hucus'r_ 9. 1941 y

z.-

nrrii; CHARLOTTETOWN GUARDIAN

PAGE THIRTEEN_‘_

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z‘ ' imrti notes (ill liners? ~ coilllzcm ‘VllTll Silver Fox and Mink Farming H, ~- 1 ~ ~ ‘e eee‘ v — ~eo+o++o++¢<

a

sir Patrick Ashley Cooper, Gov- ernor of the Hudson's Bay Com- parry, arrived 1n New York last week aboard the S. S. Queen Eliza- beth. After a brief stay there which included of course a. visit to Lamp- wrr, Fraser & Hutli, Inc" in JVfllCll m i-I. B. C. owns the controlling interest, he will leave for Montreal and finally to Western Canada where he will visit stores and posts. Interviewed. he said there was a continued and steady ile- manti for furs and there will be no catastrophic drop in prices.

"As you know," said Sir Patrirk. "there was a drop in fur prices in October and one around the first at thc year. I believe that while prices may be a little high yet. the demand is strong enough to sup- port prices at. their present lavets."

He said that shipment of furs to the United States was on the in- creasc through their subsidiary. Lhurpson. Fraser 8: Ruth. Inc., but that ihc higgcst upswing Weill in srriprvcilts to England. "Since we ‘ac-a our first auction in 1511,4111 since the war during February, 19-16‘ we have consistently increas- ecl our shipments.

Retail Salon Going Well

Sir Patrick said that sales were dpmg well through their big stores and the smaller outlets whicn he called the “interior chain," ind that the wholesale business was incmasing at a good rate. He rurrk pride in the fact that the Hudson Bay Co. was the oldest company in the world. Pointing out that Z! was founded in 1870. he sad that iLwas charted by King Charles I in that year with the coisln of the king. Prince Rupert. serving as the first governor. He said that the second governor was the Duke of York who afterward -becar~.ie King James II. Another governor was John Churchill. an ancestor >1 Winston Churchill.

He said that the flrm‘s holding". to Canada were now 700.000 acrcs out oi a former 7 million acres. ind that this land had been given to the company in EXCi1B"1,€ for relinquishing its monopoly when Canada became a dominion in 11170. Sir Patrick is the 30th. govcrnll‘ of iiudson Bay Co. and has served l8 years in that post.

The chinchilla breeders a a cer- tainly not lacking in assidult-l and [Oillldellflfl for they have “F-Zlniled i National Chinchilla Breedc. "s1 A:- rociation of Canada with a presi-

derii. vice president. sewelafi’ treasurer. It is really wmderlul rhe way interest ln ciliwhiiia

arcrxllnq has kept lip notwithstand- ing liic fort that tile vhP-"hlilfl hells have not cstrttilishcti fllmsim‘ able price on any markets that we ire air-arc of. We presume it 1S ihfi 7“"‘Ilf‘.<.< he lhc little animals and mp rhmhrrr1r~ story of tlicli- furs llliYllll oncc. brought fahirlrrls prircs As our rcadcrs k110i! their habitat was the high pointS in m‘! Andes in Chili and Peru and thvv were tree dwellers. Trapoflfi made them almost extinct and i‘. WM inly lgv rescuing ll ccrtnln nllmbei’ of more or less true orrclaled 5P9‘ tics and bringing them to the Unit- rd Siatcs whore they were devel- apel on chinchilla farms that they are numerous todny. Now PP°Y“°' tion of chinchilla. ranches is bein! car-led on similar to silver fO-X ran -h promotion in the 19205. F0!‘ instance pt Pontiac. Michigan. a new farm, the Michigan Cllinvlliuil Ranch, Inc.. has incorporated at a rapilallmtion of $150,000 with 1-509 sharcs of common stock issued. The '.\l\_l(‘.L is to raise chinchilla.

$100,000 worth oi fun principally Mouton (processed lamb sklnfil blew up with the freighter Ameri- can Liberty in the harbor 0i B1159» l-‘rrriirc. last week. French mer- chants were the purchasers and it. is understood that there W115 ii market for this new type of imi- ration fur there.

