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4 It's Cedar Posts

THE DAILY EXAMINER, CHARLOTTETOWN MARCH 26, 1898,

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oe T

Writing Academy

Let the search ight of practice dark places of Theory.

THOROWFHLY Progressive Practica! |

. Institution, in which young men and

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Gu allits applicationsto commerce) both by @ngie and doulle entry, but are trained how fp do business, oy aciual business transact-

yr s. The miuients act as buyers, sellers, aders, bankers, d0ok-keepers and account- @nts.in actus! business operations, and the eurrency issued by the College Bank and the mdse issued fromthe Fmporium, are used in bona fide business transactions, just the same asin mercvantileand banking n ouses, Book-keeping in itself may be learned at pome, but a knowledge of how to transact business, cannot be thus acquired. That our eoulse2 #ystem of training is eminently pract- teal write for testimoniais trom business men. and from students who are now hold- beg lucrative anc responsible positions, SUBJECTS:

Book-keeping by single and double entry ee aig anc practica!,) Actual Business ‘ractice, Business Penmansbip, Business Correspondence, Commerctal Arithmetic, Commercial Lew. Raiiroading, Steamboat- ine, Banking, (actual practiceinthe College Bank,) Typewriting, Shorthand and Naviga-

tion. FACULTY:

L. B Miller, Principal, Teacher of Book- keeping, Arithinetic, jusiness Practice, eet Correspondence, Typevriting ard

avigation,

J. W. Coulson, ‘Vice Prinripa],) Teacher of Railroading, Stcamboating, Banking, Ac- eonnting and Actual Business Practice.

J. Harry Williams, Teacher of Busines Penmanship.

wm. Moran (i hand.

Geerge 8 Inman Esq, Donal Law.

For circulars and full information, write or

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censed), Teacher of Short-

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Tsueryone 181

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| THE WITNESS

OF EGYPTIAN AND BABYLONIAN RE- SEARCH TO THE VERACITY OF THE PENTATEUCH

} jaan }

A Course of Addresses Delivered in 8St, Peter's Cathedral by Kev, T. H Hunt,

mM, A,, B. D,

THE PATRI ARC GS.

In the last two addreeses of this course i bave tried to give you some notion of | the etate of Car aap, its inhabitants, ite civilization and its foreign relations in the | period before the time of Moses. Now it was during the latter part of that period, i.e.600 years before Moses or there- abouts, that the events described in the history of the Patriarche took place in Canaan and the neighboring countries, To-~ night I want briefly to review this history and to show you how it fitein with what we now know,independently of the Bible, about those lands and times,

Abraham we are told was born in Urof the Chaldees. This town is now identified vy Prof. Sayce with some ruias insouthern Babylonia west of the Euphrates. Thence, we read, he went to Harran iv Mesopota- mia. Now in the old languege of Chaidaea, Harran meant “road” and in fact it was on the high road from Babylonia to Syria. Like Ur is was dedicated to Sin, the Moon

god. When Abraham went to Harran he would still be in an atmosphere quite iliar tobim. The religion of the peo-

ple at large was the same, avd although ; the people were of different nationalit yet the civilization of the place was Baby- His next move was

| fam

| lonian. to Canaan. | Now it reems to me that | we generally think of Abra- | bam as going into acountry where all

was strange, and yet his intercourse with the people there, as told in Genesis, seems quite free from any difficulty. We hear of no trouble from a strange Janguage nor of any clashing of customs, ways of speech or ware of living. we can gather,perfectly at home in Canaan. And as a matter of fact we know now that he must have been so. When he came into Canaan he came to a land where the language of Babylonia was quite familiar to educated people and very likely to some extentto all. He found there libraries written inthe characters which he had mest likely learned in hie old home. He found s country which had more than once been overrun with Chal:ean armies and which even then was cla'me! as part ofthe empire of Babylonia. [his is not guess work remember; itie founded as I have already shown you, on certain fects. “It was not therefore to astrange and unexplored country that Abraham had migrated.” Theland to which he had come was full of Babylonian traders, and most likely soldiers sud officiala as well, from the same country. Abrabam ‘ was no wild nomad wandering in unknown regions among a people of alien habits and foreign civilization. We know now why he took the road which we know ‘ie follow, ed; why he was able to make allies; why he understocd the Ianguage. He waa almost Jike an Englishman emigrating toa Britith colony.

