it, ea

ce

S —_—e-

ee ee a

sa 3a Se”

t : LERMS : rive

DoLLans A ¥ KAR,

NEW SERLES.

“ This is true Liberty, when Free-born Men having to advise the Public, may speak free.”-—Evxirwes.

CHARLOTTETOWN, PRINUE EDWARD ISLAND, TUESDAY, MAY 1

®

> walle

6, 1882,

Srvcix Copies Two Crnts.

——————

VOL 10.~-NO. 147,

THe Dairy Examiner Protection and Free Trade,

IS ISSUED EVERY EVENING,

Br

roe Examinek Pusiisutnc Company

FROM THEIR Orrick, CoRNER OF WATER

aND GREAT GEORGE sTRERTS,

Crasrlottetown, Rates

Six Months,

P. E. Island. ;«f the State is desirable, it is necessary to | trace society back, as an explorer traces a iriver up, to its source, 'O ascertain the \Startirg point; for, having ga ned that }position, ali the springs hidden in the)

OF SUBSCRIPTION :

$2 50

Three Mouths, - 1 26 One Month, : 0 50

+ ; a » rate } oe ° m ee Advertising at most mocerate rates. become clear : while, having once diacove-: land Gontracts may be made for monthly, |}ed these, we are on open ground, and can;the country’s

quarterly, half yearly or yearly advertise- ments, on application.

*

“ALMANAC FOR MAY, 1982.

MOON 8

CHANGES,

Full Moon 3rd day, 2h. 18m. a.m, N. W.

{> ‘low horizon, )

Thied Quarter 10th day,Sh. 22m., a. m.,8. W. New Moon I7th day, 3h. 20m, a. m., N. E.,

(below horizon.)

First Quarter, 24th day, Sh. 29m. p. m., S. W

Sun |Sun 'Moon|High ! Days

( 4 Fy eclai ce. a the (‘ane ices Mon?

hty.)

In examining whether ¢

of NATIVE INDUSTRY by

the protection the Government

(complexities of civilization in its descent

see with accuracy the effect of the appli- cation of avy theory to the development of trade and industry. This position is no less the commanding point of observation than the all-important summit of the des- tiny of events, This idea makes itself plain tomy mindin this way: On the conical mountain-top there rests a stone, which, on being set in motion once, rells down the mountain sdeto the base. Its destiny, whether it shall go to the east or to the west, depends upon the direction in which you move it in the beginning.

Let us suppose a republic situate on ene port ou of a great continent, and the de- pendency of a kingdom, lying along its frontier, separated only by a political line on ancther portion. The republic is in the full atrength of ita manhood, and has made vast strides In the arts and manufactures.

D ian ene y [DAY OF WEEK| |i se |scts | rises |water|len’h. hm bm | aft’n morn} 1! Monday '4 51)7 3) 5 45) 9 21) 2! fuesday | 49} fi 6 481 9 55) 3 Wednesday | 48) 6) 7 52/10 35! 4, Toursday 46; 7) 8 5ti1t 12) 5, Friday 45' 8} 9 SILL 52 6 Saturday 43| 10/10 42)aft 32| 7| Sunday 42' 11,11 27] 1 16°14 29 8! Monday 41| 12} morn; 20 3; gi Tuesday 39 13) 0 3i 2 56 10; Wednesday 33) 15' 0 37) 4 5) 1LThursday | 37| 16/1 8| 5 24| 12’ Friday | 35) 17/ 1 36) 6 42 13, Saturday ; of; 18, 2 10) 7 £0 14|Sonday 33) 19| 2 33! 8 44/14 44 15\Monday | 32| 21} 3 6) 9 31! 16, Tuesday 31! 22) 3 44/10 16 17; Wednesday | 30; 23) 4 25:10 5i| 18, Thursday ; 29) 24 5 19/11 38 19) Friday 27) 25) 6 16) morn) 20 Saturday ; 286i 96: 7 16} 915!) 21\Sanday 25} 27/ 8 20) 0 57) 15 00 22\Monday | 24] 28| 9 23! 1 33) 23\Tuesday | 24) 29/10 25| 2 19) 24 Wednesday | 23; 30,11 26) 3 4 25|Thuraday |} 22) Btjaft 26; 3 59) 26) Friday | 21; 32)127)5 1 27|Saturday | 20; 33, 227,6 7) | 23'Sunday 19, 34,329 7 9/15 12 29, Monday 1S 35 4 36 8 2) 30|Tuesday 18) 37| 5 39) 8 50) $1|Wednesday | 17) 35] 6 42° 9 34!

