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Prince Edward Island use me new

' - W. 1. Hanson Publisher Frank Walker ulcer Editor

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pace: 4 THURSDAY. DECEMBER F7. 1961

Not At His Best

Prime Minister Pearson contin- uesvto surprise us by his attitude on the flag question. His contention .all along. as we understood it. was that Canada didn't have a national flag and it was time we had one. In all the wrangling that took place over this issue. he and his f0110wers never once conceded that the Red Ensign had any official status. Now that a maple leaf design has been adopted in the Commons. however. he insists that the Ensign would be unsuitable to represent Canada’s association with the Commonwealth because it has been our national flag and therefore should not be kept on now as a Commonwealth symbol!

This is how he is reported in a Canadian Press dispatch in yester- day’s Guardian. It was the main

rargument be advanced against ac-

cepting the Conservative amend- ment. to have the Ensign. rather than the Union Jack. used for the purpose above mentioned. And he ‘maintained that, the Union Jack. being the “royal flag". was best suited to this purpose.

Surely Mr. Diefenbaker wa s right in pointing out that the Jack is not the royal flag but the flag of the United Kingdom. This is the significance of the crosses of St. George. St. Andrew and St. Patrick which it bears. As it. first appeared. it displayed the red cross of Eng- land superimposed on the white cross of Scotland. The diagonal cross was added in 1801 with the legislative union of Ireland.

The royal flag is something else again. It is more properly known as the royal standard. It went out of use in England during the period of Oliver Cromwell, its place being taken by a special flag devised for the protector himself. But it came back again after the Restoration. first as the flag of the lord high admiral when at sea. and then as the standard to be flown only by the Sovereign.

Mr. Pearson must be well aware of the distinction between the Sov- ereign's flag and the British flag. which is no more—and no less— the “royal flag" than the Maple Leaf flag will be when it becomes the flag of Canada. Yet he insisted on arguing to the contrary, simply because he seemed incapable of ac- cepting any suggestion on the flag issue that came from the leader of the - Opposition.

.Actually. as Mr. Macquarrie pointed out in the discussion on Tuaaday. there is no such thing as I Commonwealth flag. and the Lib- eral assumption that there is one is “a ludicrous exerc1se in dual flag- ging.” But if a second flag is need- aurely it is the one to which so mice}! of our tradition attaches— uui; Red Ensign.

A Great Undertaking

A few years ago. mental re-

tardation was a problem in which

comparatively few people were in- teraated. Today it is receiving at- tantion in every civtlized country. md as Canadians we can take some [measure of pride in the progress we \have made in this direction. But that-dis much yet to be done. This lathe feeling in the United States

“yell, where a great drive is under : ifly ‘ to develop research facilities

,h we field. The latest development in New York state a few ‘ when ground was broken governor Rockefeller for an ' which he termed unique I. "V history of the nation.

‘ la a five story structure

~ - m4 cumulon-

aa Staten Island which will be do- voted entirely to mental retarda- tion studies. It will have a staff of 250 conducting research in bio- chemistry. microbiology. genetics and other disciplines. all geared to this basic program.

Important research is already under way in other U.S. areas. and facilities for much more are being provided. Recently the University of Washington. Seattle. and Yeshiva University. New York. were desig- nated as locations for two of the three mental retardation research centres that will be established un- der the late President Kennedy's mental health program. The Univer- sity of California at Los Angeles and the University of Wisconsin are also expanding facilities for broader studies of this kind.

Retardation is said to afflict three children in every hundred in varying degrees. It has many causes. some of which are little understood—such as the effect of viruses on the unborn child. But progress is being made and know- ledge assembled. No break-throughs are looked for. but improved means are confidently promised that will help prevent at least some forms of retardation. The new institute in New York, the new centres and other research facilities on both sides of the boundary line will all contribute importantly.

The great thing is that the knowledge thus gained will be shar~ ed freely among researchers every- where. There will be no need for espionage agents to track it down. It will be at the disposal of all man- kind. That is what makes progress reports of this kind so stimulating.

