1;.-THE GUARDIAN

Publuhed every week-do! morning of 1:: Prince Street. ciun ioftel-own. P. E. l.. by The Thomson Company Limited.

'Covorn Prince Edward Island ulo the Dow" Editor and Muilur. Ian A Burnett.

ranch office: If S mine me. M to " .. sec... 6.... .51. .. .2: ..::r

Associate Editor. Frank Walker

Oftlwn.

By Carrier: Charlottetown. Sulnmu-side 015.00 per annum Elne

when In P.

"The -tronre-t memory is weaim thin

I 39.00. Other Province; and U 5, Per unnum. i

uie weuiien ink." mmee

TUESDAY. OCTOBER 5. I954 fluence on

'time and a

Tile London Act

1

an infinitely better chance of attainment tion to a than almost anyone would have thoughtiurgent need for long-range plans by which

possible after France's rejection of German participation in E. D. C. a month ago.

I

A, ,,m , United States.

iworthy of a nation founded on the prin-

ciples of the brotherhood of man and the

lfatherhood of God." It is probable that

Movements

local hustings expected to have election

long and

public atteii- evil and the

'to combat it. The fact that the appeal was authorized by the leaders of the three ma-,

Probably British and United States par. jor faiths gives some idea of the serious-if. ticipation in long-term European defencelness of the problem that racial and relig- l'

wasthe critical factor which made success,l0liS Pfellldlces Presents t0 any System 0t possible. It is unlikely that France would free and Y'9SP0hSlbl9 g0V9Phm9ht-

have agreed to an

arrangement which;

would have resulted in West Germany be-'

ing senior partner by reason of military and industrial strength. The inclusion of Britain

l knows the

The family that

Fire Prevention

has been burned out importance of precautions

and the United states reduces the 1-eiative against fire. It is no less important to those importance of Germany in the pi-oposedlwhose personal acquaintance with conflag- NATO set-up and makes it possible for tho-lration is still to come. There are surpris- French National Assembly to give its ap-ilngly few Unexplained tlFGS- That l5 t0 Say proval without feeling that it is haiidingla cause can be determined which could France to its traditional enemy on a plat-lhave been eliminated or corrected by a llittle forethought.

ter.

When the definitive treaties have been

Carelessness with matches and cigarettes,

drawn up and NATO takes action to admit! faulty heating systems. electrical hazards. Germany there will be a united front ofidangerous cleaning fluids and rubbish per-

nations who have no aggressive aims, but who stand prepared to resist any extension of Soviet rule westward. that India should so recently have declar- ed her intention not to fight unless herself, attacked. That almost amounts to an in-l vitation to the Soviet Union to expand in that direction, counting on other nations de- clining to extend aid to India which that

It is unfortunate

initiative to lately.

country is unwilling to reciprocate. ling with it.

It is the old story that if you wish f0l'I, peace, it is necessary to prepare for ward When Europe is ready to fend off any ag- gressor, it is most unlikely that there will be any aggression to worry about.

coiomiio PIan- Meeting

Ottawa is the scene of the mid-way meeting of the six-year Colombo Plan con- sultative committee. in any sense a policy-making body for all the countries of South and Southeast Asia adopt their own policy of economic develop- ment and enter into agreements directly with other Commonwealth countries and the

The committee is not

l it does save

United States aimed at furthering that de- Sig” that 3” velopment. The annual meeting of the consultative-

committee does, however, survey the pro- gress that has been made and help to co-

imitted to collect in contribute to the toll from fire. The list of common causes is much longer than this, of course, but what is required is an eye for what is potentially a cause of fire and the

cellars and attics all

deal with the hazard immed-

When a fire has started it is somewhat late to consider ways and means of deal-

A great deal of property dam-

age and. more important. loss of life could be prevented if more of us adopted the Boy Scout motto, "Be Prepared". It is easy to think quietly about ting out of the house or a public building, of notifying the fire department or other'were assistance, of dealing with blazes from par- ,ticular causes, and so forth before an emer- igcncy actually arises. When the fire starts it is time for action.

It is for this reason that the educational. work carried on with the support 0 .fire fighting authorities is so iFire drill may seem to be a nuisance but

the best way of get-

the importan i..

lives. It should be the outward taking part are inwardly ready

for an emergency.

