Ss ~~ Pt ; m ere ei, i Se ot t : ee ee \ a’ -& , GOON oot ; - the oe ~ ad os Mp Meet m,! ‘ ' ° ~ ay 2 ep

P:E.L. by Thomson Newaspai las A. Burnett, t General “— Frank Walker; Member Canadian Newspaper Publishers Member of The Canadian Press Bren-n oifices at Summerside, Montague and Albertos

By Me) elsewhere Pe and United States $12.00 per annum AGE

“TUESDAY, FEB. 17 1959, “Sagas Of The Sfrait

. Under the above heading appears 'a thrilling article in the current issue of The Atlantic ‘Advocate, dealing with the heroic efforts of: earlier Prince Edward Islanders in main- taining winter communieation with the mainland. Written by Mr. Lorne C. Callbeck, of the Dominion Science Service Laboratory, Charlottetown, it covers in detail a story which is familiar in outline to our readers locally, but which many Canadians will read now with interest and ad- miration for the first time.

Mr. Callbeck describes the prob- Jem of the conquest of Northumber- land Strait from colonial times to the present day. It begins with the trial crossing by canoe arranged by Gov- ernor Walter Patterson in February, 1775, and a similar expedition sent out by the author’s great-great-great grandfather, Hon. Phillips Callbeck, in February, 1777. Both tests were made from Wood Islands to Pictou.

This route was used for fifty

years, but the scene shifts to Cape ‘Tormentine in 1827 when Neil Camp- ell and Donald McInnis pioneefed the first winter crossing to Cape 'Tormentine. Incidentally, Neil Camp- bell was a brother of Mr. Cail- Raek’s great-grandfather, John Campbell. _ The structure and manning of the feeboats that were deyeloped for the gervice is described, as well as the great hardships suffered by crews and passengers. Three notable disas- ters—those of 1843, 1855 and 1885— are reviewed in detail. The surnames of many of the captains and crew ‘members mentioned are sti!] common in this Province, such as Allen, Bell, \Cameron, Campbell, Howatt, Irving, ‘MacRae, Muttart and Robinson.

The story passes to the steamers that were placed on.the crossing, be- ginning with the Albert, Northern ‘Light, Stanley, Minto, Earl Grey, faind so on to the present-day Abeg- weit and Lord Selkirk. In 1917, it is recalled, the first car ferry ice- breaker—the Prince Edward Island |—hegan duty, and the days of the heroic couriers were at an end, But pe veteran ferry is still with us,—or rather she is tied up at Port aux Bas- |

que, Newfoundland, and should be oth us in lieu of a much-needed | Newer auxiliary, boat for the present service.

The article is flsutrated from ‘Photographs in the album of Miss ‘Flora Ann Campbell, a niece of the Cape Traverse pioneer in iceboats. Neil Campbell. Miss Campbell is the oldest resident at the Sacred Heart Home, being in her ninety-seventh year. The photos in her possession were taken in the Strait in 1885.

It is to be hoped that Mr. Call- beck’s article will not only be widely read for its historic interest, but that it will find place, eventually, in Our school textbooks. It is, of course, Particularly timely at the present period. in our transportation history. As the author says: “With talk of & causeway to jain the Island to the | ‘Mainland, and with’ modern car fer- ries and air transport to service the route, we have only the fading mem- ory of the hardy seafarers who braved the moods of the Strait to @arry the mail, and of the women ‘who kept anxious vigil as. they placed lamps in the windows to gujde their men safely home.” -

Some day, let us hope; we shall have a permanent memorial erected to their memory.

~ Mr. Dulles’ Understudies

The news that Mr. John Foster Dulles, U.S. State Secretary, has been stricken with a recurrence of .can- eer, is a matter of-deep regret. It is” stated that he has a type of cancer which is highly malignant but which can be controlled for several years through radiation and chemi- cal treatment.-At 71, Mr. Dulles has shown remarkable courage in the face of a series of -major ill- Nesses, including a cancer operation, in two years. It can be taken for granted, with his great sense of duty,

lat he will not resign unless ab- solutely obliged to, and that Presid- ent Eisenhower will approve this

‘| too much

carry on in this emergency.

— Yet, at the present juncture,

ing crucial negotiations on the Ger- -

man problem would present difficul- © "

ties, there is no purpose to be served in exaggerating its ill effects. One difficulty here, indeed, is largely of Mr. Dulles’ own making. Pro-

, foundly convinced of his own. in- | tegrity and competence, he has relied upon himself and too little . upon—teamt tterk-in-his ‘department: has able understudies in his

undersecretaries, Christian A. Her-.