Spectre Oi Dlsunity

The conference of NATO minis- ters at Paris is going badly. Canada has taken a leading part in plead- ing to keep the “nuclear bargaining” inside the NATO framework. and Mr. Martin says be confident that this aim will be achieved. But. there is still in evidence a deep clash of policies between France and the United States over this matter.

Washington is bent. on pushing the U.S. role as leader of the al- liance. and taking NATO along the path of “Atlantic integration" in order to give West Germany a voice in the control of nuclear weapons. France regards this policy as an effort to extend an American political “hegemony and domina- tion" over a Europe which ought to be independent and united.

France seems not only deter- mined io resist further integration of NATO. but also eventually to force changes in the existing NATO structure even if this were to mean pulling NATO apart completely. To replace. or supplant. the p r e s e n t system. President dc Gaulle wants to create a European political com-

15

vmunity. which would become the

focal point for most of the political and military activities now conduct- ed lhrough the NATO permanent council.

If concessions are to be made they will have to be on both sides. and perhaps the Canadian delega- tion can play an effective part in bringing some sort of compromise about. Let's hope so. But despite the optimism expressed by our rep- resentatives on this point, the pros- pect isn't encouraging.

EDITORIAL NOTES

There is a news story from Mos- cow that illustrates how little hu- man nature changes. It reports the professional rat killers of the So- viet Union are turning into rat breeders because they are afraid of losing their jobs.

0 I C

1965, designated by the United Nations as International Coopers, tion Year. is also the 20th anniver- sary of the organization's creation. A special medal will be issued by the United Nations to commemorate both events.

0

i I

The Soviet Union. notes an ex- change. is building a 384-mile gas pipeline in the Arctic where tem- peratures drop as law as 60 degrees below zero—to expedite a mining operation. This could be a challenge to similar enterprise in Canada.

‘ t .

Winh the flag debate over, the question period has been re- stored in the Commons and on- position members may be expected to make the most of it. They re- portedly have an imposing series of questions to be fired at the Govern. ment front benchors.

’TWAS JUST BEFORE CHRISTMAS

OTTAWA REPORT By

Patrick Nicholson

Maintains Separatist Rioting Overplayed

Canadians who did not have the opportunity to witness th 9 visit of Queen Elizabeth to Que- bec City in October probably lend to recall the occasion as one of bloody riots inspired by separatist or republican rabble- rousers.

The truth. we are beginning to learn. was something quite dif- fercnl.

"French s language newspap- ers and the I'Bi‘ cave f'llSlf‘ll'lf‘f‘l p u bl i c l t y lo the separisfs" Re hi Caolleiio. Social Credil Rally leader. told me in his of- fice here. Blaming the CBC for; much of the misunderstanding. he added: "Radio Canada look more pictures of riots in front‘ of Quebec's (‘in Hall than of‘ the Queen during her visit.“ 1

A spokesman for the St. .lohn the Baptist Society urged Que!- beckers to stay home. Mr. Caou- ette said. So people did at say, home. because they were afraid J of becoming involved in distur-, bances. But one individual. calyK ling himself a representative of the SJBS. was not speaking for‘ the members. "l ll 3 v 9 been a 1 member for 23 years. and would not have suggested that i Canadians should not. go out into the streets to cheer their Queen." Mr. Caouclle said.

REAL MEETS ROYALTY

Mr. Caouellc himself enjoyed v a long talk with the Queen. and he desoribed this In me.

On Thanksgiving Day. Mon- day October 12. a state banquet and reception was given by the Queen at Government House in . Ottawa. Among the guests were Cabinet Ministers. the leaders ‘ of political parties. provincial i premiers. and their wives.

Madame Vanier. the wife of our Governor Gen e r a l. was _ talking to Premicr W. A. (‘. Ben- . net! of British Columbia. She is s k e d him to point out to her . Mr. Caouette. Mr. Bennett did: so. and asked if he might intro- i duce him to her. So Mr. Caouelle ‘ soon found himself in converse-l tion with Madame Vanier, who ;

then presented him In the Queen. 1 8 houflh

They had an animated conver- sation together for between ten and fifteen minutes. “The Queen

speaks beautiful French." Mr. Caouette told me. i “I understand ihal you and

your party achieved a consider- able success in the last elec- tion." she remarked. But that was the only mention of politics ‘ in their conversation.