EDITORIAL NOTES

Transportation is recognized as one of

ordinate the efforts being made to raisel the most serious problems facing the Mari-

holdings.

spent.

the standard of living of that quarter of times. the world's population which lives in the! resolve, being C0l0mb0 Plan area. They are largely C0m- boundaries being at variance with geograph- inomvealth citizens. which accounts for the, igai i-eiatiohshipg, Plan being started in the first place, but others have been welcomed to join in a common effort to raise production and liv- ing standards which are throughout the area. Relief is not the basis of the Plan's op- eraiions but emergency requirements have

tries of South and Southeast Asia havel largely agricultural economies based on the production of very

do not include any serious unemployment. Rather they are those of applying capital, and technical skills to raising the and standard of living of whole areas. Much has already been done in the first three, years of the plan and more is expected ofi its second half. ,

The contributions of Canada and otheri countries outside the area of the Plan. al-E though important, are in quantity a very small part of the funds intended The countries

deplorably low ,

. . made it necessary at times to include lit!-lSlle.CeS'. th lief measures in its application. The coun-' aim in E

recognized.

small-scale individual d 1 Their problems, although seriou::,l eat 1'

incomcl

to be,

directly concernctii

have made and will continue to make the

greatest contribution towards the goal oil increased prosperity for their own people. which will mean a less unbalanced world in an economic sense. i

Roman Catholic. Protestant. and Jewish religious leaders in the United States haw

l Jdnt A'”.' foodstuffs it

It is also about the most difficult to We

a consequence of political

Jacques Offenbach (the name was his dma” ”mb"”"”e """”l” I own choice), i

German-French composer, died

this. date 1880. He spent most of his life in Paris, managing various theatres and com- l posing and producing nearly 100 light stage It was not, however, until his ac.

United States that he was fully His only .large-scale opera,

”Contes d'Hoffmann" occupied him many years and. indeed was left unfinished at his

O O O

A small penitentiary for the segregation. of the most hardened criminals may result and heat. from the investigation into recent rioting at Kingston, Stuart Garson. ing operated on relatively advanced line:;,?l2l'.k by volume. Most of the sub- prisoncrs being given opportunity for use- ful work, sclf-improvement and recreation. It may be found necc-ssary,i however, class some convicts as incorrigible.

according to Justice Minister The penitentiary was be-

if)

Eastern Europe, that is to say the Com- munist satellite countries, will be short of food this winter, according to the U. S. In- formation Agency. As this suffering from excess production of various

continent is

would seem to be a time to get

back to old fashioned trading. The problem. of course, is not as simple as that but it

-l0l"9d l" 3" ”pl”3"l '0 the Relmbnca" and should be possible to find ways of deriv-

Democratic Parties to adopt "a fair elec-l tions-practices help to eliminate -- racial and religious DN- ' judice from the 1954 Congressional cam- paign." The appeal calls also for the organ-

declaration which would

, ing mutual advantage from the situation.

The national and Maritime conferences of the Community Planning Association are

lzation of Anon-partisan and norr-sectarian; being held at Saint John thl! W0hk- The

committees in every community g watchful eye on campaign activities and to, call to the attention of political leaders tmyi instance of appeal based on religious or racial prejudice." the appeal concludes.

cummin-

"Let us make certain", "that our election Omlcal and

are in every sense free and.

um keep 31 organizations represented do not go in for community planning themselves but are en- gaged ln the task of convincing citizens and governments that a community whose de- velopment is planned can be more econ-

plcasanl to live in than one

. which, like Topsy, "just. growed".

the leaders of both political parties will give ear to this appeal; but that will not mean a sudden end to cor- rupt political practices in all areas of the started at the top have to find their way into ward-com- rooms and they can be

before much in- practices. That takes thorough process of education in the ways of responsible citizen- In the long and difficult road towards a ship. which. if begun on the eve of a na- C united Europe the agreement reached at tional election, would London on Sunday is a most important gmilestone. It is not the end of the journey l Perhaps but the objective is at least in sight and has l08Cl0i'S' Hppeal l5 that it Calls l widespread moral

, almost certainly be lost sight of in the maze of controversy.

the chief value of the religious ,

l

Living in Hopes

The hiysieri

(Financial

Where do fires come from?

