1

PAGE TWO

THE EDUCA

-A SA TURDA Y FEA TURE~

PRESENTING NEWS AND VIEWS OF INTEREST T0 TEACHERS AND ALL OTHERS SEEKING

IMPROVEMENT IN ED UCATION

A‘

REDUCED IVIEMBERSHIP IN FEDERAL HOUSE

Attgr“ the nexth Pgderal exlectlfln. mom ahi in t e cusee Com- mom will be xeclucd. In the next Parliament, Manitoba will have l4 members instead of the present 1'1, and Saskatchewan 17 membere instead of 1ll. The representation of the other provinces will f!- maln unchanged. That l5, the dis- gributlun of seats will be: Prince Edward Island 4. Nova Scotla 121

New Brunatvlck l0, Quebec__65. Ontario ti" Ztlmizobu l4. Brill-Sh (‘ulunrl 1111x1111 17, 11nd Yo- k-m T. — 1t total of 238. The cl1u11_1.» cruuc about as a rc-

LABR

1111 urea of about 11f).- 11;'~ 111mg 1.500 miles

'- IlOIRLlQJSI coast 11 inlnclnnls", cud. fishing 111111 11io;111nt industries I1 has water pulv- l (ll‘"(‘l'.\l:(llt‘lll.. The _ 1x11: hxvd 1n ‘ I’r.1'_\' Cvutlcll 1111011

suit of tba 1M1 cennu which 1n- dlcatu that the population of other provinces hu increased in the pee 0 yearn to a considerably greater extent than that of Man wba and Saskatchewan. According to the Britim North American Act. Que- bec 1s always to have 65 members 1n the House. The other pro- vinces will be NDNBOBW! 8009M" mg w how their pulatlon oom- puree with that o Quebec. Prince Edward Island ls assured of hav- ing at least four members 1111c- .the1- or not hcr population trar- lrants that number.

ADOR

.that the Labrador coast.——reco8ll- aired as a part of Newfoundland 1shoulcl extend back to the water- lshed of the river running 111111 [the Atlantic. Premier Godbout 0f lQuebec 1s asking that negotlaucns the Qpened ‘with the Governments 10f Great, Britain and Newfound- ‘land to return Labrador to the 1 Province of Quebec.

r»

l

(TURSICA g

Cdllelrd ls an island 1n the Med- 11t~1-:.11~.<-;111 S111, under French rule 51 17113 was bombed and oc- q, M1 u]; .1l1' 111 the summer of 1o u it zs ll~l 111112,. 1011;; and ab 111111.1- ‘11111111 lt 1s; 1S5 miles souzn. 0. P11111130 I Rome. The taut coast i_S regulalr but the west 1s deeply Lndented‘. interior 1.1 mountainous; chief sulr 1t ls Cinto 8.8111 fect. A larfl!

1- fort 1 bu‘. nhtrsliy, extends cuzls‘. to the foot 0i 1111111411»: tlhcts ofl notably of chest-

p‘... , _1 . from tu1~

1111- :11 111.1 splcudld fomsts,

SARDINIA

511111111; u a may bland l" l!" ¢r1st llit-rlltcrranenn. forming 5| mp. of ltuly; Lmncd1ate1y south 01 (Yollxltl, from which it ls sell-

--, ~ Str: 1t of Bomfaclo: a1 ttod bv tltlenountnjxlous; Elmo

surface 1B

equally divided between fofeséti.

arable land and llilfil-l-m- a“ 125. 'I‘1rso, Sumzlssl 11nd Flumen-

111- Clllnatc is hot _and 1Q- 11- in luwtuq d1strlctsv. P - lcrul, zinc, $111181‘, llgnlte, and ;_ Forest products, 011k. Ollie u other tllnbert cork. tannlnB chztrconl. Prlnclllll! lndus‘ 11>"'c11lt11re: Wheat. barley. pyopS crown". fruit large- fctl: horses, cattle. sheep r111; roared. Wine larsell’

l

LITERATURE (TO A MOUSE)

m. poet wu plmlehln! in 31°- vember, 1785. Mid 131° Plowsha" barbell?“ l” w“ up thelnestaiflur: $81111: fljrllrsrxfsghrvuhts, John Blant- mada after it wl g3; 911118.

and

It, has been s

hate (10118 3°

menssym

11111.... with the wmtletgl" f": "l?"

gclplws- “mongsgfiia two

E lam (B) ~ flan.‘ d,”

R Allyxer m) x am Sorry broken hiou over the beasts vhfls E111 social lllllllll. m. “men Fher! _ - ~ o m . - mulr Wtluyilllgb $231M“! Wmdh ma“

traits annuals W“ a" lumnlé

1,11, win‘: are

strcwlng;

. 11 h use he!

