THESE THREE young ladies are ~ dleing tobacco leaves on the farm of

Leonard Vaerwyck and

, neste, Grandview. . Tobacco — pro-

ducers in this province

¢ éstimated

spokesman Mark Van-

had their

greatest year for production. The

Island tobacco

position good

Prince Edward Island's bacco industry is in a better po- , sition now than it has ever been since the crop-Was first produc- ed here commercially in 1959 - - the reference is to the modern production effort. Crops~-were grown in the P. E. I. govern- ment’s experimental farm at Greenfield in 1959 and 1961.

This optimistic ‘statement is attributed to a provincial depart- ment of agriculture spokesman, Doug Kilpatrick whose views on the industry are reproduced elsewhere in this edition.

An objective look at the indus- try appears to suggest two things One is that-the tobacco produc- tion has not gained the promin- ence and the relative economic e that was predicted_of it_by.-outside_experts....so_called- at least, who predicted tremen- dous possibilities.

. The other conclusion is that the possibilities were oversold Hy at least some of those pro. | phets of future development.

One man said for example, fhat- tobacco »productive ecapa- city and the money it would bring to the province, would com- pensate the Island for not hav- ing any heavy industries. Fan- tastic sums of. monéy were sug- gested possibilities.

impor

taken place, nor is it likely to in| the future. But agricultural re- ‘search men here suggested last jyear the time is not far distant iwhen tobacco will be bringing /$4,000,000 annually--in- cash -re- |turns. " The past predictions of .seven !or eight years ago by visitors, | and the forecast of last year must be regarded as spe-| iculative though last year’s pre- diction came from the Soils and Crops committee of the Agricultural Council from the P.E.1. Agricultural Council from the P:E-1; and” Canada depart- ments of agriculture and, men who are closely associated with the . Island’s developing agricul- -al_economy— |ENCOURAGING...FACTS.. | But several hard facts | are en- \couraging, and this reference is 'to accomplishments that a1- | Teady have been recorded.

Yields per-acre have risen, from 960 pounds in 1961 to 1,100 |° jpounds last year and the, price |was_also.really good. The esti- | imated yield in 1965 was 440,000

pounds.

The yield in 1964 was 385,000 pounds for an average of 990: In the: previous year it was 350,000 for- an average production ef

780 pounds.

average, a government suggested, was around

-|1100 pounds_last year. Tobacco leaf produced on the better farms was considerably more than that.

In 1962 there were 163,400 pounds produced for an average yield; per acre of 545 pounds this was the low point in the tobacco industry here. 5 In 1961, the first. year the crop was produced by-tsland farmers on. their own land, the yield was 81,970 pounds for an average

. to-, This development has not yield of 960 pounds.

QUALITY GOOD —

| Quality was really good last

year, experienced ‘tobacco men said and this’ was one of the crops. that thrived on the dry, warm summer. The tobacco leaf weighed more, they said, and one producer was talking of an average of 1,500 pounds per acre during the latter part of the iseason, though he reduced his estimate slightly after all of his crop had been harvested. Douglas Roloson, Ocean View became the Island’s largest pro

former experimental farm at Greenfield -to add to his acre- age total.

Countdown: underway

MONTREAL (CP) — Exactly ove year from today the 1967 Montreal world’s fair will open to visitors.

A “countdown clock” was to be switched on as the keynote of a day dedicated to ‘‘one-year-to- go celebrations.

; |sent in large quantities once the

i |then. put in just enough to grow

F jed.

- |present danger of mid-Septem- jber frosts and although much of [5

iducer..when--he—purchased....the.|!

