i-Aoaroiua THE GUARDIAN

Authorised as Boooiad ciuu mu Poof Uflloo , Department. Ottawa. The Island uuuilian Publilbinl Co.

President and Associate Editor, In A Burnett. Alooointo Editor. Funk Wllher.

CIRCULATION "Coven Prince Edward Island like the dew"

f'TIio Strongest Memory is Wcokci Than the Weakest Ink".

CKARIDTTETOWN. THURSDAY, MARCII 5. 1953

Footnote To History

A little known episode in history is re--

called by the National Geographic Society in a recent bulletin. Back in 1859, the native king of the Fiji Islands, Thakombau, found himself-like the Britain of today- greatly iii need of United States dollars. He required 43,000 of them, to be exact, in order to settle a bill of damages which the United States had presented for the ac- cidental burning of its consulate. .

Thakombau offered to cede his islands to Britain, for nothing, if Britain would pay the bill. But Britain was not at all in- terested. The king then made the same offer to the United States in settlement of the bill. But by this time the. Civil War was in progress and Congress did not even bother to acknowledge .his letter.

In desperation, he tried to interest Aus- tralia and then Germany but with the same result. Finally, however, Britain accepted the islands in 1874 and has held them ever since. It is not made clear whether Britain got the islands for nothing or whether she had to absorb the M3000 indebtedness. But even if she did have to lay out this sum she has seen the investment returned a thou- sandfold. The Fijis are heavy producers .of cop,-3, sugar and gold, exporting about 5.20 millions worth of these each year. The is- lands that nobody wanted 90 years 330 have become some of Britain's best colonial dollar earners.

Taxes Too iiigii

Taxes should be cut to a point where personal and corporate efficiency can again be stimulated, it is urged in a submission of the Canadian Chamber of Commerce. The national federation of the Boards of Trade and Chambers of Commerce has prepared a careful commentary on the weak points in Canadian Income Tax and Succession Duty Acts.

There is no special pleading i'or par- ticular interests but various points are raised by the Chamber in which there ap- pears to be injustice or where the general intent of the taxing statutes is not given effect to. '

The particular point, however, is that the rates of taxation are excessive either for bringing in maximum revenue or for the encouragement of industrial develop- merit.

Miracle Taken For Granted

The progress which President Truman noted in his State of the Union address and later in his economic message, says the London Economist, will be observed with very considerable respect in other capitals. It has been passed over in Washington al- most as though the President and Mr. Wil- son (chief mobilizer) were dispensing bro- mides and platitudes. But no such error of emphasis is -likely to be made in Moscow. The President told Congress:

”During this past year we added more than 1 million men and women to our arm- jcd forces. The total is now nearly 3,500,- 000. We have made rapid progress in the field of atomic weapons. We have turned .out 516 billion worth of military supplies and equipmefit, three times as much as the year before. . . .

. "We are now in the second year of ii three-year programme which will double

"our output of aluminum, increase our elec- trlc power supply by 40 per .cent. and in- crease our steel-making capacity by 15 per

icent." - The days when the United States could ,enter a period of international danger with 150,000 men in its armed forces are so far away now as to have been forgotten. No- body now considers it remarkable that the United States should be spending, as Mr. iwilson notes. more than 31.5 billion a year on 119 development of atomic energy. There Iis a tendency to yawn over the revelation ?that deliveries of military supplies and con- '-struction have now reached a rate of 52 Ibiliion a month. Production of aircraft, mun, artillery. and so on is already five times what it was during the first three months-of,the, Korean war; but that is to- koti for lflilttd. 1004 - ' has been, either in U. S. or IIWMIIII "Ike on earth, such.an increase m7 V in electric power capacity. I i has added 8 million in- ,..to.its production since the I The planned peak of ayoshzh duo in 1954.

........---- - Iss-

rm; GUARDIAN.

In 1950 about 57 billion was put into the building of industrial plant in the Un- ited States. Last year the total rose to 311 billion. As the chart shows. over a third of the new facilities qualified for tax concessions. Completed factory construc- tion last year was 90 per cent higher than it had been in 1950.

The aircraft industry, by no means a dwarf before all the trouble began, expand- ed by 67 per cent last year, increasing its payroll in the process from 239,000 in No- vember, 1950, to more than 400,000. Em- ployment in ordnance plants, which' was 24,000 before the Korean war began, is now about 60,000.

Mr. Truman suggested that the way in which the basic capacity of the United States to produce has increased is "per- haps thc most amazing thing about our economic progress." The word amazing, comments The Economist, should no doubt be used carefully and infrequently, but the President seems to be well entitled to em- ploy it here even though almost nobody in America shows much outward sign of amazement atgwhat is going on.

