GAS OE eae Pos

~~. By Mai

‘ .

>‘ for the Conservative Federal Gov-

_thought.

., been taken has been far to limited and much too late’.

here: Plans for winter employment

have time to ‘make. the necessary.

Neide empjoyment for relatively >few

a. Federal Aid

’ This

the usual’ yearly low point reached

ployment he did not..explain; but

municipalities

ed for. that; will sthe program.

Rov ernment,

She Guardian Sean

“Gaege Prince: Edward tslase Like the Dew at 165 Prince Street

: 1a30 West Georgia St.. Vancouver

“By Carrie: Cnarlottetown, Summerside 3c per ween elsewhere in P.E.i $9.00 per annum. Other en ae oe 00 per annum -

“The strongest memory 3s weaker than lic yree the weakest ink.”

“

Seer

Premier Duplessis of Quebec has ’ apparently lost much of his regard

ernment. He intimated as much in a recent address before the ,2ggg incial ‘Legislature. And, cvidenteRe all because of the. Gdvernment’s action in continuing aid to universities. seemingly, ia the one thing that Mr. Duplessis caynot forgive in any Federa]_ Government, whether it be Liberal or Conservative. “We. will never accept federal subsidies for education,” he told the Legislature. “The Government of Quebec will never sell its rights or anything else.”

Well, if Mr. Duplessis thinks that federal aid to education is an in- fringement. on _. Provin¢ial rights, that’s his privilege; and ithe people of Quebec agree with him, that’s their privilege. It is to be hoped, however, that Federal authorities will not seize upon Mr. Duplessis’ attitude in this matter as an excuse for denying the rest of Canada the: undoubted benefits of federal aid to education, and not -only to universities but to schools on all levels.

‘The Printe Minister has intimat- ed that something along this line will be introduced, perhaps at the forthcoming session of Parliament. The sooner it is done, the better it will be for Canadian education in general. There is no more reason why federal aid to education should be : an infringement on Prov,yncial “rights” than aid to the Provinces in the Hospital. Insurance Plan or in any other field should be so regard- ed. Mr. -Duplessis is entitled to his whims, as long asthe people of Que- bec want to put up with them. But they should not be permitted to keep the other Provinces from im- proving the quality of their schools.

Unemployment Situation

Labor Minister Starr and Pre-~ sident. Jodoin of the Canadian Labor Congress are at odds over the unentployment Situation. Mr. Starr believes that unemployment this winter will be less than that of last winter. In support of this con-

tention, he has this to say; “Our registrations for jobs at the Na- tional _ Employment... Service have

tapered down from the Springtime, high> While they ‘increased from »

jn. early fall, they now are at ap- proximately the same level as last year”. Just how he can see in that picture an indication of rising em-

certainly\ many

i people will find ‘it difficult

to follow his line of Mr. Jodoin sees the picture in a different light. In his opinion;-it-is | no better than that of last year and is likely to worsen as the win- ter progresses. He blames the Fed eral Govern “for »most of ae Has

iment trouble: “The actions which’

~ We think that Mr. Jodoin, al- though he may bea little too criti: - cal of the Government, has. a point

ought to, be considered late in the summer or very: early in ‘the fall. so that all lévels of Government, employers and labor unions might

adjustments ‘before winter: acutally sets in. The plan by which, the * Federal Government offered to aid . in. winter’ ‘projects was valuable ‘as far as it went; but -- at best it could be expected to pro- |

workers. , This winter, so far, has-- been: a particularly difficult of | for this kind of project.- The Gor.

ernment, of course, cannot be bl: but it is a factor that ‘the’ effectiveness of

.

tas

reduce.

' Hf-it-is-a fact that the Federal”. in ooperation. with ?®rovihcial and Municipal author’ flee, has.done all it can .do in this

_ This will become a necessity,

—~q

. fect it will have on Canadian trade

ly Next"y: ar. The’ Hon. Dr. F.W. Rawe, =

sian note was not_meant -to be an ul-

give the Russians a chance to ‘back.