PROFESSIONAL CARD. PALMER & MULLALLY

APTORNEYS-AT-LAW, NOTARIES PUBLIC, &c,

OFFICE—O'Halloran’s Building, Great George Street, Charlottetown, P. E. Island. H. V. PALMER. JAS. W. MULLALLY.

April 10, 1882,

“INSURANCE OFFICE. Queen insurance Company,

OF ENGLAND. CAPITAL, TEN MILLION DOLLARS.

City of London Fire Insurance Company, CAPITAL, TEN MILLION DOLLARS.

Insurance effected on all kinds of property at current rates. Losses settled promptly and equitably. » eee

General Agent. Office—South Side Queen Square. Ch’town, Feb. 3, 1882.

oo

W. C. BISHOP, SHIPPING

—AND-

FORWARDING ACENT,

Marine Insurance Broker,

—AND=

General Commission Agent, REDFORD LOW, BOX 1 HALIFAX, N. 8.

ARTICULAR ATTENTION given to the Shipment of Lobsters and other Canned Goods, and collection of Custom Drawbacks thereon. Hulls, Cargoes, and Freights insured in firat-class otiices at most favorable rates, Consignments of Produce solicited, and prompt returns guaranteed, Correspondence solicited and promptly. Nov. 14, 1881—-lyr

St. Lawrence Hotel.

————_——_— rr

fY\UE above Hotel is now RE OPENED, having been thoroughly repainted and refarnished in the beat style, Being <entrally situated and within three minutes walk o the Railway Depot and Steamboats, it offers inducements to the travelling public,

Permanent and Transient Boaiders acco- niodation unsurpassed by any other Hotel in the city.

7. ©.

answered

WM, E, HICKSY, Proprictor

Freehold Farms.

OR SALE~Severable vuluable Farms in different part« of the country.

particulars apply to A. McNEILL, 4aot’r.

Ch’'town, Dec, 21, 81.

April 13) ‘s3—tf

Millions of dollars have been invested in

‘the manufacture of woo! end cotton, and thoots and shoes, and agricultaral imple-

iments, and iron and woeden wares. But in the other territory this state of progress has not been attained. The population is sparse, While the territory is rich in all the natural objects required for the highest ends of civilization. The svil is fertile, is visited by kindly rains in proper season, and produces not alone in great abund- ance, but in wide variety. It has vast domains of forest, unlimited stores of economic minerals, and abundance of coal, while mighty rivers of unconceived power wind through it. But the people are little better than in a pastoral state. They have settled upon the territory, some pos- sessing goodly sums of money. There are yet no towns or cities, only here and there a village, the rest living apart from each other, each one a distance equal to the extent of his farm, from his neighbor. The inhabitants raise grain of every kind, garden produce, eic ; cut timber end saw it into boards, raise cattle and sheep, and oxen and horses, end all of these, more than they need for their own use. The surplus they sell to the manufacturers of the republic, who come up to their dours with farming implements, cottons, wool- ens, and all the domestic wares, selling these in exchange for the surplus pro- ducts of the farm. Thus the process goes on, and es population increases over the new territory, so does the market for the republicans’ manu- factures also increase. Sut here and there in this new territory is a farmer who has some capital, in money, which he does not need in his agricultural pursuits. He has become thoughtful from seeing the re- publican manufactures selling his wares from year to year at his own and his neigh- bours’ doors, and he says to himself, ‘I have $20,000 to spare ; why should I not manufacture the ploughs and the harrows, and the reapers these stranger people sell at our doors? There is plenty of iron to be got in our own unworked mines, and plenty ef wood in our forests ; why should { not smelt the iron and prepare the wood, making these implements our farmers need? But having supphed these things, how would I fare! 1 might send two or three agents among our farmers, but from across the line there are that many hun- dred agents. Would the farmer then purchase my articles, because home-made, in preferencs to the foreign? No; I think it would be the other way. But there is a greater obstacle than this. I put a capital of $20,000 into this manu- factory. I must compete with a long- established manufacturer, who has a capi- tal of half a million dollars. In a contest, he brings against me a power nearly thirty times greater than mine. With my $20,- 000 capital I shall require a marginal profit of ten per cent.; he doing thirty times as much business, can make more by a profit of eight per cent., by reason of the better division of labor in his larger establish- ment. He can underse!l me by two per cent. Therefore, I will not enter the con- test; I will go on with my farming, and let iny money lie out at interest.” What is true of this farmer capitalist is true of others, who, for similar reasons, will not establish cotton or woollen miils or wooden- ware factories. Under anch a state of affairs, the development of the higher and more important manufactures is a plant of slow growth.