EDI IORIAL NOI ES

The worry over Tuesdays anticipated storm was wasted. O

The hardest worked individuals at pre-

sent are those manning the snow ploughs. I O O

O O

, Island draggers are now to scout fort Rose Fish or sea perch to sell across thcl

border.

0 O C

The cost of living as a whole in Januaryi I

dropped seven-tenths of a point, but farm products dropped 13.5. D O

0 5 This year CBC will pay out from ourI taxes more than h2,000,000 in radio artisls'

fees for advertisers.

I Governments take 31 out of every 347 Espcnt by store customers. They, not store Jowners, are the profiteers. O O O I In U. S. A., says Rev. Dr. Charles H. Schmitz of New York, three times as many homes have radios as have bathtubs. This could not possibly be the case here. 0 O O

, The 'Tourist Bureau is "going places" these days, or at least its publicity matter is. According to our Ottawa correspond- ent the present issuc of the Federal book- let does ample justice to our attractions as

a holiday resort.

Kenaf fiber may largely supplant jute in burlap and cordage according to a report from New Guinea. It is claimed to be more resistant to mold than jute, lighter in color and to take a more distinct brand than

commonly used sacks. O O

I

Fluoridation of the water supply has been approved by,the American Dental As- sociation. Its secretary testified to Con- gress that, "There is more scientific ev- idence available to substantiate the safety of adding controlled amounts of fluorides to water than there is for the addition of any chemical to a food or food product."

0 O O

In Summerside they celebrated- Educa- tion Week by an exhibition to show what the children can do in the way of helping themselves. This included a model of what the youngsters would like in the shape of a high school gymnasium and civic aud- itorium. It looks from this though as if the long-discussed Provincial Museum will land in Prince County instead of Queens. Initiative is more than half the battle.

I O 0

John Edward'Redmond, Irish statesman and leader of the Irish Nationalist Party, died this date 1918. He was Irish parlia- mentary whlp at the time of the split in the Nationalist Party in 1891 and became leader of the Parnelllte minority. Later he was chairman of the United Party. On the outbreak of war he supported the British Government but the Slnn Fein had be- come the popular party and Rodmond's prestige declined. .

O O

Ex-Mayor Hiram McCallum of Toronto, defeated at last election, has been made as- sistant general manager of the Canadian National Exhibition at a salary of 310,000. Mayor -Lamport, who defeated Mr. McCal- luqi, says the salary was set without au- thority from the directors or executives of the exhibition. Mayor Lamport said no sal- ary figure was set at that time. He is it vigorous opponent of the appointment.

- O O 0

The first major revision of the Criminal Code since 1892 is now before Parliament. The piecemeal amendments which the Code has undergone in the interval have result-

out form but certainly not lacking in bulk. It is expected that ivevisioni will mean it

9 I n

ed in its becoming ii monstrous thing; with- when

reaucuonoraomeioosectionswiitiacor-' ,, respondirigiy great improvement in consist-. mm to

PUBLIC FURUM

This column is open to the discussion by wiresponiienis of queslims of interest. The Gunrdiiui does not - fly endo the opinion of correspondents.

I

FARM MARKETIN G PROBLEMS

I Sir.--We have 9. Farm Forum

group which meets every Monday night to listen to the nationai' broadcast and to discuss many things which affect farmers and others in our community. MuchI of our discussion this winter cen- tered around the efforts of farm-, era. and primary producers gen-, erally, to obtain some measure of! control over the marketing of their products. a stop which moi'cI and more fzirmcrs appear i.ocoii- slder ii. necessity. I The topic of one of our recent broadcasts was: "What sets Fermi Prices?” Part. of this broadcast was virtually a debate between those who believed in what they called the free mid open system of marketing and those who stood for some form of producer control in niarkctliig. As a result of our, discussion on liiis subject, and illI view of the decision handed downI by the supreme Court of Prince Edward Island as to the status ofI the Potato Marketing Board. our members thouglit that B few com-, ments might. be upproprlate. ,

We are continually puzzled at the number and variety of the, obstacles and obstructions that” are found to be in the way of primary producers who have been and are attemptiiig to overcome: the defects of a system that has' kept them chained for years. Or- gimlzatloiinlly we are weak: re-I ollzing this, certain forces in OUl'l midst have been capitalizing on these weaknesses, and using them plainly and boldly to their own' advantage. That. is one reasoni why we must work hard long hours in order merely to sui-vlvc.I That is one reason why we must sometimes sell products below the cost of production. That is basic- ally the reason that the business of farming and fishing is subject to so much uncertainty and in- security. As a result of this situ- ation our best farmeis and others interested have been trying for years to build organizations and facilities that would- place them in a better bargaining position to insist on their just rights, and to enable them to play 8 greater part. in making decisions that vit- ally affect their lives as farmers. Now for the moment it appears that we are stalled again. How- ever, we believe that farmers will be more. determined than ever to exercise the control that can gradually lend to a greater meas- ure of security and stability in all farming operations.

