious to talk over with farmers the matter of Daylight Saving Time. That is the best way of reaching an understanding on this controversial issue.

I i O

The area surrounding the tomb of Robert Louis Stevenson on Mount Vaea in Samoa, has been de- clared a memorial reserve by the Government of Western Samoa. It was in 1890,\recalls an exchange, that this imaginative and gifted writer went to seek health in .Va- Iima, where the natives, responding to his grace and charm, and vene rating him as a chief, called him Tusitala. When he died suddenly in 1894 they'bore his body in ancient ceremony to-the top of the hill, 500 feet above the Pacific, where he had asked to be buried. “R.L.S.” is less read now than he used to bc, and

years. During the war' years he was I more’s the pity.

W557 EEflé/y I’m/flaw 75

F/FfEfla/y

\

\/_%//‘

V TRYING TO PULL DOWN THE CURTAIN

OTTAWA REPORT

Scientific development h as brought us to one of history's sensational turning points in the progress of mankind. The per— ection of large. fast airliners is putting ‘air travel info dire-ct cost competition with the cheapest long-distance rail travel.

This development, providing a- bundant cheap and fast air trans“ portation, presents Canada will a challenge which, seized cour ageously, could bring greater ad

vances in prosperity and living

conditions to us than to any other people on earth.

Our government perceives this opportunity and, through the na- tional aviation policy, it is lead- ing us to accept this exciting challenge. .

Our national ainpor't program

one year before the big new jet airliners will come‘ into wideL spread use. This means that the air terminal buildings at most of our big tirportis will be construc- ted on the clever new Canadian design, incorporating the dough nut-shaped “island aeroquays" specially created for the big new jets. '

Al the same time, aft’er a hec- tic decade of progress, airliner design has now reached a pla- tcau, where no significant chan- ges are fore-seen in the next several years.

is reaching its construction peak-

Canada’s Air Challenge,

By Patrick Nicholson

Thus our new airports will re- main fully serviceable 'and upto- drxte for any“ years to come. CANADA LEADS WORLD

Our national air line, Trans Canada, will be re—equipped with three types of the new airliners. Douglas DC-8 aircraft,

127 passengers on routes ,with long stages. Vioker-s IVan- guards, with Rolls Royce turbo- propeller engines, will each car- ry 95 passenger-s on medium- sta'ge routes. Vickers Viscounts will fly the routes calling f or short hops.

With the acquisition of the $6,- 000,000 DC-85 and the $2,500,000 Vaniguards, added to the present Viscounts, the Trans Canada Air Lines fleet will be all four- engined and all turbine-powered by 1961. It will be the first in- ternational airline in the world to achieve this status ‘in 'the change-over from old~fashioned piston-engined planes.

T.C.A. has lowered its fares in the pa'st ten years, while bus fares have doubled and rail fares have jumped 42 per cent. The huge aer. ial transporters of the Jet Age, flashing along the cost-free air- ways five miles overhead, may pcrmit’ fares even cheaper than today. They will ceriainlv bring us wider use of air freigh‘, and hence better living and better

w i t h! Rolls Royce jet engines, will each. ' carry

\ markets in the realm of our per-

. lshable products.

GAINS AND ECONOMIES Timetables and fare charts re- veal the “why” of the swelling switch to air travel.

Today a crack transcontinental

express train speeds from this federal capital to our west coast metropolis of Vancouver in 63 hours. But airliners make the same journey in only 12 hours. And the cost of that trip by first- class air travel, including free meals on the flight, is no more than the cost of the three-days and three-nights train journey in a “roomette”, with meals and tips. .