Tobacco plants not as tough Education

|

as is frequently believed important

By J. D. Kilpatrick Horticulturist

PEI Dept. of Agriculture

Tobacco requires a light sandy soil that is low on nitro- gen content. While nitorgen is essential to” -make™* the young plants grow, it must not be pre-

maturing process begins. A knowledge of soil chemistry and the ability to contro! the nitro- gen content is essential to suc- cessful tobacco growing. Ideal- ly, the best soil would contain no nitrogen. The grower would

the plants so that the nitrogen in the soil would be completely

bringing in leaves from. the

a curer, who is the top paid man ~ on the crew, and the man can make you or break you"

‘Primers and tiers (tiers are wo- men, -generally who tie leaves |

thes) are next onthe labor pay scale. Picking requires a strong _ Supple back and tiers must have ‘considerable manual dexterity. Young teenagers can fill the less | demanding job of leaf hendlers. |

ldrag and are tied in “hands” of | three leaves to a stick; 32 hands (96 leaves) to each stick. Be-

absorbed when maturation ‘start-

Contrary to general belief, to- bacco is a tough, hardy plant and can withstand fairly great extremes of moisture and tem- perature. However, the least touch of frost anytime before harvest could’ completely wipe out a year’s crop.

In P.. EI. there is an ever-

the crop will have been harvest- ed by that time, many thous- ands_of dollars worth of leaves could be destroyed by one night of frost. Similarly,.frost in the latter part of May will kill the young plants. Tobacco is planted about Ap- ril 1 in a cold frame green- house. While the greenhouse represents an investment of a- bout $2,500 for a glass unit, seed is a minor expefise. Minute in size, one ounce costing $3 will seed 90 acres. Some P. E. I. growers are using plastic green houses successfully. These unit can be built for $500 - $700 but must be re-covered each year. When the plants have reach- ed seven to eight inches in height in the greenhouse they are tran- splanted to the field. This usual ly-takes place“ soon after May 24 Five people generally take part in this operation: A_ tractor driver, two people on the plant- er, and two persons pulling plants in the greenhouse. Following completion .of har- vesting the tobacco is divided into five or six different grades ‘for shipment. It is then baled and shipped to processing plants |1 Ontario. Y

Grading starts around Nov. 1, after preparation of the follow- —ling year’s tobacco land has been completed. It lasts most of

cause of the difficulty in hiring experienced tiers some growers are using tying machines. These machines resemble large sew- ing machines and sew the leaf butts together over the lathes. This requires a crew of five peo- ple - one person less than would with heptadrin for cutworms |be needed if hand tiers were em- and wireworms. After trans- | ployed. More tobacco can be planting, the fields are usually \tied on each lath with a tying

with. DDT. for -protec- |machine, but. overloaded_ lathes tion against flea-beetles which Cause poor air circulation in the move in from the potato fields, |kiln and makes curing difficult: At present, these are the only |The-sticks are then. placed in insects or parasites that both- | Specially - constructed curing

DOUG KILPATRICK

in farming

By DAVID E. WARD

field and unloading them, and |

lin farming are land, labor. and ‘capital, a fourth resource, man- lagement, could be added.

varying quantities, Management

lis the resource which co-ordinat-

jes the remaining threes It can be considered as the most impor- |tant.

The degree of management

The leaves are brought in lability can partly be measured \from the field in a “boat” or ‘by profit. The management ab- cess throughout life. This type |up

ility as exhibited now and as shown in the past may determine | one’s ability ‘to obtain further | capital. Land, labor, capital, and management then actually de | termine the farm production. To; the same extent that an expand- ing operation calls for the use of someone else's labor, it may call for the use of someone else's capital.

Marketing ts now coming to| be: an important agricultural problem. In the not too distant future we may see production as an appendage or a thing, at- tached to marketing up to now, you see, marketing has become a thing attached to production.

ifarming, it includes all those in- |

: , Page 7-A Third wreck within week

referred to as vagh ‘business | CALCUTTA, India (AP)—The offer employment. to those who |third train wreck within a week

The Guardian - The Evening Patriot

years of age and 85 per cent of farmers under 45 years_of age had attended an agricult ural school. Agriculture

is more than)

idustries related to farming.