‘than ever to have their way. Mr. Ni

problem, . which: is more serious : i j

fellow. . °.

wage ets ean) cere el

( . ‘ ‘

Mr. Starr is ready to admit and perhaps not quite as serious as MR Jodoin views it, something will have to be done to strengthen and extend unemployment _ benefits. no matter to what degree it’ may in- crease the Fedéral deficit. Winter - has only just begun. ‘Assuming that

spring weather

comes’ no ear'iier than tusual—and —— an 3

able’ assumption—it will be another four or five —— before what .is

severity. Long! ‘before - aa a eniak many unemployed workers, perh&ps . ‘the majority of them, will have used their accumulated stamps. a

Deficit financing on a large scale, under any circumstafices, i not a pleasant thing for any gov-— ernment to cor not too high’/a the social and economic disarray that inevitably follows long periods

of industrial slackness. ‘

An Economic Weapon

Both Prime Mirister Diefenbaker and Finance Minister Fleming . are taking some of the credit for Bri- tain’s partial “convertibility” of the pond. They claim that the action ‘was the direct result of representa- - tions made by Canada at last fall's Commonwealth Economic Conferenc in Montreal. _ '

Perhaps these representations did, have some little influence on the lat- est development in Britain's econom- ic policy. To some extent, therefore, Mr. Diefenbaker and Mr. Fleming can be said to have had a hand in it. ~ Reports from Lindon, however, indi- cate clearly that it was by no means a dominating influence. seems aimed more directly at Europ- ean trade than’ at British-Canadian trade or even world trade in generaf.

The fact is that,at the moment Britain is éngaged in controversy with the Common Market countries, especially France and West Germany, over problems arising from Common

nplafe; but itis, i ce ta pay to avoid- :

The action. |

°° a

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to! ¢ 9 eo: ° e

teeta!

®.

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°

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Bie >

"OUR OWN ABCMINABLE SNOWMAN

e ‘oe?

AFTER 400 YEARS

Twentieth Century has a tendency, to believe that all knowlet ge began with it. The very belief is a confession of ig- norance. We do know, to be sure, a great deal more than former generation about physical’ na- ture,-as a result of the vast ad- vances of science. But when we consider humah nature, our boasts grow hollow. History is a great corrective of complacency.

This is especially true in the history of education. We often think that with the addition of

Market tariff policy. Evidently, British have decided to do every-

thing possible to hold their continen-. :

tal trade, despite the inroads of the Common Market. Limited convertibil- ity of the pound is one of the means to be employed in this campaign.

- The hope in Britain is that this action will induce the six nations to expand their economic preferences into a free trade formula covering all West European countries, includ- ing Britain. In other words, conver- tibility is a device to strengthen Bri- tish trade in West. Europe. The. ef-

with Britain© may be valuable; it probably will be. But we may be sure that it-is incidental to the main pur- pose. ~

EDITORIAL NOTES

France has_certainly taken strict measures to halt inflation. But, then, France is under a virtually one-man ‘government which does not have to fear political pastion to angpapalar

moves. 4

The French franc has been de- valued by governmental decree. Our dollar has been devalued, just as drastically, by inflation, though tech- nically it is- perhaps the strongest

currency in circulation.

* * s

There should be no great short- age of teachers in Newfoundland, Minister of Education, visited. - Bri- tain last summer and. talked about the need for more teachers. As a re- . sult he has had _ inquiries from 100 teachers who are interested in com-

‘ing to the Province.

° *. *

Two prominent ‘Newfoundlanders were knighted shortly before the 1s- land went into union\ with Canada: One was Sir Leonard’ Outerbridge.

the |

$

|

second Lieutenant Governor of ‘the

“new Province: The other was Sir. Al-

bert Walsh, late Chief Justice. He held the office of the Lieutenant- Governor for afew months after Con-

federation. "

‘k 8 * *

' A Washington report says that the Western Powers, in their réplies \to the Soviet note coneerriing the-fu- ) ture of -West Berlin, will take the at- titude that “they are sure the Rus-

timatum”. .This; it is thought,. wil down gracefully from their demands. It may. On the other hand, of course,

it may make them, more ie

kita .Khrushchev is ane iaelslintabie

» >

ee

é bein

> a

psychology, and the refinement of teaching methods. we are far ahead of the past. But white, they did not use those words, some an- cient observers were strikingly |

Montaigne On Education

J. Bascom St. John in the Toronto Globe and Mail

civilization | every

astute.in their understanding of |

a child's mind. It is true there were many as-

| boak - learning.”

pects of school life in the old|

days which arouse astonishment

or horror

But

in the modern mind, }-ing water Into a funnel.” the wisest of thinkers did | forcing the child merely to répeat |