Two years from now. a jet- lincr, carrying 125 passengers at the staggering speed of 550 miles an hour, could make that trip thirteen times while the express train completes a single journey. This is ’a greater advance in tra-

vel than the iron horse itself ach-I

leved over the covered wagon. This immense improvement in the performance of the airliner, coupled with the new low charge for basic air transportation with- out the trimmings, d-ovetaiI-s per- fectly into our national aviation policy. Together, they will make Canada the country which can benefit the most from the. Jet Age. ‘Not only will the cheap and fast travel slash, the immense distances of our ten provinces; it will make possible the unlocking of the great Arctic vault, in which we hold tresures probably un- matched in the world.

Mao Tse—tung, a man of ruth- less will and amiable counten- ance. has led Red China to the peak of its military, political and economic power-

It's hardly surprising there- fore, that government leaders around the world are closely studying unofficial reports from China that Mac may step down as chairman. ’

Such reports have cropped up before and turned out to be wrong. But diplomatic experts say it may well be possible that Mao, who is 65, is planning tr devote more time to the prepara tion of a theoretical work to ex- plain Red China‘s vast programs POET AND WRITER

Mac, in this view, would re tain his rank and party prestig/ as the leader of 600000.000 peop' in the grip o’ a sterner regim: than that of Russia

It is pointed out that Mao. while a soldier and man of action. is e‘so an intellectual, a poet, a prolific writer.

This man of paradox. while exuding rustic simplicity, wields more power than any Chinese

PUBLIC FORUM

This column is cpen to the discus

Iion by correspondents of question a.

Interest. The Guardian does not been!

ur'ily endorse the opinion of carrot pondents.

SEEKS PEN PALS

Sin—I would like very much to write to people in Prince Edward Island and vicinity. I am a sincere person, and in looking after an invalid mother, I have lime to reply to all letters re- ceived and I hope many will re- spond to my request for pen pals. In my first letier I will tell you all about myself, my parents and my country, and will answer any questions you wish to ask. I have several hobbies and one is s'amp collecting. If you would send me any stamps. used or unused. I will send in return literature of Vancouver, newspapers. maga- z i n e s , postcards, souvenirs, stamps. or what you request. What is your hobby?

Please write to me and I hope to receive letters from many new friends.

I am. Sir, etc. ELSIE WILLIAMS. Suilc 18. 3:375 Oak Street, Vancouver 9. BC

Mqo Considers Retirement ‘

By Joseph MacSween ' Canadian Press Staff Writer

emperor ever did and, is driving his people into a barracks-type existence.

FORWARD LEAP

Western statesmen have fre- quently expressed doubt as to whether Mac will be able to make his new commune system work indefinitely, attacking as it does the ancient family tradition»: and character of the Chinese

In Red China’s “great leap for- ward,".millions of people are being herded into communes, steel furnaces are being erected in backyards and peasants are marched to the field-s like soldiers to a parade ground.

Josef Stalin tried a similar sys- tem in Russia after the revolu- tion—an attempt to fuse col- lective farms into allembracing

. communes — but was forced to

give it up by implacable opposi-

peasant, is uprooting people from their homes and villages and re» settling them in barracks on the job. Women work on farms, high- ways, dams, and in factories. mines, communal kitchens. nur- series and tailor shops

NO INDIVIDUALITY

Mothers turn their children over to communal nurseries and kindergartens. They no lancer prepare meals at home but out in mass halls. along with other members of the commune.

Says the People’s Daily. party mouthpiece:

“Individuality has absolutely no place. No longer does one find the phenomenon in which workers are members of the working class only when they are working and free people when they are off duty. Now there is all - round party leadership over the produc- tion. life and education of the worker masses ”

Mao thus seems to have moved far from his position of a couple of years ago, when he enunciated the sho'rtlived policy of “let a.

tion from the peasants. hundred flowers bloom” on the Undaun-ted, Mac, the son of a road to socialism I National Geographic Society Today‘s dark-eyed Gypsty may scholars traced their origin

live in an automobile trailer ra- ther than a horsedrawn wagon. He may have abandoned his horse-trading ways for me- chanics.

But dcspite the efforts of man-y governments to settle him down, he cannot resist the open road.