‘* But,” some one says, ‘the conclu- sion from your argument is that without protection by the State, development of native manufacture is impossible. Yet manufactures have grown up in unprotected etates, and flourished in them, too.’ Granted, but what I here endeavour to show is, how Protection could aid manufac- ture, and develop the nation’s wealth, and how Free Trade, under the given condi- tions, can, and does seriously check and injure these. Cities, towns, and villages are no less the natural product of increased population than a certain classs of manufac- tures are the outcome of the clustering together of the people. The process of the people. The precess of town-growth is very simple. Here and there a blacksmith will come and put up a smithy, and the farmers coming there from round about, it occurs to some enterprising person that it would be a good place to build a stcre. This is the nucleus of a village. For the one stere is no sooner built than the second is in contemplation. Then the salesmen muat have houses, and so must the carpenter who build the stores

Fur/and the houses; and so the accumulation |

‘takes place till there is a full flown village, with a post office, amd gradually a little towm Bat beyond being, in & manufae

turing sense, an unimportant town, under | half a million better off in the year under , wae

the conditions | have pointed out, it rarely can become. There always will be, must be, in the centre of fertile farming dis tricts, supplying points where the farmer can buy the necessities of life; but there will net always be in those towns, there rarely will be, the manufactories—except

to a limited extent, and these the least important—from which the merchant can obtain the articles for his ware-rooms.

In other words, such a city is only an | intermediate station between the farmer the foreign manufacturer, where

wealth of raw wmate- vial passes through only, but does not remain. The meat and the bides, and the fleeces of wool—the beeves

and the horses, the surplus corn and grains of every kind, the deals and the boards, all pass through on their way to the foreign market, where they are needed for the maintenance and the occupation of the foreign laborer. It is true there are a few exceptions to this rule, these being formed generally under certain geographical condi- tions, such for example es at points to which freights from the foreign market are high, and routes difficult and tedious, Under such circumstances the moderate capitalist is encouraged to invest in manu- facture. But clearly the capitalist muat be protected, if not statutably, then geograph- ically or otherwise.

But it may be objected—Then since the inadequacy of capital is the original cause of this state of affairs, the cure must be, not in protection by the state, but by ade- quacy of capital, by putting home dollar against foreign doliar. One dollar is as powerful as another, and there should be no State interference.” Let us examine this proposition by supposing that a town in the foreign State-—say Hartford—there is a woollen manufactory, with a capital of « million of dollars. In Hamilton, in the young State, there is another like manu- factory with an equal capital. This is ‘home dollar for fereign dollar,’ but it is not equality nevertheless ; for the Connec- ticut manufacturer will spread a swarm of his drammers through Canada - the Free Trade State—while the Hamilton manu- facturer ftnds his ‘ travellers’ confronted by a taciff wall on the American frontier.

I have shown what takes place in a country rich in all the natural objects needed to civilization’s demand, where such astate les adjacent, or convenient, te a foreign state, the latter in its manhood and having its native industry protected by the Government, the former in its early youth,and not having protection to its home industries. I have shown that in the trade contest between the iwo the struggle is as that between the boy of ten and the man of thirty.