A” §$'.-O1£?1llr11ngn?he wlndl l" gfcalvlm," 11y‘ flimsy walls about.

And; A term used in chemistry WTGhJ-lr olwll“ w “eflam “s; d: 111111210 up °l hid-Tue“

E311 acid-forming elemenw- wnh u“ ‘)Ll1\(1' tu uvutzxlllm b11505 115d 112111 1.1.1.1. ‘l us urc rétzt-Bllllfld ‘ . 1 date, 111111 ulso by 1m,- ulh. lixuluplcs 0i

1 uclus tytirwilluric, llltrlc,

htftg phosphoric etc. , ‘ 111111 51.11.- 5011s’ containlnfl- ~1l1 ucld formurg elements t0 1 - 1111c buses and blilld up , 1,11 ucrtls. _ _ .5 . ‘arm uscti 1n chemistry u. 1111111 .1.1 compounds whlcn hose t111~ poo-Jr o1 uclttrullalng Sollliirlll are recognized by a - 111111 brncltLtl taste. 1, 111111111115 Plrosphute) ._ ,

and 1111-1111111; ncul/Ylll Silli- 111

plllll. 1 v‘. - scurtr 1.1 llllllfillllllht, 110111 0 5011.».

Lime. Ilulally meulu calcium Oxide or calcium and magnesium oxide. Generally used to neutral- ize acidity 1n soils or fertilizers. and muv be available under many forms. _ my Slnked Lime Derived from

exposure of quick limo to . Hytlrulul time; A drv lwwdllat of water slalzed ulck lime.

Burned llmc. qu ck lime, unslak- ed lime, caustic lime: Meaning a. prgpurud limo capable of sinking 1n water.

Ground Llmcstnnc: Pulverlzed calczuvolts o1" magnesium (dolomi- ticl limestone.

Dolnmitlc Limestone: A double commute of lime containing both calcium and magnesium carbon- ates. This form of limestone 1s often used as a filler 1n fertilizers intended for magnesium deficient soil.

Magnesium Sulphete: A c stal- line white gait gcnerall sol un- der the trade name o Kleserlte or 13111190: contains from 30 to 31 per cent, magnesium nxirle and la usually mlxcd in fertilizers intend- ed fer maqncslum deficient soils.

Nitrate of Soda: A pure white

FROM TEMPERANCE AND LIFE

1. Name the rlnclpol things 1e- eel h?

. Answer. principal ‘things ,l!qllll‘€d for 00d health are: (l) ‘fresh air; 1 pure water; (3)

e1- wholasune food: (4) clean (5) proper exercise and

.11111 150 miles west of,

r1:11r11.1z1:11 MATERIALS AND TERMS

1lut trees and olives. Higher up are pasture-i with many 819W Bllll goats. The meet important 11$"- cultural products are olives, svlnes. 1 ‘fruits (lemonsl, and potatoes; lm- ; portant fisheries, also corfll f15ll- mg; minerals include lead. copper. 1 and antimony: granite and lhllfble- climate 1s salu rlous, except on the east coast, where D151" l! mill" arlous. Capital L! AJMClO. the birthplace of NuPOlBOYl Bonaparte. ,today a. modern seflDlil-Yl‘? i135‘?- ‘Other ports are Bastiaand Calvi- The population of COrSlCK 111 1931 was 280.930.

produced; tunny. llmlm- ‘M anchovy fisheries. Chief town ls Calgiarl. Area is 9.299 511113"? mile; Population 1n 1931 was 86ft.- 000, The eastern coast of this 1s- land ls steep-cllffed, difficult to a roach bv sea. Cardlna is valu- a e to Axle u possible evacuation haven for harassed rman-It — fan forces 1n Tunisia. French Cor- sica, now Axis-occupied. and Ital- 11111 51111111111 are tW_0 aatentlal stepping stones for southern Europe. coasts of France and Italy. would be ideal bases for attack ll seized by the Allies, ‘The parallel islands are already beginning to make news with the record ruld on Calgllarl, Sardinia.