That's- the question constantly before those whose job is pre- venting fires-not only in Fire

Prevention Week. but through- out the year. Origins of fires are not we

hard to pinpoint-only 8,000 of last year's 67,500 fires in Canada were listed "cause unknown." But to put. the blame on careless smoking or spontaneous ignition is to tell only

part of the story.

Carelessncss of many kinds- witli tobacco, with fireplaces. with gasoline-is respoiisibic for nine-teiitlis of all fircs, say the experts.

Much of this carelessness is traceable to simple ignorance of the nature of fire. Yet if a few simple rules of fire chemistry common knowledge, the rising fire toll could be reduced. lives spared and property sale- guarded.

William Larkin of the Missouri ,Iiispect.ion Bureau recently called attention to some basic facts about the cause and prevention of fires. Here's what he said:

Ordinarily we think of heat as the result of fire. Actually heat it the cause of fire. We are all ifamlllar with the wooden match. Our thinking is that matches icause llrcs. Perhaps our thinking does not follow all the way lthrough. A wooden match could remain in a holder for 1.000 years if left undisturbed, without start- png a fire.

0 O C i We know that friction will

igencrate heat. In fact. our early

iancestors made fire by rubbing pieces of wood together. ppnse we heat the head of a,

a fire. A second match ignites 'when flame is applied to its head. Flame applied to a piece of paper starts it burning. The obvious conclusion. therefore, is that or- does not ignite and burn until heated. The degree of heat necessary to cause burning varies with the material and is known an ignition or kindling temperature.

Some substances will not bum. Certain substances will burn. What. makes them burn?

The answer is that when a substance 'burns it. combines chemically with oxygennff the chemical reaction is slow, such as .the rusting of iron to iron. oxide. it. is not considered as combus-

He has been called the creator Oiiiion. If the chemical rerictlori is opera bouffe.

active and vigorous we call it a fire. Therefore. we could define 1! fire as the rapid chemical com- bination of n subfxincc with oxygnn with the evolution of light

0 I p

What is the source of . thcl oxygen? We live in on atmos- Lphcxc which contsliis oxygen-

stnncea we use me combining chemically with oxy- gen. Thus the possibility of fire is cverpresent. All that is needed is heat. of sufficicnt'lntcnslty to start. active chemical combination of the substance with oxygen,

Prevention of the in ordinary combustible materials consists mainly of the elimination of sources of ignition such I: open flomu and lpatku and the separa- tion of the combustible material from sources of heat by on air gap or by the use of insulating mute-

cspable of

best protection since insulation merely retards the passage of heat. and long continued heat. can permeate insulation.

We should conditions that before I fire can occur: substance mutt. be capable combining chemically

than 1593:

which it. will with oxygen.

actively

present." Moot Iubstlncoo

wick of 0. candle.

wick

match by friction. The result is'

fill. An air gap in perhaps the

iemember ihe Lhrcc must be present (D the of." with , oxy-i gen: (2) oxygen must in present; in sufficient amount, usually more and (3) the substance must, bot heated to the point. at comuinei,0"

A fourth condition is usually -tire changed from I mild or 1 tiquld .25 I can before they Actively com- - blue with oxygen. We light. the

The burning. Linn you click mom one-wax.-The-imeloeo pmuon 6 when the liquid vs: II

es0fFbme "

Post)

changed to a gas. It is the gas that burns, not the solid or the liquid.

The above is also true for wood. paper, fibres and soft coal. Ap- plied heat. drives off volatile component parts in the form of gases. It is the gases that burn. After the combustible gases are consumed, the red or white but embers can combine directly with

the oxygen in the air and con- tinue burning. Gasoline and other inflam-

mable liquids do not burn. The liquid must. first. be changed to a gas or vapor. We could demon- strate this by placing an electric spark below the surface of a flammable liquid. No oxygen. no fire. The same spark held above the surface of the flammable liquid where the vapor is mixed with air results in a fire. Ignition of flammable vapors does not occur when the concentration of vapor mixed with air is too lean

PUBLIC FORUM

Ihll oolninn is upon to fhO'lIIlllIn oion by correspondent: of question- of lnleull. The Guardian Incl not nocunrlly endoru on opinion of correspondents.

POTATO MEETING

sir,-The meeting in the Forum on Wednesday night. was a ter- rible dlsappointment to many. My faith in and my high regard for the people of P. E. I. received I great. shock that night.