We need not talk about going back to the land unless this is done. We point. with concern to

Conversation

CHARLOTTETOWN

- Opener

-

E DGOTOODOOTC Old Charlottetown (And i-. E. i. )

I P, l'R0l'!'.'RTllCS SOL!)

I "Four building lots, being part rot Town Lot 10, in Third Hun- Idrerl. were sold ut iiiirtlon on Sat- Iurdiiy by VVni. Dodd, Esq. The iii0l.lSf' imil lot on the corner of lliochlord unii Grafton Streets were purchased by Mr. Chris. Dalzicl for

L - 2...

FROM ALTARS Ye barren peaks, so mightily out.- lined In naked rock against the view-

less sky. the sum of 5670. Two lots on V0"? 71128901 izrandfur mocks my Rochford Street were bought by hum" Pridm Mr. w. ii. i-"mm for was and

And rouscs ll to pnssinnafe reply. .5350 cm-ii, Ye scam the foc-t that treads your lrr-rngiining pathless ways. for 5440."

He iilso purrhiiscd the lot on Grafton Street

Yet

The role: that breaks your primal - Tho Ex,-unincr, June 3, 1878.

e'en the eye that views your . ,,g.

serried heights, pl”? "iG”b"'s ” "

interludcs. lag

know that when your music-I? " I'

Have. buried you bcnealh the cou- 1,4, um wmm. g.,.-mg, M, W”, ' quermz 3”" the unrlghtt-nus man his

solltudes, . Yen. The car that hears your canyon "mm"? bwaki Hoar-cog-ea-sun-to-an-so-&-oo-I A mid "d "II"-4'95 hm” M 550"” W"-N-flioughfs: and let him ri-turn unto

"my m"d- , iihr Lorri. and he will iiiivn mercy The inzvmost summit with ill(' level lnpon mm; mm in our God, for he 3- ' , lu-ill iiiiiiiidnntly piirdoii. ..For my This car shall hear the dcatlilrssjhoiiglits nrn not. your thoughts. 5I"K 0'1-lit ill'lNl('l' are your ways my ways. This eye shall see beyond the Oiiir ml.-.h the lord. For In the heav- "l05i Skiff. ens are higher than the earth. so This voice shall sing soul-music. are my wiiys higher than your and lhis rcot. ways, mid my thoughts than your Shall trend the lore-lll paths oftfhmighis. Paradise. I Should I. then, born immortal, how I to you. ' , ed by many others of good-will. Who are but transient mounds of It I3 B” 900 (?VId""- "13" ""1953 ehrthy clodrw farmers discuss these important 0 slcrious heights! A I kneel in issues, clarify and make known humble awe their ophilonsix and tdccigg ontkthr.-1 Tu. worshl n L , . necessary ac on o en, God,” I he '"”5 ”I my either through Study Clubs, Fann

Forums, or the Federation of Ag- riculture, then we will always be told "it. can't be done", or "you can't interfere with this or that." Let's take off our costs and fight for what. is sound and reasonable and for what is ours in Justice. We are. Sir, ietc.,

MORBLL FARM FORUM GROUP per Wilfred Drlscoll, Secretary.

-Bernard Freeman Trotter.

interests we can expect will be served first under this arrange- ment. There are other factors in- volved, but at one of our meeting; :Vi;l;.toplc was summed up in this "One of the keys to the solution of the i-oblems facing agriculture is to be found here: the economic functions of producing and mark. eting are closely foisted; some means must. be found whereby the producer will have more authority in and control over the disposal of his products as well as over their production. In this way the 2008-1:53: bi:nt.eres'i.: of farmers an r - more incen"v:ew,'o,' ?,1:;r.,x1cI,l.n:: it the hard way in the Navy. They mrmc, to openwe more emdemj did not say to me "Nothing doing" iy; in short. it Wm be 3 map ,0, when I joined up in '39. After it wards pining in-min; in ii. true was over I got a job at construc- light”. itlon work. but it didn't. last long

We believe that if the properl I 500 EVCTY D1011-ih HWY IIHVO 1! authorities wish to continue to get-vosether for all the D- P-'I ti take into account the wishes of a the Legion. I wonder if the offic- vast. majority of producers, not. iilis of the Employment office only of this Province, but all o- would have one for all the un- cross Canada. then the proper employed. The Drill Shed would legislation will be forthcoming to not hold them.