Answer (c) But moueie 1101-1 l" not. alone in finding out that foresight may be all 1n vain, for the best thought out. schemes ct mice and men often go \Vl'_0nE leaving us nothing but. dlsaPllolnt- mam and sorrow instead of all the 10y w; had ho ed for.

(d) Stanza t-

to) When all u aid. bower". you are blest compared with me, for you Unly think of the Dre-Fem whereas 1 look backward at. my past mistakes and try in fear w guess at the future.

(e) Ia the poet more concerned with the misfortune; of the field- mouse, or with his own‘!

Answer. I think this poem tells u: the poet is more conccmed with misfortunes of the field-mouse than with his own. His own mis- fortunes are an afterthought.

(f) Burns he: taken the simple mouse, written l. poem about it and has made u; feel for the mouse 11a well as enjoy the poem. How has be done this?

Artswer, By writing as if the field mouse was n. fellow mortal of almost as much importance in this world u we ourselves. BY himself being really interested 1n the misfortune; of the field motlse.

salt, readily soluble in water, an- alygl; about l6 per cent nitrogen. alkaline in reaction in sc/llb. read- 11v available to plante. It il either manufactured from synthetic am- lnOnlu or nitric acid and sodium carbonate, or derived from deposits o1 Caliche in Chile. _

Neutral Fertihzer: This is a term applied t0 a fertilizer 1n which the acld-fomrlng elements are balanced by basic tlements 1n such a, way that the entire mixture when app led to soils will not 1n- crease the acidlt or alkalinity of the soil. The mxture itself, how- ever, may not be neutral in the proper sense of the word, the term being applied simply to the re- action of the mixture in soils.

Alkali Soils: Sails enough base elements to build up a PH reaction above PH 7. (While 1n an acid soil the PH falls bc- low PH '7.) These base elements capable of neutralizing acids, may be present under many forms as: calcium, magnesium, sodium. pot- assium, ammonium, etc. ,

PH (Hydrogen Iron CfJnCElltffl-l 11cm: A term now widely used L01 indicate the degree of acidity or akallnlty in soils and solutions. A neutral solution has l PH value of 7.0. Values above 7.0 denote alkalinity, and below 1.0 denote

cldit .

Phossphorio acid: In fertilizer trade practice. the term means: that combination of phosphorus and orygen expressed by the for- mula P2 O5.

Superphmphete: Now cold in the Maritime Provinces u 20 per cent of l5 per cent P2 O5. Ie produced from treatment of phosphate rock with sulphuric acid. _

Potash: The term potash, as in fertilizer. designates pot- asalum oxide. It la sup lied in

N

the form of various canes: u murlatq of potash, sulphate of potash and sulphate of potash

magnesia.

Sulphate of Ammonia: A oom- merclal by-product made from the gee of colne and sulphuric acid; or from ammonia, gypsum and ear- bon dioxide. It an: yzee about, 25 per cent ammonia equivalent to. 20.5 Der cent nitrogen, and ls widely need ea a source of nitrogen 1n fertilizers, giving best results 0n llmed soils on account its acidity reaction.

avoid and the good sense fa use this knowledge.

I. Give neral reasons why the body requ rea e great amount of water daily?

Answer: f1) Much water la breathed out o! the lungs daily: 1

l!) water Ia needed to get rid of

l! l '(6 clean surroundings; (7) temperate he te in all and ‘km-WWII whet b and It

Itlllflhllb

the wute materiel through;

perspiration; 131 internally it, as- slsu; in the elulllnutlull of wastes: (4) 1t also helps to regulate the heat of the body by circulating through the tissues and the ll‘

of perspiration (keeps t body c001) 35) playsa remarkable part in the aiding o1 chenllcal changes which i5 the basis of metabolism.