Having seen the causes for the failure of manufacture in natural o9jects, we are in a better position to talk about the remedy. Had the State said to the farmer with the $20,000, ‘‘ This country of ours is rich in nature's materials; we have all the economic minerals, wood, coal, and wunexampled water-power; we have a practically unlimit- ed area of fertile land, and our climate is most favorable to our needs; we have all we want of our own, as good as that which our neighbours beyond the boundary have. But most of our wealth lies untouched, while that which we develop we send out of the country, for that which we might have from our midst. The Government shall, therefore, aid you to establish your iron works, and it shall aid your neighbours to establish their woollen and cotten, and other works; and, by these means, we shall keep at home such of our population as, not caring for farming pursuits, and who cannot find skilled labour here, go to manufacturing cities abroad to seek it. We should compel all foreign manufactures coming into this country to pass through our custom-houses and pay there a tax, which, added to the price of their goods, will enable you to compete with them The adoption of such means as these will set capital and energy of our own smelting our own ores, weaving our own wool, and fashioning out of our own forests such articles as we need for our domestic uses.’ This would have effected the cure

But those who grant all this will cry eut, ‘ Yes—you have developed home manufac ture, but you have developed taxation as well. You have shut the cheaper foreign article out, and you compel us to buy the dearer, because made at home. It matters

not to us whose goods we buy, so long as the article suits us. The quality being equal, we want the

cheaper, let it be meds in China or by our next-door neighLour. We think this tax wrong ; let us hear you justify it.’

Now, in answering this question—a question involving the entire charge made by Free Traders aga'nst Protectionists—I must be permitted to state that the end sought by the policy of Protection is not the enrichment of the capitalist with the €20,000, or the woollen or the wooden manufacturer, but the establishment of manufactories, the manufacturers them- selves being only the means to that end ; for the establishment of manufactories in- cludes the deaelopement of the country’s natural resources. The national benefits of the development of native natural objects are plain, and they are many, The mines, hitherto of no more use than the mountain rocks, at once became valuable to their owners and to the community: while the money used in the manufacture of deals and boards, minerals, wool, hides, &c., all of which were hitherto exported for manu- facture,will be kept in the country, instead of being sent abroad. Let me make this plain by example. A lives in Canada, and he is an extensive dealer in carriages, farm wagons, horse rakes, ploughs, mowing machines, harvesters, etc. Before the era of State Protection he beveht all these things from American merniacturers, pay- ‘ing to thedatter each ye.s half # million | doliars. ‘Canadian mannfectorers began to make ‘these articles. A, therefore, each year, ‘ander Protecii-, paid that half a miilion ‘dollars to. B. who 16 a Canadian manufac- torn

When Preitcction became law

Cyisatigg Dy BOY Ob Hramvattion; is’ able faborery

| Protection—thac ia,

thousand Canadians, instead of to a like number of Americans under Free Trade. But still we hear the question, ‘* What has that todo with my tax ?!—with my being compelled to buy a Canadian article in preterence to a foreign? Justify the tax.’

manufacturers is not the end sought, neither is taxatiov, but home manufac- ture. Now, then, since home manfacture is the end seugh’, it is the state of affairs under the accomplishment of that end we should examine. Trees do not bear blossoms and fruit on the same day ; we ought, therefore, to dismiss time-—the time between the blossom and the fruit, the time between the adoption of an im- post tax and the development of manufac ture—and what we deem the hardships of that time, from the question. I need not stop here to argue the matter of ‘ ques tionable means to an end be it never so good,’ for 1 judge that those who would suftor permanent malady rather than sub- mit to a temporary physic are not very many, nor, indeed, very wise. IT shall, therefore, glance ahead to a period when Protection shall have been employed a sufficient time to encourage capital into all the branches of manufacturing pos- sible or needful in the young and protected State. Isay at this period the cry of dis- content against taxation will have been generally stilled. The person who asked me to ‘‘ justify this tax” will have found events pleading, “ trumpet-tongued,” its full justification. There will be little left of the complained-of tax, except upon the Statute books.

But the incredulous one asks, ‘* How has this come to pass? We have either to import certain artieles or to buy them of the home manufacturer. But the latter will sell as nearly up to the foreign price, plus the duty, as he dares.” This is the point I deny. Where wonopoly does not exist, trade always goes on regulating itself, till settling upon a correct basis,it accords to every commodity its proper standard value. Nothing is more iapossible under Protec- tion than monopoly, for the protection of the State is afforded to the capital, and the form of the enterprise rather than to the individual. Let me illustrate by example : ‘A. establishes a sugar refinery as soon as the protective tariff has been proc:aimed He makes money *‘ hand over fist,” in the current slang, by selling his sugar only a ‘* shade” lower than the imported erticle. ‘B. has half a million dollars to invest, and he says: ‘A. is amassing a fortune by making sugar, yet he is not able to supply