EIIIPIJOYMI-INT PROBLEM

Sir,-How is it that when I tried for in job at the Employment Office it was always "Nothing yet"? I also tried another place. and it was the same. You have got to be married. or A fitter, or else a tradesmen. As for as practical work is concerned. I sure learned

the many. many abandoned farms in our own county of King's. This unhealthy condition affects stores and every other business in our communities, since practically ev- ery enterprlse in the Province de- pends on in reasonably. stable ag- riculture and A sound fishery in- dustry. .

The number of people in Xingu County is 2.000 less than it was in 1941. More and more young people are refusing to consider farming as their vocation. Indeed when we survey the conditions and prospects of the basic indus- tries of farming and no .we cannot but belleya that some ng very fundamental in wrong. We bring to mind all the measures that have been proposed and tried in the put with little or no luc- cesii, and we ask the question: are we-not mining the point al- together.

For instance. many of the major decisions affecting fanning or: mode by persons or groups o persons who are not directly de- pendent on forming at all no I moons of livelihood. On the one hand can of operation are rather

ponies, feed and fertulur plants, etc. Another well organized group decided on the amount and null- nbiiity of credit for forming

needs. on the other hand we are told pretty much what we will get we place our product: on the iioorket-quite often prices on below ooou of production. who tho work is-done and the expend: modoywo find that we III

ency ondciorlty. it W.

rigidly controlled by-machine oom- marks

"mm? '45 '0 I-035 "115 GNP with Their report for the month said W'”1"iY- there was less employment. now 5" 9"” 1”" mew"? We 5150loh yes? The reason is that for

Iculturists. They kept large flocks

(By Stewart. Angus

dowed them liberally with The munifloence of David Scotland was, a successor in a famous phi-nae. Plety prompted his handsome gifts, and a natural desire, as charters reoord.t.o-ensure the wool of the souls of the founder, his

bonefnctions. The colonies of monks whom he

ing agents, and on their wide estates they practised farming with skill and success hitherto unknown in this country. An ex- cellent account. of their achieve-

Scottioh Farming (Nelson, dd.) by T. Bedford Franklin.

Gangs of Serf:

The monks themselves, contrary to the popular notion, probably did little, manual labour. Th , granges or forms into which their estates were divided were worked by lay brothers in charge of gangs of bondmen or serfs. Marshes were drained and brought; into cultivation. and monastic farms were much better managed and more productive than those in the hands of lay lords.

The monks, of course, had an advantage in that they held their lands on more favourable terms than laymen; they were free from the burdens of military service. still, enlightened ideas on hus- bandry explaln the prosperity of the great monasteries. especially those of the Cbtcrcians. who were renowned for their skill as agri-

of sheep, and exported consider- able quantities of wool, their pro- fits being increased, as a rule, by the remission of Customs dues. Later the monks abandoned forming. let. all their estates to tenants, and influenced agricul- tural practice only as landlords. This change. Mr. Franklin con- jectures, was a consequence of the Black Death, which made it. difficult. for the monasteries to recruit lay brothers.

As landlords the monks lind ii good record, too. Their tenoiits had more security than those on lay estates. and probably enjoyed a higher standard of living.

More than half of Mr. Frank- lin's book deals with monuticl farming. on which he has written. a prize essay. There is little about medieval agriculture outside the monastic estates, although, ad-I

in The Scotsman) ,

King: and nobles in the Mil:-iii. mitt-edly Ages founded. monasteries and en-

onoeiitors and descendants. But.' there was policy also in Dnvld's'

brought to Scotland were civllis-I

ments is given in A Ilixtory of which, 12s, less-favoured regions,

MARCH 0. 195;

From The Monastic To The Modern Farming

there is n Iillliiliggg, , 'l

From the days of the decline 0;

land. the monasteries tn -1 I of long leap forward car” In mm 3 in fact. lamented by!

the any-jcui turnl lmpi-overs f th ” ' century. The -initIoauclioiI8I;I”"'” crops and artificial mm

enclosure of fields, 3,. pllgmu" of shelter belts, the improvemgm

of the soil by dralno c A

lns..the appearance 3;. f'IfIg,f,'3: more efficient plough. the lllvel tion of machines for wiiiiiowim m"”mnU- and mailing corn iii"; granting of long leases-all, "

innovations which - 1 mu” Scottish forming

somewhat summarily. Yet Mr. Franklin giv