Yet he

ter and C. Douglas Dillon, who will Mr. Herter, first in line, was born in France, was a diplomat in Belgium, and helped lay Congressional foun- dations for the Marshall Plan ‘before serving as Governor of Massachus- etts. Mr. Dillon is the former head of a banking house. Both have abilities to the first order. While they will, naturally pursue American

policy within the framework Mr.

Dulles has set, and while their ail- ing chief’s availability for consulta- tion will be valuable, it is to be hoped that they will be given full freedom of manoeuver.

Battle Of The Pens

A French manufacturer, accord- ing to the Manchester Guardian, is duelling with pens against a Nor- mandy school. His two daughters, like other pupils, have for a long time taken old-fashioned pens and

| ink pots with them to school. They

were eternally losing the pens and spilling the ink. So he bought them each a ballpoint.

Their teacher refused to give them writing instruction if they used the ballpoints and, backed by the headmaster, ordered them ex- pelled from school. The educational - authority in Caen wrote to the father saying that the girls must be withdrawn from school or re- turn to the old-fashioned pen.

That final message was written —as one might guess—with a ball- point pen. And the father, with this bit of evidence of the widespread use of the new pens, is taking the case to court. Whichever way the judges decide, the school authorities are probably in for another shock. The ruling, it Is expected, will be Writte) with a typewriter!

EDITORIAL NOTES

Miss Edith Hamilton, one of the world’s leading authorities on an- cient . civilizations, has a warning = message for us all. Ima recent broad-

cast from her home in Bar Harbor,

Maine, Miss Hamilton, who is 91

years ald, remarked: “In every civili-

zation life grows easier; men grow

lazier in conseguence’”’. ‘

Congratulations to the six citizens of Georgetown who, on the second attempt, volunteered to serve on the Town Council for the current year. On the first official nomination day

‘there were no candidates. We hope

that when their terms expire Mayor Stewart and his colleagues will be glad that they assumed a civic duty and privilege. :

<

* a

Homer A. Tomlinson, an American who calls himself the “king of the world”, is on a tour of Europe and Africa, proclaiming his right to world rule. He wears a rich blue robe and a glided iron crown. Wherever he stops, he goes through a coronation ceremony. News about fools is, of course, commonplace; but it. has

_ been a long time since we heard of_

one who practices his folly on a world scale. .

After four and a half years of °

bitter struggle, hopes are materializ- ing for a settlement of the crisis in Cyprus, which may lead to indepen- dence of the island by the end of the year. The premiers of Greece and Turkey have agreed to such a settlement, and the British Govern- ment, which has reserved commem so far, is believed to welcome it. To- day has beén set for a conference on the subject. The proposed settle- ment includes provision for a Greek-

. Cypriot president, a Turkish-Cyp-

riot vice president and a single leg- islative chamber giving two-thirds

of the seats to the Greek commun.

ity and one-third to the Turkish group. The vice-president would have the power to veto policies af- fecting which is 40 miles from Cyprus, and the position of the minority Turkish- Cypriots.

' many. Even Mikoyan mentioned

the security of Turkey,

NOT MUCH WARMTH THERE

\

Our Trade With Britain

Teronte Glohe and Mail}

How much longer will Britain} be willing to purchase from Can-! ada more than half as much again- as Canada purchases from her? | The answer is: Not very much longer. We have that answer from | Britain's own Trade Minister, Sir | David Eccles. —

In a speech in London this week Sir David told the Cana- | dian Chamber of Commerce of Great Britain that the imbalance of trade between the two coun- tries was ‘“‘terrifying.’’ Pointing | om that no other country in the) world had as large a trade sur-| plus with Britain as Canada did he warned: “It goes bard with many people in this country that | Canada earns 80 much more here than it buys.”

ON BOTH POINTS ° \.