all the market ; so I shall also estabiish a

sugar refinery.’ ‘Then if these two con- tinue in their good luck, a third capitalist starts a refinery. Thus a wholesome com- petition is established; Greek has met Greek ; one cuts into the other and down comes ‘ monopoly’ and sugar to its absolute standard value. Then the sugar made at home is sold as cheap as the sugar made and sold abroad, and for this reason none of the foreign article is imported, and the tax exists only upon paper ; while the country is enriched to the extent of the value of the refining companies’ property, and thousands of workmen who otherwise would have been obliged to go abroad for a liveli- hood, obtain it at home. What is true of sugar manufacture is true of cotton, woel- len, iron, wood and the hundred conting- ent manufactures.

But still some one is found to say, ‘‘This is all well upon paper; but will not one set of manufacturers adopt a tariff of rates, and not sell their articles below that ?”’ Will, Thomas Jones, I answer, keep half a million dollars’ worth of goods upon his shelves that he cannot seli at a profit of forty per cent. owing to his rivals having been longer in the trade and better known among cotton buyers than himeelf; will he, I ask, refuse to sell these goods at twenty- five per cent. profit, which would be fifteen per cent. lower than his rival’s, or for the sake of ‘good faith’ to a ring treaty will he prefer to let the auctioneer sell them for what they will bring? Why it is only a few weeks ago since two news- papers in Toronto adopted «a common tariff of prices. Everyday since, the one has been cutting into the other and vivcla- ting the compact made,

THE TEST OF PROTECTION,

The state of affairs which I have en- deavoured to point out as existing in the theoretical state, under the policy of Free Trade, almost exactly the condition of Canada previous to the general elections in 1878. Various canses had been in operation for some years before, bringing about a state of depression in trade, that had been unparalled in the bistory of the colonies. Many of the leading mercantile houses, regarded as towers of strength, had come toppling down, involving numerous depend- ent establishments in a common ruin. Capital hed become timid, for public con- fidence was gone. Thousands of work-

men were out of employmen and clamoured for bread, but the Dowi- nion had nene to give them. Those

who could leave the country went away to seek employment in cities in the New Eng- lend States. It was then the enervating system of emigration, which even under a changed state of affairs proved so hard to check, began to flow broad and deep. *Surely,” ssid some of those who saw the hungry and fleeing workmen, ‘‘the Govern- ment ought to be able to do something for these people If legislation is ever potent to do public good, it ought to be when such a crisis comes as this. Our country has vast, unlimited resources, and if these were only turned to account, our suffering and emigrating people would be provided for. ‘Ts there no way, they asked, ‘‘to set yon- der half-idle factories employing labor to full capacity? No means of establishing new factories. where-our suffering people thay get work? Is it not a shame to see the agents of the foreign manufacturer sitting upon. the doer-steps of our idle factories

selli heir goods, and our willing and Reying fdr work?” ‘Tien t

represented to

imines and forests were practically un- | limited ; that she was wondronsly wealthy ; ip natural objects; that she had snflicient ehergy, capital, and intelligence to de- ;Velop these, and at once build up her | own greatness as a commercial State, and

[ have stated that the enrichment of! satisfy the cravings of ber hungry people,

|for work ; that all this could be accom- need if the Government would only 'grant State Protection to home industry. |‘ How will that better the country’s con- dition?’ said Mr. Mackenzie, the Pre- mier of the day. ‘It will protect our home industries from the competition of more powerful foreign industries ; it will protect our infant national energies from the full grown energies of a powerfui neighbor State. Let the Americans make no longer all the articles in wood and iron that we need, nor the woollens,