PUBLIC FORUM

This column In open In the discussion by correspondents nI quesllnna a l

lerest. The Guardifln does not necrv aarlly endorse the opinion of corres- pondents. All letters published are aub- lecl lo edlllng a a condensation where ueceaaary_ Guardian la unable II enter into any corrrnpoudenea regard- lng lelaera auhmllled.

SEEKS PEN PAL Sir,» lam a girl of 12 who lives in the beautiful Fraser Valley. I would like a girl pen pal. preferably from the area of Cavendish. bull will write to everyone who writes to me. My hobbies are reading and keeping scrapbooks. but. I like collecting Beetle record-s too. Thank you for your help and a Merry Christmas to you. MARGARET CHANT 4811 Bigger Road. Langley. BC.

WINTER ROADS

Sir, ~ It has been rumored to this community of ours that now - plowing of roads Is now being done by contract. need a gateway opened. charge is $3 each time. and $9 for a lane or mow.

Why are we paying gasoline lax? Of what use to us are the

» last night. j have had two inches of snow the north of Scotland where she 3

‘ experimental

l reaching depths as great as 000f t

Soon in a folksy way they were discussing the weather in their respective homes. “I was talking to my mother on and in

is living." “I have just c ome

back from Rouyn. Quebec. and; have three inches there al- ;

we ready." replic Mr. Caouetie. THE QUEEN’S BELIEFS What had impressed him mosl. ke

‘ about. the Queen. I as ‘ very wise re-

"She made a mark. She said that one‘s own patriotism should not stop one's

.understanding of another's pat-

riotism. And she showed Wisdom also when she said in Quebec City that a dynamic state must not be afraid of revising its po- litical philosophy. There is noth-

the telephone ; she said they _

«ing surprising. she said. in that a constitution setup nearly a cen~ lury ago does not meet all the problems of loday.’ Unlike, for example. the Liber- fal MP from Lotbiniere. Augu- sle Choquette who stalked out of the House of Commons w he n the Queen was being mentioned recently Real Caouette is not a republican. He repeated to me that she rcp- ‘ resents the way of life. the in- ‘dividual freedom. which we en- joy and want to retain. And be repeated his philosophy -~ the creed of a gentleman -— that when the Queen. a woman and a visitor. was in Queb e c City. as the honored guest of g the province. nobody had I h e 1 right to insult her. even if they ' harbored separatist ambitions.

I

Bringing Home The Bacon

Milwaukee Journal

The best test of an economy‘s worth is the standard of living it provides.

A meaningful way of measur- ing this is to determine how long an average industrial work- er must toil to acquire the neo- essities. and luxuries. of life.

Radio Liberty. a privately sponsored network. has publish- ed a revealing index of average work time required to purchase

the same goods and services in _

New York and Moscow. It. takes the Russian more than seven hours. for example.

i to earn enough to buy one kilo-

cra‘m (roughly 2.2 poundsl 9f sliced bacon and more than I.

[hours for lhe same quantity of salmon.

One small lemon can bc earn- ed in 1.3 minutes in New York; 30.2 minutes in Moscow.

The disparity is no. so for such things as cigarettes.

In New York the average in- dustrial worker must work 7.9 minutes to earn a package of 20 cigarettes: in Moscow it takes 16.2 minutes.

so narrows

T even more

g for certain services. '

! To earn the best. seat. in a loc-

E 3] movie the Russian need work

Ionly 54 minutes. while the Am- : crican has to put in 52.6 minut- PS.

”"Thmerse‘ag‘changag;‘

Milwaukee Journal

Man seems poised to take a major plunge into thal part of his world about which he knows least. the oceans. Here is a po- tentially rich. little tapped treas- ury of food and minerals. Ocean exploration offers a challenge as exciting as outer .. our space effort is in- finitely larger.

navy now hopes to mount a high priority. five years. $200

. million program of deep ocean ‘ explormion and rescue. Thirteen J

s u b m ersiblcs would be built. some capable of 20..

ee . Glenn 1'. Seaborg. chairman of the atomic energy commis-

1sion. spea'ks optimistically of

usmg atomic energy by 1990 to harvest food and minerals from the sea "on a scale we can now only dimly foresee.’ .