Ed Fromm oi Fromm Bros. Wis- consin. whose farms produce over 10.000 sliver fox and allied Hillel‘ mnualLv, is scratching hi5 hflfld jlisl as much as other iox ranch- lrs crideavoring to find some way out of our present difficulties. namely, the production of silver ill-x pclts at paying prices. Our in- iPl'\'lL‘\V with the Norwegians last wcck elicited the fact that it c055 Promo-Us over $25. to produce ‘I belt and every pelt. sold recently has been at ii very serious low Dne factor- that has injured the American rancher. that is in sell- l"! his lower priced pelts_ was til! i0 Percent fur excise tax. It WM removed recently that is on '0! lurs irsed for trimming 110F110!" hut not on fox furs used for capes. iioics or garments. Here is Whit

r. Homm has to say

Hamburg, Wis, Aug. s - The ‘.10 Ptr cent fur excise tax has been a "tirressing factor on the American ll" market. accordin: to Edward Fromm, president of Fromm Bros. inc, here. He pointed to the July rile oi the New York Auction Co When trimmed goods were 1n heavy iirmand. The strong demand "tr ‘illvher faxes for trim. he contends. t‘ ecause the excise tax no long- ‘nflllllies to these trimmings n

dimly. According to Mr. Fromm.

sive and that silver fox importa- tions have not been highly com- DBl-ilrive- Blll. he Bald. Persian lamb which he said declined so per Cent in raw pelt value and which has been extensively imported due to an unrestricted and‘ free import program. competes strongly with ver fox. I-Ie also noted that every other iur, other than rabbit, com- petes with silvers and that heavy importations of these furs has affected silver fox adversely.

Here is something that is a bit. ellfollflisins in that a large quan- tity of fox pelts were actually sold. As George Callback remarked the other evening when we were taill- ing t0 him, there is no comparison between 1939 and i947. In 1939 there were millions of pelts but there were plenty of buyers, al- though the price was low. The trouble has been in recent months to find sufficient buyers but things 3T9 Perkin! 11D- Here is a report which appeared in Women's Wear Daily a few days ago:

-Except for a few lots, yesterday's sale of silver fox at the New York Auction co. was a sellout. The coi- lertion consisted of 13,803 pelts from the Herbert A. Nieman farms.

A.s expected, and in line with the bis demand for silver fox trimmed cloth coats. the lesser goods show- ed greater strength than the fin- er pelts. ‘Prim goods were reported tc be 1o per cent higher in price than at the auction company's Ieiny sale. while better goods were des- gléllbed as "firm." The top price was

A better than usual attendan~e signified good interest of the trade for this type of goods. Comment was made that Nieman silve: fox irsually are not protected by price limits at auction sales. ’

A new industry has been devel- oped in ’I\veedsda1e_ Cape Colony. South Africa. namely. the manu- facture of "fur" coats from South African sheep skins. Each coat will cost £25 -tabout $120). We pre- sume the process is similar to that for the production of Mouton. which we believe was originally a British invention. In Canada in future no dealer can sell an imita- tion as iur. He is not compelled, we understand, to tell the cl-s- tnmel‘ that it is an imitation but if the customer makes inquiry he mirst tell the type of fur or if it is fur or not.

r

'Arthur W. King of Lutson, Min- nesota. has gone to an immense i1- mount of trouble to produce l practical mink breeding guide so that mink breeders who buy or ise any of the newer types will be in a position to determine what sub- sequent crossings may produze. In a foreword he writes: "To deter- mine what breed production you will get from mink you might now have on hand or mink you ni-gni. buy, it ls necessary to know the animal's ancestry. Otherwise it.is possible. and happens quite often, that when breeding supposedly pure breeds together you get an unexpected stranger in the litter. For example. from a Standard. Dark to a Standard Dark mating you might produce a litter o! re- cessives. Or it could happen that when breeding recossives together you produce a complete strau-il-r. that might or might not be uortli raising to pelt_ and this swaxigzr is probably a double recessive.

"This might be interesting rut the novelty of strange mink has worn off now so that a o=..v mink must be something worrlru-hiis from the fur standpoint even lo sell as breeding stock, and c rtoin- lY to sell as fur. Therefore. though undeniably interesting, the liki- hood of profit is remote, and if. would be wisest to know, weal you are going to produce. and breed 1hr the double racssives and the

costs 1n Canada tote

“N” 10X Production is not exces-

(R. P. rorshaw, assistant professor of animal husbandry. University of Saskatchewan, in The Coun- try Guide.)