cottons, boots and shocs, ready made clothing, hats and caps, and the

thousand other things that we buy every year from the agents of foreign’ manufac- turers. As wecan make all these things at home, as the making of them will enrich our country and employ our people, we be- seech of you to aid us by legislation ” Could lesser request have been made at auch a time, the country being in such a state? Could we have expected a lesser granted? And io this, wh: t said the Can- adian Government? Said Sir Richard Cartwright—‘‘ We see Toryism under the mask again asking us to these things. The genius that gave England her Corn Laws is loose in Canada. I tell you, working- yen, the belief that the Government can help you in your straits is a delusion. Governments confronted by such questions of trade as these—conditions above and beyond the influence of Government— cre as flies on the wheel.” ‘‘ That’a my policy too,’ said Premier Mackenzie, and all the Liberal party along the line re-echoed these sentiments. ‘‘The plan you pro pose to make affairs better,” said they all in concert, ‘would make them incowm- parably worse. A protective tax would cripple our weakened commercial energies ; it would fail to produce revenue, because our people could not afford to pay the tax, and it would equally fail to develop home industry.’ The working-men and their friends turned away in despair. But there was another public man in Canada, one who was not at the time a member of the government, and he said to the working-men, ‘Take heart. The eve of a general election is at hand and the issue is with you. I stand at the head of a party in Canada whose faith is, that we can make or mar ourselves ; that we have a destiny which is our own in the working out. My motto is, he said ‘‘ Canada for the Canadians,” protection to home indus- try, development of our own national re- sources, and spending all the money we have to spend in the -purchase of manufac- tured goods at home, and among our own workmen, and not abroad among the foreign workmen, I predict, that if you at the polls declare in favour of the National Policy of my party, de- pression will pass away and an improvement in trade take place, such as the country has not seen before.” The man who said this was Sir John A. Macdonald. The new policy was carried. Let us sees if the predictions made for it have been verified. I skall take a few general figures from the public blue books. From the year 1874-75 to 1878 79, which were Free Trade years, the deficits in the revenue of the Dominion, that is, the excess «f expen- diture over income, reached $5,491,269. Last year, under the Protective Policy, there was a surplus revenue, that is, an ex- cess of income Over expenditure of $4,132,- 700, though the Liberal party declared on the hustings that the National Policy would neither “raise a revenue nor develop manufacture.” The value of our average anpual exports from 1874 to 1878 in- clusive, Free Trade years, was $68,776,- 0CO. The average value of our annual exports from 1879 to 1851 inclusive, Pro- tective years, was $70,369,000, and in each of the three last mentioned years, com- mencing with 1879, the increase has been by abound. The figures speak for them. selves. YEARS. EXPORTS.

1879. ...ese0eeereeeee 220,089,000

1880 ..cceceeeeeeeeeeee 70,096,000

1881, -.ceceresereeeeeee 80,921,000 Bot if eur exports under Protection have greatly increased, our imports of raw material under the same policy show a remarkable in- crease also. In 1877-74, the last year of Free Trade, we imported of raw c tton to the value of $7,243,413. In 1880-81, under Protection, the imports of raw cotton were valued at $16, 018,721! So too, of hides, In '877-78, we imported to the value of $1,207.300. In 18%C- 81, the value of the imports of hides roachei $2,184,884 Of wool, in 1877-78, we imported 6 230 084 lbs.; in 1880-81, we im- ported 8,040 287 lbs. The incre»se for three years of Protection in the manufacture of cot- ton, leather and wool alone in the Dominion, reaches $5,500,000. Instead of this five and a half millions going to the foreign manufac. turers, our own Canadian manufacturers and working men received it. Yet Sir Richard

sail or sink together.’ Government aided the working-men, to a

the Government ment, will bebest shown by the follow- the sum named has'that they should endeavor to solve the /ing figures (given employment forthe year to over a problem. It was told them that Canada’s October,

Since March, 1879, up to 1881, it ia estimated that ons HUNDRED AND FORTY new industries, -levélop- ed by the Protective policy, have been e:tab lished. The number of men employed in these one hundred and forty factories,- is put at 10,000. Allow four persons as depending upom each hand employed in these industries, and we find that the Government by their policy have created in this item alone, a livelihood for 40,000 souls. Of these industries, twenty-nine have been established in Toronto, giving empleyment to 1,678 persons. In Montreal, thirteen industries have been established under the government policy ; and in Hamilton five. In addition to these, there are now in progress of construction cotton factories, which will be in operation within the next twelve months, giving employment to three thousand persons. Besides the facts stated, 400 factories established under Free Trade have been visited, and it has been found that under Protection these empley aa average of seventeen per cent. more hands than they did under Free Trade. So that it will be readily seen that the employment given directly and indirectly to the laboring classes by the application of Protection is enormous, As I stated in the beginning of this paper, the commercial system of a nation may be compared to the works of a clock, one wheel of which put in motion seta all the other wheels in motion, whilst a clogging of the one wheel will retard the motion of all the rest. It is demon- strably certain that over 10,000 persons have directly obtained employment by reason of the National Policy. I have put the number cependent for bread upon these at about 40,000 persons. What then, with respect to this item alone, in results, has the National Policy done? Has it merely given bread to these 40,0007 Well, if it did only that, it would have done a cood thing, a great thing, a something well worthy of new and revolutionary legisla. tion. But it has done more. The shop- keepera of the country have, as a consequence, gained 40,000 more custom- ers, 80 that the shoemakers, the carpenters, the tailors; so has every one who has anything to sell. In creating these pro- ducers of manufacture, the Government at the same time areated consumers of manu- facture ; and the consumer is as necessary to the producer as the arm is to the body. As a very searching writer has put it, ‘They are both in the same boat, and must So that when the