Here and there. groups of scientists are working to help man adapt to this underwater world. At the Mount Desert Is- land biological laboratory in Maine they are trying to learn why a seal’s heartbeat and breathing rate drop sharply un- der water. permitting it to be submerged as long as half an hour. The mammal's circula- tion. respiratory and nervous systems are remarkably simil- ar to men's.

Scientists for the General El- ectric Go. recently ralaed the "far om" possibility that man someday i I be able to breath rider water. using or. tificial gills made of a newly developed. fantastically thin membrane. Also possible may

at: regenerating systems to clean and recycle air for re- peat 6 use

e .

Our exploration of this little known sea medium needs to be far better organized than it is. Atheistan F. Spllhaua. dean of t institute of nology at e University of Minnesota. writes in Science magazine. He sug-

lar er dmnks" for competent institutions. laboratories and

roads if we cannot get on them? Surely them Is some mistake! If this is right. people should protest by petition.

I am, Sir. clc.

ENCOURAGE BUILDING In Moscow. to encourage housing development. authori- lies levy no tax on new build lugs and there is no interest on on loan

swam am 00. lam

industries involved in research. His idea is In esta|h< lish “sea grant colleges" in ex- isting universities to do under i the oceans what land grant col- ; legcs have done for agriculture.

i Meeting At Washington

British Information Service

I

We have all grown wary of summit meetings. There is al- [ ways the possibility of a clash lof personalities at any interna- . tional meeting and this can be

serious enough at the diplomat- ! to level. At the summit it can i be catastrophic.

‘ But the most recent top level ‘meeting — between Britain’s

and the United States President Johnson— has served to how that mutual understanding can be achieved over a wide range of subjects and very quickly when two heads of governments get along really well together.

Naturally enough. very little detail has. so at come out about the meeting. It was in- tended to be the first of a ser- ies and there was never any in- fention of making hard and fast decisions. The next step is to other partners of the

estern Alliance but Mr. Wilson emphasised the complete success of the talks and added that they had gone even better than he had hoped.

Some things have come out slmngly. NATO. SEATO and CENTO “are all to be strength- ened in every possible way" at the same time Mr. Wilson and President Johnson promised to

tries are making in support of legitimate governments in South East Asia".

great ;

oceanic I

Prime Minister Harold Wilson;

of am . EMWUPEEEEF' _.

Scooter Accidents

By Dr. Therdore R. Van Dallas

The mote: scooter In another hazard to health. Some ma envy the owners of these gay. economical vehicles but they cannot match in safety the modern automobile. including the smaller sports cars. h wheels are small and fit lnto many defects in the pavement: the device is light and offers no protection to the driver. Other- wise. we have no objections.

Several years ago. when m son was a senior in high school, he was offered a used m o scooter at an attractive price. I said no. and gave my reasons. He was upset but. I withstood all his arguments. The next day he came home from school and really look me to task. A class- mate beat him to the bargain and his pride was hurlu

The following day the class- male was dead. He was driving along a quiet street in Evanston. Ill.. ran over a stone. upset the scooter. and struck his hea against the curb. It was an un~ ‘usual accident and may never ‘ be duplicated.

I don't want to be unfair to the scooter industry by maklna a mountain out of a molehlll just because of one case. Fur- thermore. auto accidents are far more common at this age. as well as athletic injuries.

n the New England Journal of Medicine. Dr. Edward D. Frank of Boston recently re- ported four scooter accidents. An honor student of Harvard hit an unseen depression in the road. boundcrl over We handle bars. and sustained a fatal head

yithe

NOTES BY THE WAY

The truth la usually so plain: , It’s In the cards. l! we may , and dull that most people flou . be pardoned for a seasonal pun it up some with a little fancy i that about 225 million Christmas lying—Woodstock Sentinel- Re- . cards will be mailed In Canada

1‘ view.

Canadian Underwriters