‘teaching and learning. Such.-me-

‘day,

imaginable shortcoming, heavy pressure on the memory of the child, and litfle or no hu- man response in the mutuality of

thods were common in residen- tial schools well down to our‘own and they derive from: the most famous schools of Roman times. In abandoning such meth- ods, we'have, indeed, progressed. MONTAIGNE’S VIEMS - si But in 1580, Michel de Mon- taigne had already gone far be | yond such stultifying procedures. In choosing a teacher. he’ said, he would rather have a man with | : well - formed mind than a well- filed one. He shouhi, ‘thought | accelane: have both, but: ° he | ought - also to put “‘goodmor- ~ $ and wader standing before |

Instead of ‘‘bawling into thes pupil's ears as if one were. ‘pour-'| l “and

not approve of teaching methods | what had been said to him, he

such as Dickens described, and | thought ‘the teacher

be ascribed to a gen- courage the child to talk

they must

eral crudity of existence which has in most instances passed | away

REMARKABLY MODE RN

education in the past picked up in many books. times in mos? unlikely places most invariably. three or four centuries old reveal | some remarkably ‘moderna con- cepts. About the only thing real- | ly new. in education is the organ- ized svstem* Which attempts to teach all children

One turns, perhaps oddly. to Montaigne’s Essays. which have recently been issued by

may some-

Classics in a new translation by |. pilferings into honey,, which

J. M. Cohen. A lady had_ written to the urbane litterateur, asking for advice on the eiucation of her son. In his courtly and chival- rous manner, the unique French philosopher. answered her wisely, in. words which

years later, have merit and re- ma2rkable insight

In his day. and for many cen- turies before, the tradjtidit

schoo!s was loud talking by the

teac cher, Plenty of puemnyss for

Illumination of the theories of | cero as saying: ¢ be | of those who teach ‘is very of-

Al- | writings two or. ON TUTORS

should en-

“He should make his. pupil | taste things, select, them: and | distinguish them by his own pow- ers of perception.” He ‘quoted. Ci- “The atithority

ten a hindrance to’ those who! wish to learn.”

He urgei that a pipil be not / forced to learn other men's ideas, but to take such ‘ideas and make | them his own. He thought the tu- tor should make his charge sift everything. and. not’ take any- thing on trust. “The hees,”’..he | said, ‘‘steal from this- flower and’ |

Penguin | that, but, afterward‘ turn their

is their own.” A pupil's education ought to tend to give “*him.’power

make his, oiyn . judgments.

|terowting by peart is no know-

of | Was as

ledge, he said.

He urged that the young pupil [ still, nearly 400), be taken to neighboring countries

so as to obtain ap undefstanding- of their characteristics and cus- toms. But he also though _ d védue in travel,

that the chijld'‘would hear tebew ages that “differ =e from our

| Coleg’ s Rebel Leaider

\ ‘ By David Rowntree . Cc anadian-Press Staff Writer .

' Ts a rebel leader and a hand- |

| PHYSICAL CULTURE

“value of physical education, and

|-the rest he owes to action.”:

own, and to which the tomgue cannot adapt itself it it is not trained early."’ That; in 1958. is. what Dr. Wilder Penfield’ has been saying; it is actually an old educational principle. -

-Montaigné a!so believed in the

sought that.a boy should become tough and hard; not for physical reasons, but because “the mind will suffer too much strain if it is not backed up... . I know how mine labors in the company of a most delicate and sensitive body that leans so heavily .upon es

He thought a pupil should be modest in the display of his learning; that he should seek

{Gains Shown

DRAMATIC INROADS

: ple, claims ins The or the. entire’

world dropped es in the 1945 - 49 period to 178,-

In Medicine

By Herman N. Bundesen, M. D. malaria, chol- era? typhus, , yellow ge-

ver and relapsing fever, the pla- gue — you don't-hear much about these diseases any more. -

As the year ecpmes to an end, I think this.is a good time to; take a look backward to,see just what médicine has accom -

In the last ten years alone, we have made dramatic inroads on

from 193,000 cas-

000 in the 1950-54 period.

Yellow fever has dropped about 53O per cent.

Cholera is now a serious prob- lem only in India and Pakistan. And; even there, improvements are significant. ee RECORDS: :

Thre~ghout the world, fewer women are dying in childbirth. We are saving more babies, too. Chicago, I am proud to say, has an eutsigoding record in this respect.