like, to an exactly equal, extent did it aid the whole community.

As the Conservative party predicted that prosperity would follow the National Pol- icy, and as the Liberals maintained that commercial rnin would follow it; and as pro-perity has come, andas the *ruin” has not come, it rests with the Liberal pol- iticians, firet to confess that they were false prophets in 1878, and next to explain the forces which stopped the out-flowing tide of prosperity, and sent it back again wpon this country in all ita force I believe there are few thoughtful men in this country to- day who do not inwardly believe that Pro- tection is good for Canada, and that those results we see are its legitimate fruits.

WAGONS (Second-Hand,)

1 Express Wagon (strong), 1 do. (light),

1 Express Wagon, for 2 horses; 1 do, for fish ; 1 Barouche (nobby), 1 Covered Cab,

1 Vis-a-vis Folding Seat Carringe,

| (ommon Single do.,

1 Carriage (light), | Topy Boggy (cheap),

| Top Bugxy (gvod), | do. (low),

| Large Mail Van Top, just the thing for camping out, price trifling, only $5

Lot old Doois and Sashes at a bargain, 6 Frames and Sashes, large Glass from 15x30 to 15536, James Butcher's build, very good.

Old Bank Paper taken in payment on /iberal terms at

H. COOMB~’ STORE. May 4, 1S82—3i eod, wkiy pat 3i

To “hippers of Produce to Newfoundland.

BOWN &WOODS,

GENERAL COMMISSION MERCHANTS, ST. JOHNS, N.F.,

Give particular attention to Shipments from Prince Edward Island. Consignments Solic ted,

REFERENCES— ‘The Manager Union Bank,St. John’s, N.F Messrs. C. F. Bennett & Co., “ Messrs. Ayre & Marshall, * John H. Cathrae, Charlottetown, P. E. 1 April 24, ’82—pat 2m eod w 2m

Estate of Late W. B. Allin,

coe Trustees being anxious to sell, will receive Offers up to May next, for a two story Dwelling Cottage, with neariy hali ap acre of land, opposite Mr. Gay's prope ty, Melpeque Road; also for a Warehonse f-ur stories high, and a good ceilar, opposite the police station. Enquire of

J W. PICKARD,

JOS. KNIGHT.

April 18, 1882.

Cartwright said in question affecting the com- mercial prosverity of a country, governments are only flies on the wheel, and that the National Policy would ‘not develop home manufacture ’

Rut the increase in the imports of tie raw material quoted is only indicative of the in- crease all around in imported raw materials. In addition to this the increased production of native raw material within the same years, if it could be estimated, would be found to be very large. This raw material. mavufactured in Canada under State Protection, it is that solved the ques- tion which the Liberals declared to be politically insoluble. creased manufacture that the thousands of hungry working men who clamored around the hustings on the eve of the general elections got their work. How the work- ing man has fared in Canada with respect to the employment which he could not find when we had Free Traie, under

Whe Protetive policy Of ty Govern-

It was in this in- |

BOSTON BRANCH

HE BOSTON sILVER PLATING CO are Row prepared to do all kinds of Gold and Silver Plating, such as Knives, F Spoons, Cake Ruskets, Ice Pitchers, Cruet ‘Stands, Tea Sets, Watches and J-weiry of levery description, Caririage Work, Handles, Dashers, etc . etc, Also, Sewing Machines and Guns repaired, and all kinds of fine Machinery. | Every job warranted to give entire satigfac- tion or no charge made. WILLIAM BROWN, Mauager. Shop on the corner of Psince and Grafton Streets, | Cherlottetow, Feb, 4,’'82.

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