The number of Gypsites in the world is estimated between five and six million. Although some have established homes, others still roam through Europe, ‘lie Americas, Asia. and Austra- lia. the National Geographic So- ciety says.

Often the halt for the winter. but after the festival of St. Gcorge on April 23. when spring greens the roadside, they tra- vel, as their kind has traveled For 2.000 years.

ENTHIC MYSTERY SOLVED

Su'artliy of complexion. with black hair and flashing eyes. the Gypsics do not lose themselves in local populations. For many years no one knew who they were. or where' they came from. They brought with them no his— tory or lite:a‘.urc when they first cnicred Europe in the ear- ly 13th century.

Tlisy "'cre thought to be Egyp- tian 'hcncc “Gypr.-"> or Pers- in‘i. cr Tartar. (:r a l:>~.f nl lxaucl. 0': p:"l‘aps llic octple

tribe .

through their language. Romany, a name derived from the Gypsy word “rom” meaning man and tribe. It was found to be closely allied with a branch of San- skrit. and to be almost identi- cal to that spoken by scattered tribes in India.

It is now believed that the Gypsies left their Indian home- land before the Christian era and migrated to Persia, where they were welcomed as musi- cians—a talent they still exploit. They also were expert gold work- ers and horse trainers.

Eventually. as has often hap- pened since, the welcome wore out. They wandered tihroulgh Syria and Armenia northward into Georgia and Russia. One band entered Turkey. Large numbers moved Hungary. and the Bohemian re-

gion of present-day Czechoslov-I

akia. Others sailed to Crete. REACH NEW WORLD

Gyps'es gradually s p r c a ti thrcugh Europe and reached Eng. land. North America felt the wheels of Gypsy caris in the ear- ly 19.11 century. Curiously. 531101- az's say that the purest form of

the Gypsy language now is spok-

en in Pennsylvania.

.‘.l‘hor:h osprcciaic-d for their

'n:i~ic and skills. Gypsies are

of legendary Atlantis. ModernI often treated with suspicion. 11g.

into Romania, v

I By Herman N. Bundcscn. H. D.

\migl‘n not be any good at all for

Some “Don’ts” For The CoIoI

SNEEZE just once or twice and your friends a n d rclc'tivcs will probany be telling you what to do for a cold. Just about vccry- one, it seems, has some pct rcm- edy. And, in a. kindly spirit. they always are ready and wzlling tt tell you about it at the slightest provocation.

Well, I’m not going to tell you what to do. Instead, I want to tell you what not to do when you catch a old.

FRIENDS’ ADVICE

The first “don’t” is don't fol- low the advice of welluneaning but ill-informed friends.

From time immemorisl many people have tried one cold rem- edy after another. They have starved a old, they have fed a cold, they have tried fruit juice diets a nd they have downed every type of drug that was ever advertised or advised.

SOME VALUE

Some of these cold drugs can allevialle symptoms and there is no doubt they’have some value in treating cold symptoms.

But. after all these years, with all these various methods. we still have not found a cure for the common cold.

Another important ‘fdon‘t" is don‘t experiment will nose drops. inhalants, pills or medicine left over from a previous cold. And don’t try drugs recommended by well-meaning friend's.

NOT ALIKE

All colds, you must remember, are not alike. The medicine you or your next door neighbor took, the last time a cold attacked

the next one.

Moreover, ilt might be down ~ right harmful unless it is prop- erly used under the right condi- tion-s.

Don’t put your hopes on drugs or methods that already have

con proved valueless. And re - member nose drops and gargles won’t kill viruses in your nose and thnciat.

TOUGHENING YOURSELF

Don't try to “toughen” you: re- sistance to colds by sleeping on unheated porches or with the windows wide open or by taking cold baths. It won‘t do any good. Such so-oalled lhardening at - tempts have no boa-ring at all on the number of colds you might catch, nor upon the severity of them. '