There are perhaps as many sep- arate factors to be considered in hog raising as 1n any other branoh oi fanning. While carried on most- ly on the general or mixed farms 111 the Dominion, hog production is a relatively highly specialized busi- ness requirlng the application of many skills ii the project 1s to ba successful. Looked at in one way, hog production consists in reduc- ing to a minimum the many los-ias whidi can and do occur. The ex- tent to which losses influence our profit is not generally ap- preciated, and among the most im- portant losses which may be listed are those due to the following: 1, Sows and gilts failing to breed; 2. low prollflcacy; 3. deaths diir- ing farrowing and nursing; 4. poor growth during the feeding period; 5, disease, and 6, hereditary un- soundness such as ruptures and ridglings.

Rupture of hernia is the protru- sion of part of the intestines or any other organ through an open- ing of the body waif. The opening through which the internal organ passes is called the hernial rlnlz. A hernia is usually named accord- ing to the part of the body in which it is located. There are four types of hernia in swine: 1 and 2. inguinal and scrotal which are closely related, in which the " in- testine descends down the inguinal canal; 3, ventral in which the hcr- nial ring is located in the lower part oi the abdomen: and 4, um- bilical or navel. in which the um- bllical or navel opening ls hernial ring. Aside from being a condition which should not be per- petuated in our breeding stock. rup- iur-ed pigs in a herd present a problem at the time of castration. special techniques are necessary to perform the operation properly. In many cases herniated pigs are de- stroyed when young. resulting 1n a definite loss. Others are allowed to go unbastrated on the herniated

dominant recessive combinations you want, knowing beforehand ‘the cost of perfecting a new breed.’

in Mr. Kings list of breeds we notice Royal Pastel; Aleimfm Blue; imperial Platinum —- M° called Silverblm-sllverblu also called Platinum hhn sllverblu Pla- tlnum;—Go1den Cross-also called Green-Eyed Pastel. JOB“ Piisiel] Golden Sable. Green-Eyed 51h“- Arctlc Snow White-also called Snow White. Royal white. Arctic and Winter White; steelhlu -also called Gunmetal: ReflfFiive 31"‘ frost—also called Blufrost‘ Wlckctt Blufrost. The a-bove are Recessivcs. In the Dominant types ivc flnd Blufrost; Royal Kohinur; Koliln- rrr; Ebonyblu; Blackout; Orchid From Dominant-Recessivc Blend? we have Breath of spring Pastel: Breath of Spring Sllverhlu; Kirc- tic Blu; Platinum Blu; Pastel Ko- hinur; Blucross.

The above are .l\15i_- 8 few 5Y9“ which also carry quite a number of other appellations and the full |15¢ o! r111 types and combinations reach in the hundreds. Anffme ‘Wm is going into mink breeding exten- s'vely or with a view t0 Drodllflnii

this latest information and _ _ Qughly familiarize themselves with the breeding strains and combina- tions. Mlnk breeding ls destined for a great future biit it is an on‘ cupation that demands a great dca. o! intelligence. a lot of stud .". "rill considerable capital. eoulllmel" and training in the breeding of mini: or the hiring oi’ someone who un- derstands them. They are SllblFft. we believe. to more dis-eases, par- ticularly dietary troubles. than foxes but if one understands the right method of feeding and cur- ln; for. there is succzss awaiting

With lest year's fyrest fire damage and firefighting

ling $2,722,652 and more than a million acres of forest rulncrl by fire. the various pro- vincial Lands and Forestry Departments are doing ev- erythmg in their power this vear to eliminate such waste and destruction during the danger months of July. Aug- ust and September, when dry woodlands and heavy winds create serious fire threats. Moat fires are caused by

that Dllfill.

thi-

liigh quality new W965 Shiwlcldffi’ i ‘ v-rmillrefi or crv-‘fomhifi Ma's ln the

Ruptures E's’ Ridglings In Hogs ‘

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i l l r l l

fire is built. when possible. use dry pins. and doesn't throw off sparks. 'Don’t use dry hemlock. cedar or balsam

side and may be lost by strangula- tion of the bowel 0r are degraded on being marketed.