3. Give reasons wily alcohol re- tards metabolism.

Answer: (l) Alcohol has l. strange desire for water and when taken into the human body 1t robs the tissues o1 their water; (2) It shrivels inc ccrpusclesufllle blood retarding OXIILLUOH; 131 It, causes the food in harden. lulerferring with digestion 11nd the elimination of waste; <41 Leads to disease be- cause it ls a poison, lessens mus- culur, mciltul uud moral power, 1010:1105 constant crurlllg for more, am‘! ouuwrcrk,» 1hr heart.

a. if you pour solllc water '

4. Whut 1s l c DQ111111! point. o; water? tf 1110.111 ‘l Wtrzlt is freez. 111g temperature? What is blood heat?

Anrw ' The boiling point, of

grater ‘ 212 degrees‘, alcohol 1'12 lKIPRT-"vs: ir-cullg is 32 degrees, and 1hr bluutl l1‘ 1 1t 9B degrees,

and

alcohol 11111» u lnrgc low. lube untw

then shuke them together, what three things will be noted? Answer: 111 On shaking the

tube so that the two liquids mix, we shall observe a large number of tllly bubblcg b01113: driven off. Ordiuuljv water contains air dis- solved lll ll. and when the al- cohol mixes mtlmalelv with the water the air ls driven out 1n [hgsg bubbles: 12) Heat will be develop- ed as the result of this Joining t0gether of the two liquids. and the tube will become pcrcrptibly warm- er tlnun hnofucr tuba. containing water only; (31 Equal volumes cf the tWo liquids, when mixed will be found to occupy less space than that of the two separate volumes,

6. What is alcohol? Give some of the uses of alcohol.

Answer. Alcohol 1s a mclblle, colorless liquid, 1Jos§ou<iug a slight but agreeable spirituous odor, and a llllhgent taste. and hurtling with 3 Dale bluc. non luminous flame. Il-S boiling point ls lower than wat- er. being about 172 decrees Pahreru helt. Its freezing point ls Very low. Uses: Alcohol is especially useful us 11 solvent of orurlnlc and lllorgillllc rsubslanccs. It. is used to dissolve balsanls, essential oils, fatty acids. resins, soaps, sugars and many drugs like camphor and others.

'7. Docs alcohol interfere with the imturul defences of thc body?

Answer. Yes. 1ll Alcohol has an affinity for oxygen and thus robs the blood of its loose orygen which seriously interferes with the cells of the body; (Z) Alcohol has a. 5139851 fondness for water rob- blug the tissues of this fluid. This accounts for the horrible thirst following dnmkcnness; (3) Al. cohol like other narcotic poisons can penetrate all cell wglLq with 513:3’ greatest ease and cause in-

ll. (at Give the meaning of: L1. Wld DllW-‘Oltylcs? (bl Who was Alllfilll‘ V1111 Lccrlwcuhcck? Pas- teur? Metchiirikoff?

Ansrvers: (a) Lipold is a subst. "l" “Oi/Bring the nerve fibres. which prevents the messages from Spreading flhd from losing their effect. ‘Phugccytesf’ are the white corpusclcs which fight the (115969 germs urhen they enter the body, Wag” fkllfilll‘ V1111 Leeuwenhoek m a utclunun 1vl1o discovered

e mlcm-icflllc- Pasteur was e. Wench scientist who discovered lhflt some 0f these germs a5 seen lhlfllleh the mrcrcscone We"e the “all” "f sick “ lMetdh-lnjkoff lmkbvfll P "lctlr observed

1 when enemy germs get’ into the 1105.1’ that nature had alrggdy Drovlded a defence any"; 1n the whit-e cells 0r blood Cfifpuszjleg,

9- Wllat ls the effect of alcohol

011w

rcd blood cells thus lessening their oxygen-carrying capacity; Some cell; may be eltm ed. he body becomes clogged wth waste; be- m blood cell: ere un- able 1m their work ro- rly. Alcohol peralyaee the w lte lood cells and reduces their pow- er to combat erms thus leaving n disease. Thlais h breaks down the de- fence: of the body against disease. l0. What 1s the effect of alcohol on the nervous system? Alcohol dissolves llpold and therefore robs the brain and nerves of their abil- ity to function properly. 'I‘h1s ef- fect noticed 1n: l. Less ower of self-control. 2. Lesa rap dlty of thought. 3. Less accuracy of judg- ment. 4. Less sharpness of el ht. , 5 Less capacity of muscular act on. l6. Less steadiness of hand. ‘ ll. Experiment. Take the white of an egg which ls most like the human brain c-f any substance that we can see. Put it in a bottle and pour in some alcohol. Shake to- gether. then notice what effect the alcohol has on the white of the egB- —

Answer. The alcohol causes the white of the egg to coagulate.

l2. Give some of the chief rea- sons for the wide spread use of alcohol.