“who | The three primary resources are properly trained and want to | ‘in Naga tribal territory of As-

work in agriculture. sam State and‘a new uprising Few young people who start) ‘by Mizo tribesmen against In- farming have an_ agricultural dian government forees in

to ‘sticks’? which resemble la- Everyone ‘has these resources in school education. All of the re- Southern Assam were reported

sponsibility for this situation “ednesday night.

cannot rest upon young people. A freight train. in the Tin Parents exert a dominating in-|Sukia-Mariani area went off the fluence on the extent and na- rails Wednesday. No casualties ture of their children’s educa-|Wwere reported. There was. no in- tion. idication of the cause.

Education is a continuous pro-| Three trains have been blown in the area . within two lof continuing education can be |months, with a death toll of 133. described as ‘any. situation; A leader of the Naga inde- where learning takes:place.” |pendence movement denied |This can happen at farm man-.|Wednesday that his people—are jagement meetings, short) cours- involved in train sabotage, as jes; field trips, . tours, swine suspected’ by Indian officials. ibreeders meetings and so on. To the south, Mizo rebels ex- For further information on /|changed rifle fire for two hours courses available in agriculture |with Indian forces near the contact either The Registrar, |town of Aijal Monday night, of- Nova Scotia Agricultural Col-|ficial Assam sources re lege, Truro, N.S: or the P.E.I.|There were no reported casual [Department of Agriculture. \ties and the rebels finally fled.

«kk wk kk KK wk

FRIDAY & SATURDAY ONLY

er tobacco plants in P. E. I. Plants are spaced at two feet apart on 42 inch rows. This gi- ves 6,225 plants to the acre. Cultivation occupies most of the ‘time between transplanting and harvesting. About a week before harvest-

ing begins all the flowering heads of the plants are broken off. This ‘“‘topping’’ operation

is done so that all growth in the plant goes into leaf develop- ment. When the terminal bud is broken off suckers develop at the base of the leaves and-these too must be removed if full leaf development is to be obtained,

Harvesting gets under way a- bout. August 15 and lasts until approximately the middle of September. The leaves are pic- ked as they mature, with the older bottom leaves being har- vested first, two or three leaves being taken at each picking. The field is thus gone over five or six times at intervals of a week to ten days.

TOP MAN

ployment of as many as 15 per- sons on the average unit of 30- 35-acres. A standard crew would ‘consist of six primers (pickers)

~ithe-winter—and-—-must~be--finish--

close. This act that while the

bacco mar! points up

As

feel there is a definite need_for-| increased production in Canada |

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led before March 1<when the to- |

for markets now and in the | future,-the tobacco - companies |

“Harvesting “entails the~ “ere |

two. tiers, four leaf. handers,. two.

barns known as ‘‘kilns”. About six kilns are needed for a stan- dard unit, each eee an investment of about $2,000.

KILN A DAY ay

A-das’s werk tp 46 fl ue kee which holds about. 1,23 sticks. Propane or ‘oil burners bring the temperature to 90 de- grees. This temperature is held with high humidity for about two days until the desired lemon yellow color is obtained.

The temperature is then slow- ly raised to. about 115 degrees to fix the color in the leaves. Heat is again increased and the temperature is driven up to 165 degrees to completely dry the leaves. and .stems... Curing is now completed.

The kiln is then opened to. al- low the leaves to take up enough moisture to toughen them for handling and storage. This is known as “bringing into case’’. After 2 to 6 days the cured to- bacco is stored in tiers in a dry barn.

‘USED DRUG FOR LONG

Hill tribes in India have used the rauwolfia plant, now an in- gredient of tranquilizers, for medicine for 2,000 years, __

“The

%

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In other words characteristics of modern farming imply _less labor and more managerial ab- flity. This is where education en- ters the picture; managers re-

orers. Formal education and continuing education is then necessary. for profitable farm business in the future.

Part of the solution of farm in- come lies in giving as ma years of schooling as possible to the young people who will be op- | erating the farms of the future.

Various~ studies have shown | for example that income Tises | as education rises. Shown also | was the fact that sons and dav- | ghters..of high-income farmers. who move off the farm took special training for the job they received. However this was not true of young people who

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