Malaria, once an ungovernable monster, is rapidly beimg eradi- cated,.and we are making impor- tant steps “in this direction. Up to .1948 some 300,000,000. persons became victims of malaria each. year. About 3,000,000 ef them died. Gradually, more and more

inst this disease anl com -

This is the time of year whes parents visit the child's class- room to be exposed to the tea- cher’s glance which seems to say, “\Well, that explains a lot.”"—Win- -mipeg Tribune

Sclentists say that not only could the moon serve as a re-

vision broadcasts, but on it “even the worst duffer ‘ coutd-: easily drive a golfball-a mile.” There's something for everyone in science

a large number of people in the Westphalian region of Germany. While doctors and biologists are seeking its cause, “German Cor- respondence”’ of Bonn notes in its practical German way that “there séems to be no other re- lief than to scratch when and where it itches.”—Ottawa Jour- nal

A (phos ‘in Japan whicti"lea- ves tens “of thousands of Japa- nese homeless does not make many’ Canadians lose a night's sleep..- Yet we are not heartless people. We just have not the ca- pacity to feel for feliow-men <si-| tuated so far away from our datly® experiénce.—Fort William Times-Journal

all over the World, amd the num- bér of deaths ‘from Pneumonia has dropped substantially since penicillin. and other antibiotics became available. is

rest are becoming protected

plete protection, in the Americas, at least, is expected within a few years. ; j NEW VACCINES : '

The Salk yaccine has enabled : us to look polio in the-tace ae out flinching. New live virus vac- cines give promise of offering) ‘even more protection against this once dreaded crippler.

Although tuberculosis still 1s the greatest killer of all infec- tious and parasitic diseases,’ it kills fewer and fewer persons each year. New drugs are under study even now to determine whether they can be used effec- tively in large-scale home treat- ment of TB victims.

Diphtheria is in full regression throughout the world. The num- ber of cases per year is less than half what it was just 10 years ago.

IN RETREAT

skill in en and social graces; he should range the whole i life for the things he} might learn; that he should be.

encouraged to develop an “hon- i est curipsity;’’ that he should study the great lives of the past | to extend his understanding of < human nature

Montaigne believed that too

‘much time could be spend on;

formal education. ‘‘Our pupil.

owks the pedagogues ofly the first 15 or 16 vears of his life; But | he also believed that when he} was learning he should .be im- |

_mersed in it.

SUMMING UP

Afd at the end, he thought * ‘the | pupil should not So mu¢h say his | Jesson as perform it. He should repeat it in his actions. We shall then see whether there is any wisdom in his plans,’ any good- | ness and justice in his cqnduct, -any judgment and grace in his speech, any. fortitude in. his} bearing of sickness any modera- | tion in his amusements, any | temperance in his pleasures, any indifference in his taste for fish, flesh, wine or water, any order in his expenditure. and whether

regards what he is taught att in the light of knowledge, but as a rule of life. whether he: is his own master and obeys his principles. The conduct of our lives is the true reflection of our thoughts.”

education do not vary mu¢h from

generation tg generation

wisdom in Montaigne, which we might do well ‘to Ponder.

a ‘ong, slow civil war. ‘The fi )ting,”” Castroonce remarked, “will continue until we coy?

= wh by -fown and farm bine riba Gaiek sustains itself The | fighters live eff the land, helping, | =

| themselves liberally to food, {uel and transport. Money

| from wealthy and middle-class

farm, fu! of followers have been fight- ing their way westward across “Cunha for 2'2 years. i Untih recpftly they weren't given -mucf hope of ‘completing their avowed task — reaching Havama, overthrowing dictator Fulgencio BatfSta and forming a | government, But in reeent weeks | Fidel Castro, the bearded revolu- ‘tionary, hak pushed nedrer these goals. . ‘The rebels are acknowledzed to mave effective control of, more um half of, the Caribbean islénd. | thes cla.m, about two-thirds. of. the country More Amportant than

the sizeof the territory fdct that, \t is the area’ where most of Cuba’s huge sugar ep is 2rown DOLLAR EARNER Peas ae Control the’ sugar ‘and you pretty well control the “Cuban qcon-my, Sugar earns abeut 85 per cent of Cuba's foreign ex-' chenge afd there have hten esti- mates that Castro,_if he wants to, can prevent about half-the-. crop 1g sold by blocking roads and ipa The. re ‘bels say they den't want "te wreck ‘the. ec: spomy As they “hope

se

also

they understandably don't want-.to succeed to a financial crisis pe

Despite this, the economy 1s feeling the strain. Business life

has Been disrupted, industrial piunts have been sabotaged and {hey i ourist trade has ae. AIMS OBSCURE

.