Your report of the meeting in your issue of Sepia. 30th was fair; but you only referred to the heck- ling. The great. amount of booing. eic., kept. many of us from hoar- lng much of the speeches which we went. there to hear.

I for one long to help the far- mers regain in the next generation the ground which they lost on the night. of Sept. 29. 1954.

I am. Sir. etc. GEORGE W. TILLEY. Cherry Valley, P.E.I.

C.:....?.:......

DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY

or too rich to burn, even though a source of ignition is present. i . 0 3

Your automobile carburetor is an excellent example. Unless the guanine lvapor is mixed in the proper porportlon with air the spark plugs will not fire the mixture. .Below 1.3Tl. gasoline vapor and air is too lean to ex- plode. Above 6'.&- the mixture is too rich to burn. The explosive range or inflammable limls for gasollne is relatively narrow as compared with other flammable liquids.

For example, ethyl ether has an explosive range between 1.857.. and 38.572. We do foolish and dangerous things with gasoline and Set RWRY with it because conditions are not. just right. Disaster can overtake us if we continue to use it unsafely.

We should also remember that the vapors given off by flam- mable liquids are heavier than nlr. Gasoline vapor is three to four times as heavy as air and can flow horizontally and down- ward to a source of ignition and flash back to the source of the

vapors. Keeping inflammable liquids in closed nonbreakable containers.

nllmlnstlon of possible sources of ignition and the dilution of flam- mable vapora by ventilation .to mixtures too lean to burn are the principal safeguards.

Intense burning can occur where the supply of oxygen is in excess of the normal 217; by volume. Oxygen mixed with the flammable ncctylenc lexample. Dlsnstrous results can loci-ur from smoking in hospital inreas 'wherc oxygen is being ad- lministered to patients. , .

. . .

Spontaneous does occur. We know that the chemical nmblnaoiuu of oxygen with a substance generates bent and that heat. accelerates rate of oxldhtlon. Unless the heat. de- veloped can be radiated lo builds up until the ignition temperature of the-substance is reached and I fire ensues. Linseed oil dries by combining with oxygen. A: point on a surface the heat. generated is dissipated." when impregnated in fibre: wherq the heat generat- ed cannot be radiated. A fire in just. a matter of time. This in also true of certain animal and ven- tnble oil:-the degree of fire h'-znrd being the l'!"i'linQll with

ignition can nnd

which the oil: will combine chemically with oxygen. Put quit Fire

Now suppose we put mil. the

three conditions necessary for R

to 11-point. beiow their ignition temperature by the of water or a wntcrzuolutiou.

will so out. We can cover or an inert (ll

dioxide or carbon tetrachloride.

burning ourfooc. blow

You do

and control of public institutions

gas is tiny

fire. If we remove any one of the fire; combustion will cease. We iii Cool the burning materials npplicnlon

'12-) Blanket. the fire by cutting the supply of oxygen. If we place a rover out a vessel con- tllntnx o burning llauld the fire the surflcc of the liquid with foam ouch II. urban

(3) separate the name from I Int out I mltch. flame from burnlm surfaces can be done with certain

Sir,-The matter of ownership

established an d. maintained bv

various groups or individuals arises. After all, directors, mau- ngers, governors or other execu-

tives are only trustees for those whose work and money set. up these establishments. Government institutions for the care of the sick. poor or law breakers are owned by all whose taxes or vol- untary gifts paid and are paying for them. So too, educational fa- cilities organized and maintained by money contributed by many classes and crccds. Ownership .5 by those who- create them. They cannot be said to belong to any one group or to any one time, The University of New Bruns- wick is carried on as part of the education system of that prov- ince, though it has been helped by private, benefactors. 'It is part of the public estate and reaches out to all who wish to share in what if has to give. Dalhousic was brought into being by the Scotch element in Nova Scotla. it is moulded on the University of Ed- inburgh and for the greater part of its life have drawn upon the Scotch Presbyterlans for support and supply of students. Many of this element are now in the Un- lted Church of Canada. Their in- terest in Dalhousie is still strong Thc' United Church has the. ap- pointment of a member of the Board of Governors. as it has on- dowed at least one of its chairs. The ancestors of those who enter- ed the United Church fellowship contributed largely to the hltzh

The Guardlui

l air.

on the assumption that render: of this column are not slreody ourfelted wltbworld Council diet. I give I few further excerpts from the report issued at the conclu- sion of the Second Assembly. On the subject of relations between Christian: in Communist coun- tries and those in non-Communist countries the report had this to say: "We are called to hold one an- other in special brotherly concern areas all barriers. Thosetof us who live in noni-Communist lands of- firm our Christian unity with these Churches in ecume ' l fel- lowship. we rejoice with them in their Christian witness which they make in their new clrcurristances and seek to understand and of- flrm our fellowship with them in their teinptations sad in their Christian hope; for this witness and these temptations are rele- vent also to our own responsibility."