Later on we find him visiting Egypt. Egyptian history explaing why he and his im nediate 2esceodauie rece ved #0 favour- able a reception there. ‘Lue race of kings then in power in noiiisru Lyypt were of Asiatic blood,—perhepe a ranch of the race to which he bimeeif belonged, and the wealthy stranger would naturally be a welcome guest. We find among tle ani- mals of which his wealth consisted men- tion made of camels. This animal was not used in Egypt in ancient days but was common in Arabia. The o!d language of Chaldea cailed itthe “animal from the Persian Gulf.” It would therefore be ouly natural that it should form part ct Abraham’s train.

It may be noted that while in Abraham’s time we find no biblical record of horses, we find them mentioned and apparently abundant is the story of Joreph. Now the earliest known mention of horses on the Egyptian monuments is about the time when the Syrian kings were driven out,ie during the stay of the Israelites in Egypt | On the other band, asses which formed,

part ol the present given to Abrabam by | the Pharaoh were very abundast in Egypt from exceedingly ancient times.

I pass on to the time of the blessings of Melchizedek. In a former address, 1 bave shown you, from letters recently discovered in Egypt, that there was a city called Jerusalem or Salem, and that even after the country had become (later than Abra ham) an Egyptian province, there was s a king there who claimed to bave received his throne, not from his ancestors, but from “the mighty king” i.e. not the Egyptian Pharaob, bunt the god of the city ; in fact a priest king just such as Melchi- zdek is represented as being in Genesis. I do notintend to dwellany further on this pointexcept to referto the payment of tithes to Melchizdek by Abraham. The inscriptios of Babylonia show that this wes @ well known custom in that country, acd ages before Abraham their

ea a PS 2

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Abrabam seems, es far as!

a

temples were largely supperted by tie}

tithe which was payable by all. The custom Jasted down to the destruction of the power of Babylon by the Persians, and even Cyrus, as we ‘learn from the inscriptions, paid tithes to the temples of the conquered country.

Later on, if the narrative is ip strict order of events, Abraham is found in the routh. Here he lived at

Gerar, now indentified with a heap of ruins called Umm el Jerar which lies south of Gaza. This place is described as between Kadesh and Shenr. Kadesb, as I have said before, is now known to have been among the mountains south of the desert of Beer- Sheta and Sheur is the #o-called “wall” of Egypt. Gerar is also said in Genesis to have been in the land of the Philistines. So it was when the book was written or compiled, but probably not in Abrabam’s day. [tis called the laud of the Philis-~ tines just as we call the whole country Palestine, which means the same thing, ae a well known name the eountry afterwards received. The Philistines who are called the Pulista ou the Egyptian monuments seem.io have formed part of the hordes who swept down on Syria and the vailey of the Nile at the decline of the Egyptian empire. lt seems probable that they were settling in the coast cities in the south of Palestine just about the time of the Exodus.

On leaving Gorar, Abrahi:m dwelt at Beersheba where he planted atree. This is another touch which shows the truth- fulness of the story. In the Hast a tree in the desert hadasacred character and to this dey not even Mohammedaniam has been able to destroy the revereace paid to such trees.

The sacrifice of Isaacs is another point which brings us into close contact with the weysofthe Canaanites and Syrians. The temptation of Abraham in this matter was atria! of his faith, but besides this it was lesson, teaching him, in the most forcible form, ihat human sacrifice was displeasing to God. Jt was not a needless lesson. Phcenician legend told how the god Ei had robed bimself in roval purple and sacrificed his son in time of pestilence thehistory of Carthage was stained with sacrifices of the first-born. Even in an ancient Babylonian text we read “He gave the off-pring for his life, &c.” The wore precious the offriag the more acceptable to God—tke child died for the sine of his people. Such was the belief. But God tanght Abrabam better things and provid- ed a ram as a substitute. Curiously enough we are told in later days the Phcenicians vsed to sacrifice a ram instead of a human being.

Later, again, we find Abraham buying a cave to bury his wife’s body. Thi» he buys from Ephron, the Hittite. You may re- membir that on a former occasion I de- ecribed the Hittites to you and said that they had set:'lements apparently as far south as Hebron, where this buying of the cave took place. The eare taken in mak~ ing this purchase takes on a new interest, when we remember that contracts aed formal deeds of this and even earlier agrs have been found in Babylonia.

I can only glance at points here and there in the later history of the Patriarch-P Isaac, we are told, dug wells at a place which he called Rehobotu. This is prob- ably referred to in the book of travels lately found in Egypt (of 300 or 400 yeore later) under the name of R-hobarta. Nex‘, let us take a glance at Jacob’s vision a: Bethel, or at his action after it. We read

the place,” he took the stone which bad been b*s pillow and set it up and poured oil upon it and called it Beth-el, ‘* the bouse of God.”