Answers. ‘The chief reasons for the wide-spread use cl alcohol are {grounded 1n ignorance and super- yrtlticn. People believe: 1. That 1t

produces energy for work. ‘l. That 1t assists them to bear fatigue to resist exposure and to endure cold. 3. That it dispels sickness. relieves hunger, and soothes the stomach. All these beliefs are false. We have learned that alcohol does none of these things and that on the contrary 1n every case 1t; does the exact. opposite.

13. Why it is the worst possible thing to give anyone suffering from a. chill a drink of spirits?

Answer: When a person gets a. chill 1t ls often extremely doubtful what illness may develop. Con- scquently it ls unwise to adminis- ter anv form of alcoholic bevera as it tends to weaken the mach n- fry of the body which has the power to combat disease genus (red and white corpuscles, heart, oxidation, etc.) The principal ma- chinery are the ydiiie oorpuscles and a well-established fact that the effect of alcohol on them is to stoo their normal increase and oaralvze these which are el- readv there.

l4. Hold :1 cold white olatc 1n an ordinary gas-jet. ‘There will be a. rich deposit of soot. Hold a. clean plate 1n an alcoholic flame there is no deposit of soot. This show how valuable alcohol can be when used 1n the laboratory. Alcohc/l burns with a pale blue flame mak- lug little light. butrgreat heat. I

o o

l5. How ls the value

grain reduced ln making beer?

1 Answer. In melting the diastase ls awakened and commences the process of convening starch 1n the grain to sugar. This iowera the food value by twenty per cent. Mashlng hastens and completes the process and reduces food value by a further fifty per cent. Fermenta- tion changes the sugar to alcohol and reduces the food value of the

grain by about twenty-seven per cent, leaving lean than three per cent 1n the beer produced.

l6. Does alcohol help digestion and warm the body?

Answer. Alcohol hinders diges- tion by preventing the digestive Juices from com g in contact with the food eaten, there de- laying decomposition. A cohol affects the digestive uices and weakens the organ; t. at absorb nutriment from the food we eat. Alcohol does not wwffn the body. 1t causes the res of the skin to expand and us heat escapee. The drinker feels warmer be- cause the blood ha; been forced to the surface of the body. Actual- lv his body Ls not as wan-n as it

on 1hr bloc/d c ., A .

was before drinking.

m .

HEN/it 11511120111

I reason ND THOMPSON

Simon Prue: was e Soot from Glen: .v who entered the eervlce o! the umuwm Company and nftenurde became a partner. l-fe croued the Rookie; the Peece

ver Pass in search o the Colum- 5 River whose mouth had been uoovered by some American ex- onre. He geve the country the name of New Caledonia (now 81-1- Colurnbie) which it retail-reg

Y 9-5:?

an W85

which bears his name that it

disappointed to discover

The Jceobim were the follower» of June: II and hi: deeoendentu. When the throne passed to the German Kings. the Jecobltes were not well pleased and efforts were made by them to restore the Stuarts. The first Jacobite rebel- lion broke out in 1715 but the mrl of Mar who raised the standard of Jame; Edward, “Pretender” in Scotland was checked by the Duke of Ar 1e near Stirling while the Erlglis supporters of the Stuarts were forced W surrender to the r0111 army at Preston. The next at mpt wan made on behalf o! Prince Charles Edward, son of the Pretender. 1n 1745 when King George's troops were engaged 111 the war of the Austrian Succes- sion. The time 111v; favorable and the rising was formidable. After capturing Edinburgh where he was well received Prince Charlie with his Highlanders defeated the refl-

PBEPARING FOR THE POST WAR AUTOMOBILE

OSHAWA, April 30th.- Current probabilities appear to indicate that our immediate postwar car will be the 1942 car with such modifications and improvements as can be made without important engineering dev- elopment or changes in tools, W. A. Wecker, Geareral Manager of Gen- eral Motors of Canada, declared to- day. Mr. Wecker added that the speed with which the automobile industry can resume car manufact- uring will depend WPOn how promp- tly the govennent releases produc- tion facilities for this purpose.

The car industries production fac- ilities end its total effort are very closely linked with the country's War production Job, Mr. wecker pointed out. This has a bearing, not only on the kind of car which can be planned for the immediate post- armlstlce period but also on the time that will be required to turn out vehicles for a mibllc whose needs will be greater than ever before.