This seems to assume that mem- bers of Churches in Communist controlled states are clinging to their religious beliefs despite nll efforts of civil authorities to stamp out religion; the assumption. however. is based more on charity than on

evidence. 0 O

Christians in Communist coun- tries were asked to ponder A long list. of questions, included in which were the following: fl) What is the content of Christian witness in the face of aihelslic ideologies? (2) What. are the values niid dang- ers of agreenieiits between Church and State? (3) How far are public statements by the Churches on social qucstloiis effective? (41 How does Christian social responsibility avoid both surrender to Commun- ism and the temptations of n negatlv reslstsncel (5) What is the on tel significance of the ex- istence of the Church on an in- clusive worshipping community, and how does the Church's teaching relate to state education under A Communist regime?

There were questions for Christ.- lains in non-Communist land: so, well, vlz: (1) In what way. if my. dads secularism in non-Communist countries differ from the material- ism in the Communist world? (2) What is the content of Christian witness toward the large mass of acculnrlzed people? (3) What is the responsibility of tho Churches for the cultivation of freedom and community over against the grow- ing pi'es.sure toward social conform- lty?

I I O On the meaning of "Responsible Society” (a sectional heading) there appears this paragraph: "Respon- sible Socicty is not an alternative social and political system, but. a criterion by which we Judge all ex- isting social orders. and at the same time a standard to guide us in the specific choices we have to make. Christians are called to live respon- sibly in any society. even within

the most. unfavourable social structures." Here is In interesting parl-

graph on the role of government in society. It appears to be direct- ed with about equal vigor against those who think the government should exercise full control over community life and those who be- lieve that the doctrine of lslsscz- falre should govern all things. "While the State is sometimes the enemy of freedom, under many circumstances the State is the only instrument which can make free- dom possible for large sectors of the population. The State is not the source of social justice, but it must. be its guardian, ready if nece.-sary to accept responsibility to counteract depression or in- flation and to relieve the impact. of unemployment, industrial in- jury, low wages, and unfavourable woi-kink conditions. liokness and old age. But, in doing so. the State remains the servant,-1iot the lord. of social justice."

Those persons who take the view that dcmoc utlc socialism (the

We .6” :JQma3fG3amec

only the fisherman upon the like in the long vigil of in summer day can know the simple secret of a

iqllfliity of its work and ideal. No other institution has a bcttcr irlaim in be, owned by the Unllcrll

iCIuircl1. i The fact ihni. nlhcr! share In- llhis ownership gives it n more universal appeal that makes it .1 real University. Should not all universities stand on their own fact according to the value of the work done and opportunities of- fered in class room. laboratories and associations generally? The appeal to sectarlanlsm bins for existence is not A worthy one and can nv-vcr provide permanence or intrinsic wnrih.

I am. Sir. cl:-.,

G. R. MCKEAN Wolfvllle. N. 5. -

....?.-...:..C..:....-.

extinguisher: such on the urban

spell which sight. and sound and silence will betray ' only the fisherman can see the

woo

shadowed and glistening. scented. fresh. and cool

Where the sheer rising slopes of rock and pine

Reveal a hidden cove or minnow pool.

Where he may watch in crag-born rill descend

And whiten over fall and pebbled stream

or llatcn to the cry of water bird

Echoing across the tsblelu of I dream.

The angler, drifting; now with fen- ,i.hored oni- Through shadowed inlet, - shim-

dloxide and dry chemical types. (4) Take away theifuel by cloning valves in pipe lines for flammable liquids or combustible zones.

Knowing what. in do and how do it. in important. The time in lflnd out in before the fire.

Minus

merino in the sun

In nearer to the mandated hills above

Then those who you from where the roadway: run.