Now the Semitic world was full of euch Bethels. They are referred to iv the literature of ancient Babylonia and have been found in northern Arabia. They are said to have abounded ia Phiecicia. The ancient Semite locked upon the solitary rock in the wilderness as in some way the dwelling place of the Deity. Later it be- came an alwar, and in the Assyrian sculp- tures it becomes a portable altar connested in some way with the symbol of the god- dees Asherah.

Another name connected “with Jaoob’s history which shows a similar coonection

with the uses of other ancient na‘ions is Penuel the place where ae wreetied with the angel. There were other places in the Sem.tic world so called for Penuel or Peniel means “the face of God,” and at Carthage a goddess was known by the name of Peni- Baal.

As to the name Jacob, modern scholars assure us that i: has been found in Egyptian inscriptions, in one place forming part of the name ofa town in Palestine. This need not mean that it had any connection with the patriarch but simply that the name was used in that age and country.

The next striking incident in the history of the Patriarchs was the going down into Egypt and thelong stay there until the days of Moses.

AsI have already said in the case of Abraham, Jecob and his family went tos country ruled by men partially, it seems, ofthe same race as themselves. There would not be anything very remarkable in aHebrew of striking ability, such as Joseph, rising to hign position under the foreign kings of Egypt, themselves of Syrian deecent. The Egypt into which Jacob went was the Egypt of the Hyksos conquerors whose capital was Zoan in northern Egypt and whose people were the slaves of a stranger from Axia. The Egypt which his descendants left was one which haddriven out the etrangers and had, ia the meantime, coaquered Canaan and lost it again. When Jacob Jeft Canaan it was practically, even if not politically a province of Babylonia, from which it had derived its civilization and probably much of its religion, The Canaan of Muse’ time had been for many yeare a province of Egypt, and had adopted many of the customs of that country, although politi-~ cally the power of Egypt over it was gone,

Here I leave the story of the Patriarchs. It was not to be expected that the history of a family of little account, as men count

itself, several

greainess, chould be found im the scanty

that whem he realized that “ God was in!

records of the part which have as yet been discovered. All I bave been able to do is to take some ealient points in the Bible history and toshow that they are thorongh- ly consistent with what we know and are continually learning about those far-off ages of the world.

—e+er

Underground Flow of Rivers.

F. R. Spearman writes of ‘Queer Amer- jean Rivers’’ in St. Nicholas. Speaking of the rivers of the western plains Mr. Spear- man says: The irrigation engineers have lately discovered something wonderfu) about even these despised rivers. During the very driest seasons, when the stream is apparently quite dry, there is still a great body of water running in the sand. Like a vast sponge the sand holds the water, yet it flows continually, just as if it were in plain sight, but more slowly, of course. The volume may be estimated by the depth and breadth of the sand. One pint of i will hold three-quarters of a pintof water. This is called the underground flow, and is peculiar to this class of rivers. By means of ditches this water may be brought to the surface for irrigation.

_ + be — WRECKED,

Mrs. Harkley, the Wife of Captain Hark- lev, Wel!~known Lake Captaio of Owen Sound, Ont., Tells How Le Grippe Left fer, and How Ufcen Doctors Gave Up Hope,‘and Her Family and Friends D.- soaired of Her South American Beacon which Directed Her Good Health Harbor.

‘‘\ bout four years ago I was affl cted w th a severe attack of la grippe, which lit me aa most a complete wreck. | was prosirated for weeks. I doctored wih s:veral physicians and used many remes dies, but nove had any lasting effect. My friends beganto be alsrmed for my m- covery. The doctors shook their | eads and held out little hope. 1 was «attracted by an advertiver of Sonth American Ner- vine, and as my trouble was of a nervous natore I decided wo try it. The first botile helped me greatly. J persisted in ite use and this great remedy has completely built up my systm, and I pooitively de- clare that it is the oo 'y remedy that gave me any relief.” Soldby Dr.S W Dodd and Geo EK Hughes.

Recoverv—The Great Nervine Waa the Into the

A Slave to Duty.

*T intend to show you, sir,’’ said the judge, as he put the limit of fine on the gentleman who had been mauling his wife, ‘‘that wife beating, in this country, is an expensive pastime.’’

“I didn’t do it for pastime, your honor,” pleaded the culprit. ‘‘I only done it asa duty. ’’—Cincinnati Enguirer.

Effects of Age. “Age,” remarked the observer of men and things, ‘‘makes us wise and others obstinate. ''—Detroit Journal

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