Loss From Ridgllngl

A cryptorchid or ridgling is a male hog in which one or both of the testicles fall to descend from the body cavity into the scrotum. Ir‘ castration the descended testicle is removed and the other one re- mains in the body proper. These are found when the pig is slaugh- tered and result in the pig being graded as ridgllng. Many of these are later condemned on account of sexual odor. The differential in price per hundred weight var-ed slightly with the market, hilt the paying price for rldgllngs is al- ways below the price for B1 hogs. Assuming an average of l-3A and 2-3 B1, the loss per pi: is approxb‘ matcly $9 per rldgllnr: hog market- ed, taking into consideration the‘ loss in market value plus the loss.- of the bonus paid only on A and B1 hogs. When calculated on the basis of total hogs marketed the losses taken by farmers each year amount to a very large sum‘ oi money. Based on 1245 niarkc. .l'1__f5 the vfliflliiltiflliS shown in the ac- companying table may bemfldfi?

Numbers and Percentages of

Rlilizllngs. 1945

Total Ridglings

Marketed 1W- '70

B_ c. 34.522 254 .13 Alberta. . 1.245.710 10.582 5'!‘ 535k, 800.390 8.02s .90 . M811. ..... .. 453.423 3.329 313 .

Ontario 1.142.844 11.542 .66

Quebec 510.9411 2.192 .42

N_ 11 21.901 no .41 N, s_ 12,582 ' 60 .48 . P. E. 1. 58.135 34a .59; Canada . 5.591.573 36.460 £5‘

The losses incurred in i945 _by the prcseiiceof cryptorchid or ridzillng. pigs is of the following order for- the rive largest hog l1u>=lu<'1n'-1 provinces Cntario. $100,000; Alber- ta. $95000; Saskatchewan, $72,000. Manitoba. saooco: Quebec, $191100- I

While a great deal remains to‘ be done on the mode of inheritance I of bot-h oi those defects. the tern; dent-y toward them sccms to be‘ inherited. The factors responsible‘ for them are no doubt what are. termed reressives. For that reason the factor may be introduced into n herd unslispcctlnzly and not brought to light until after it has become widespread. Until more is. learned of the nature of the in-‘ heritance of both of these defects; at which time animal scientists will l bc able to be of more assistance. to the commercial breeder. the swine breeder‘ will h-'\\'0 if! 59119113» upon riizoroirs sclectlon in order to keep the incidciice of both un-_ soiindncsscs at a 10W i9\'91- ‘

Coniinucd sclcction from herds‘ and strains nrovcn to be as frees as possible. slioirlrl rcdui-e the per- wmqqp Qgpryrypflrfl of both rup- tured and ridrlin? Vi" "N" i‘ period of time. Neither boars nor izllis from litters with ell-her 0i these unyHIndHEFSES should be sav- ed as hrcczlinz stock. Large hrccd- ers should perhaps consider the practicability hr marine a uumhf" or half-brothers and half-sisters from their bcrvl boars. a5 h i951- By this means ihcv will be able i0 "aln additional information to act as a gill“ in their hrccdlni! "I0- orarns. Thc fll‘f“.‘.‘i‘011f‘fl of clthcr

nfysnrmz y-rom u...“ matings would gnaw", flint ill‘? siro should n0! he used further. whlic frccfluui fray-q gar-sh r-onrlllloiis in the off- =nrln~ ivoiilrl in"l'~aie that his "011- iiiiilcd use would be lilstlflod. Ccr- ,,_n ..,-....--.~¢_.1\~p breeders are fliid- ‘n11 ihflf hy ri~orovs S!“C"i.lf"1 zl- "alnst ihc condidon. (‘Ollfiflfi ivlth H", "S, M 5| e vrcin". free

tllc"

fr-cm ihcsc 1' 35 havfl been ahlc to r cc t‘.\“il' losses to a point. m'l"‘.l below the

avcrare for their district and thtil‘ rmovince.

w» . e

carelessness by camp fire enthusiasts and in the above pictures two experienced guides are seen applying some of the do‘s and don'ts in making a camp fire.