--Catherine Haydon Jacobs ' in New York Herold-Tribune.

The Pussingl Scene

8: Observe: RESPONSIBLE 500 '1'!

British Y-.7130) is the antithesis. of Oopinliln and that the two con- not "co-exist" in friendly and mu- tually helpful manner will not find any urogemeut for their position in this section entitled "The inadequacy of 19th century categories for understanding 20th century economic l1fo':"

"Disputes obout Copltallsm and Socialism disguise the more im- portant issues in the field of econ- omic and social policy. Each word is applied to many different wo- 131 forms and i system... It in not the case that we have merely a choice between we fly distinguishable types of c - omlc organization. In some coun la: the. 'welfare may or the 'mlxed e- conomy' suggests a. new pattern of economic life; others my be 13- garded as tCapit.allsm', but the capitalism of today in very dif- ferent. from that of even twenty or thirty years ago."

This section ends in a wel1-de- served word for conscientious am- ployerrnnd management who are too often forgotten in today! ouc- ial discussio . "The Churches have been properly critical of mono- polistic practices and of the ef- fects of many irresponsible busi- ness practices in society gener- ally. But. they also need to under- stand and lay streu on the valu- able contribution which the skilled executive has to make to society. irrespective of the form of owner- ship or organization. At its best the business system has provided incentive for the responsible in- itiative and hard work which pro-

embodled the wisdom of decen- tralized decisions and widely dis- tributed power. These are virtues needed in any system".

Old Cirarloileiown

and 11.1.

GOVERNOR'S SALARY

From a despatch from Lord Russell, Secretary of State for the Colonies, Downing Street. Londorb to Lieutenant Governor Sir Chan- lcs A. Fitzroy, 16th November 1840:

"My attention has been called by the Governor General of British North America. to the amount of salary which you receive as Lieu- tenant Governor of Prince Edward Island. and to the necessity of augmenting it. to enable you to de- fray the unavoidable expenses which your official station entails upon you.

"On referring to the records of this Department. I find that the salary of the Lieutenant Governor was .ln the year 1825, raised from 5:800 to 111000 sterling. per annum. At this amount it has remained to the present time - while the great increase which has since taken place in the population' of the Island. must have subiected the head of the local society to I. scale of expenditure far exceeding his official income. and which is likely to be .still further enhanced. by the facilities afforded by steam navigation to persons desirous of settling in the Colony. or passing to other parts of North America. U der these circumstances. I agree wah Lord Sydenham i t an ad- dition ought to be ma e to your salary; and I think that a net. in- come of 512000 sterling, without any fees or travelling, allowance would not be more than is re- quired to maintain the dignity of your office as Representative at the Sovereign.

”As the Imperial Parliament: would not consent to bear any Id- dltional expe so on account. of Prince Edward Island. the neces- sary funds for this purpose can only be obtained from the Colonial Legislature. Considering that the revenue and commerce of the Is- land have greatly increased. and that it is now the only Colony in North America. with the excePtl0" of Bermuda, which does not pay for the expenses of its civil govern- ment. - although Her Maicsiy 5 Government. so far back as 1825. considered that the funds of the Colony were capable of bearlml those charges - I am of opinion that the Legislature may be (air- ly called on to contribute such a sum as. in addition to the P9" liamenlary grant, may enable the Lieutenant Governor to maintain the dignity of his office, without trenching on his private rcsourcr.

"I have accordingly.to convey to you Her Majesty's gracious Pf" t mission to propose to the Colonial Legislature. at its next mesh”!- thnt the sum of M000 stcrlinz. DH anminv should in future be paid from the funds of the Island. it'll wards the support of the Lleutenan Governor. You are at liberty 1" communicate a copy of this dc-V patch to the Council and Assem- bly."

I The Age Old Story

one at life. which is in the mldg-i of the parodies of God. And II" " tho nngul of the church In Smifi": wnio; Then cmnn saith the find and the int. which VII deli. "1

in olive . . .

FREE YOUR HOUSE FROM WORRY .-- Could your family live in their house without your lncpmc to meet the mortgage payments? Mortgage insurance remove: this uncertainty by repayment of the mortgage in full in the event of your death.

Nil

ACTU RERS

msuuucl comnuv, .

1

duce economic Drozreu and has,