- is® the |

to inherit the government, |

| the attitude of unions. - The sebellion. pramarily a aues-| Castro's ‘forces have proved | town and on arriving at St. John ere SPP IPD

-tain to influence his hand-picked

_judge, friendly to the insurgents,

‘tines

supporters ‘who,’ although ‘they may hot like the way Castro is going about it, are also anxious to see Batista dethroned. Milif ary supplies are either’ captured or arrive “in. am uncertain. trickle from sympathizers who smuggle them into the country.

“Castro has said |ittle’. about what he would do if he can de-

pose. Batista. The president is due to. .rétire early in 1959 but is cer-

successor. - Apart from installing a former

until free’ elections could. be held, Castro has said:

“| do not believe in military rule. All Latin Americans are tired of government by ‘colonels and generals:

PICTURE CHANGING ; .

He pittures his..cause as the classic Gafin. American one of fighting dictators. As the Argen- who fought Peron found, that cause wins little popular sup- port when labor unions are coddled by the government; the army prosperous. 2 : _Lately this has been changing. The army, which all along has been upable or unwilling to mount a- strong offensive against Castro. has shown some signs’ of discontent. Prosperity is receding

i omes | ;

‘1s toyatand—tife—seems—+

the whole island." _

A broken and a contrite heart, 0 God, Thou wilt not despise.

“OUR YESTERDAYS

(From The Guardian Files)

TWENTY-FIVE YEARS AGO (Jan. 2, 1934). During ‘the early-hours.of yes- “‘terday morning the Gaarlottetown Riding Club held a most enjoy-

able New Year's dance at the

club quarters on the North Riv- er Road. There were more than sixty\ present including members

of thé Riding - ‘and their. «x at

guests.

* The Board of Trade has re- ceived a reply from Mr. Apple- ton regarding a request that sle- eping car facilities -be provided from Charlottetown at least once

a week, pointing out.that it, fould |

add nothing to the cost as it would, not: entail additional mul- eage. Mr. Appleton replied that it would not pay, and that in view of the fact down expenses. the request could not be granted ope

-

TEN YEARS AGO -(Jan. 2, 1949) The party of ten Scottish Curl- ers who visited this

ful story to tell their forty fellow clansmen when they rejoined the

and this may eventually change

main, group ‘at St. John yester- day. the ,plane left Charlotte-

The objectives ‘al purposes of"

here iS, |

capable of being able to survivey| '

The Age Old Story

they were cutting |

Province New Year's Day. had .an event->

Whooping cough a Airport, it was unable land there and was forced ta return to Summerside. The curlers than

made the trip to St. John by mo-, / tor and ferry.

At present_there are-630 per-,, soms registered as unemployed with: the National Unemploy-

ment Office in Summerside, of whom 560 are men and 70 are women, states Mr. Earle Can- non, office manager sons are drawing unemployment insurance benefits and on Friday | of last week $2,000 was paid out | in benefits.

490 per-.

That's what we have accom - plished to date.

‘What lies ahead? I'll toll you next year — in my next ae QUESTION AND ANSWER

A. J--K:: My husband has an almost constant pain in his right arm between the shoulder and] the knee, and his hands go numb.

What could be his’ trouble?

Answer: The pain in your hus- band’s right arm may be due to neuritis, rheumatic disease of the muscles or ligaments or chang- és in the bone. 3

An X-ray amt a doctor's ex- mination often help in reaching a diagnosis.

MAXIMS

A juvenile delinquent is a teenager who Wants what — he wants when ~he wants it and.

kings

won't walt to get it.

ever heard cS was being on :

the brink of bankruptcy.- Calgary * Albertan.

A wellinows collection om view -again for the first time

since the war is'in the Typewrit-_

WILL NO ONE TELL... Is there no magic any Mhare,, ~

‘Is beauty gone, will no one tell »

The mystery of the pale seashell, .

With gale and spindrift at its _ core,

Or trace the flight of eagles’ wings : “ And write the joy the wood | thrush sings?

Does the dark solitude of pines Weave no more. wyetery, the

well ‘ Of soundless midnight cast no |

spell,

And all the intricate Of frond and : Nothing to the No 1

adh seoiine Sl: Sad a thow

—Lenore A. Pratt in the ‘Otines Journal

mn 2

Pe

: F ANNUAL

Of Wood Island Congregation.

. will be held In the Church at Wood Islands | 1°. On Monday, Jan. ‘Sth at 1 p-m. .

MEETING

i sere

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AT CANADIA ARLOTTETOWN

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