(ll-A good open spot near waiei should be select- ed, thoroughly clearcd of orush and soaked well before Make a circle of rocks for the fire bed and, 1i. splits easily into kindling

i

NOTES ON COUCH GRASS

Th“ SW88 is known by many 11511165 in Britain: “Scutch " "TWiLCh" 0r “Qujtdy-grags" and {n the North. “Whickens" or "Qulgk- 6115-" All derivatives from the’ Anglo-Saxon word “c1vic," mean-l ins “quick" (as opposed to dead; for vitality ls the plants prOmin- ent characteristic. "Couch" the "5""? by uahich it is now known, is ‘ a mefllllnglcss refinement of the previous names.

TePhYliPHIIY. the creeping stem 01' m‘? sfuillh-Qrass is a “sobolc." It W58 fluite common, in Northum_ bsrlaud. to find the end of tlie sobole ilcveloped into a sort or corn. about the size of a pea. I do not recollect seeing such a growth here.

In some places it was

called

."D0’;-S!rass" because dogs at timcs . craved it to clicw. no doubt as a

remedy for some canine c1153.”..- fort.

Nickell, in his “Botanical Readv‘ Reference" states/that the root (stock or sobole) is diuretic and apercent: and is useful in Dropsy.‘ In the rustic medicine of Ion: n10 all infirsion of the soholcs ivas said to be useful for the simpler kidney and bladder troubles. gout. and rheumatism. 1n addition it‘ came to be used for nephritis and cystitis. r

There was an old bclicf that this gross “burnt tho fields" and its vigorous. exhaustion rrowlhi gave reason for the saying. Its‘

modern scientific name of Azropy-T

in the wheat-fields, while the hot- r zlnist Linnaeus thought the plant‘, itself was a wild wheat and so. gave it the name Trltlcum, now disused.

Couch-grass may have other pro- pertles not yet recognized. I used‘ some soil. composed mostly of tlie. rotted soboles, for growing a spe- ‘. cies of sedumis. reflexuml and tlie ‘ result was striking. The Scdum be- came hyperthrophiezl the stoni and leaves being abnormally larse and swollen. This lasted the season. hut ‘ the following year tlic no ' and leaves were normal a . dcntly tlicre is matter for research I in this connection.

Youth and (‘rlnie

There is in London. Ens" a group czilidd the South Place Ethical Society. The members pub- lisli the "Monthly Record," ivhosc findings should be widely read. and whose article on "youth and crime“ by Prof. G. W. Keaton. dcsc. ‘cs particular attention. Herc is a con- densation, with intcrpolotcd rc- marks.

Though the kindness of a friend I frequently have the opportunity

to read an English iicwspruwcr . which boasts that it caters for scvcll million renders. Its col-

umns register an appalling amount of crime. and worse still. much of it is juvenile crime. It is also evi-

dent. that lt is not just a tcmnnr- ‘

ary wave 0f lawicssncss, hut. is a far more dccplyi-rootcd dlsordcr Moreover. even a casual survcl shows that the juvenile crimimlit 1 is no longer confined to a single section of the communltv. hilt has spread through the entire British social system.

At the headlining of the nine- teenth century, a young chili i" a very trivial crime. might he “tranw-cried". or at least impris- oncd with the most vicious crim- inals. In the middle of thc ccn-

- News? ivorEs -

l r-eformatories,

. lrccii

And towards the end of the nmeieemh Century Juvenile crime did diminish! There was a general improvement in the standard of

llivmg. 1n police technique, and m

methods of Punishment. Victorian molaiily was very strict; and ele. menial’? education spread to wid- l“ Classes‘ Rm‘ “m! 1100i" believed ll‘ Corporal punishment, and the tendency was for the parent; 5Q plllilSh the child.

So, for over a century humani. iarlrrn legislation has been dealing with this question and the great. "Children's Acts" of 1908. and 1953, are monuments to its progress. To. day. no one under l9 years of age

icul be executed, no one under 14

can be sent to prison; experiments ill rcclariizitron are widespread, and approved schools, and the probation scheme, have "99" 59¢ Hi1. Juvenile court pro- ceedings are conducted in priv'g,cv_