Sir David is right—both in fact; and in principle. Britain makes no insistence on precisely bal- ancing her trade with other | countries; she has surpluses in| some cases, deficits in others. But they are moderate ones; as, for | example, in her trade with West | Germany. During 1958 British}

exports to that country averaged 10 millian pounds a month, with British imports from that coun try average 11 million a month. Again, British exports to the United States averaged 22 million pounds a month last year, while her imports from the United Stat. es averaged 28 million pounds. With Canada, was a@ very different story. There were months of last year when Bri- tain bought more than twice as much from Canada as Canada bought from her. In September, 1958. for example, Britain pur-

| chased goods from Canada to the

value of 25.7 million pounds: Canada, meanwhile. purchased goods from Britain to the value of 12.4 million pounds. Averaging

the months out, we get a figure:

of 25.3 miltion pounds for Bri- tain's imports from Canada. and one of 15.5 million pounds for Britain's exports to Canada SUMMING UP

To sum up, Canada was ‘and likely still is! selling 60 per cent more to Britain than she was buying from Britain. This might

be comprehensible if Britain did not make the kind of things | which Canada requires; if, that is, Britain were one of the under- developed countries. But in fact, Britain's; huge, efficient and highly competitive industries manufacture just about every- thing which Canada needs to im-|

port i So why dont we buy more from her?

And why shoul wi feel any surprise if she elects. at | some point, to buy less from us? Canadians may not be aware, ) but a good many Britons are. | that during the last: 10 years. (1949 to 1958 inclusive’ Canada) has sold very nearly twice as) much to Britain as she has, bought from Britain. Our exports to Britain during those 10 years totalled 2.9 billion pounds ($8.1) billion’ and our imports from her | totalled 1.5 billion pounds $4.2) billion’. We thus had a trade sur- plus with her ‘and she had a trade deficit with us)-of almost four billion dollars i

This is not good business. It is| not good business for Britain and | it is not. in the end, good business | for Canada. Sir David Eccles | has warned us that there is such! a thing as an end. and that we

are heading toward it

PUBLIC FORUM

This column ts open to the discus |

sion by correspondents of question c. |

interest. The Guardian does not nesee

sarily endorse the opinion of corres pondents

A LOST PRIVILEGE

disappointing to learn of President Eisenhower's decision not to accept Russia's invitation te visit their great country .

How hard it is to understand | just who-is ruling that great na- tion to our south. One thing sure, | it is not the common man [that | loves his home, friends and fam- ily.

In such a visit could not Eisen hower have shown to the Rus:

Sir,—-How

~

- sian people what a great nation

is with so many free thinking institutions and great manufacturing industries with high standards of living, and not to forget to tell those people the amount of goods and materia! she freely contributed to Russia to help win the war against Ger-

America

this as a good reason for more triendly relations ‘pis privilege may not always be, as Russia can sour on our cold, indifferent, arrogant attitudes.

Are we not slow to acknow- ledge the progress Russia has made since 1917 when 98 percent of her people could neither read

or write and today she is able |

to give financia! help to half the world. When Mikoyan was e1- tertained at the Ford and Gen- eral Motors banquet did he not tell them that his country and the United States could work to- gether in this world in the same way as General Motors and Ford carry. on-in America.

Nevertheless behind al! this talk, U. §. capitalists, through their mouthpiece Mr. Dulles, have no intention of recognizing Com- munist Russia or China. They will risk war rather than move one inch, and yet we claim Rus- sia is responsible for all this cold war talk. For instance, Russia wants to make Berlin a Free City under the United Nations. A very. fine move such as_ this could lead to a free election: for all Germany. Of course, the idea ls a Russiant move so that con- demns it 100 percent.

When Mikoyan was here there weren't many, if any, good re- marks spoken in his favor, yet not a word of insult passed through his lips of America. In fact he bestowed honour upon her more than once. Some fnay say this was only wise d'plo- macy. Well, that is what we need right now—wise diplomacy” and wise words. ‘‘No insulis, please."

We must remember too, that many of their rulers, including Mikoyan, rose to vice-premier from a farmer, miner, and even

which

lived in buts made of dung and

Harnessing The Zambeze

National Geographic Journal

The taming of Africa's mighty Zambeze River is adding a new feature to maps of the continent.

Construction of a dam in Kari- ba Gorge, downstream from Vic- toria Falls. is creating a vast inland sea that will: cover 1.250, 000 acres and stretch 175 miles

The lake will take several years | have more than. four times the capacity of Hoow- | banks. In his

to fill. Kk will

er Dam’'s Lake Mead. one of the

ed countryside on the border of Northern and Southern Rhodesia.

The hydroelectric station is ex- | supply | of the power |

pecied. eventually. to neariv 9) percent needs of the Rhodesian-Nyasa- land Federation

HELD UP WORK‘

Harnessing the Zambeze is not only vital to central Africa's economy, particularly that of the Northern Rhodesian copper belt; it is a victory over nature

clay, and not even college edu- cated. Perhaps it is their humble

ancestry we don't like. Of course |

they have taken many Hives for some day, even now I think, they feel a bit guilty. But this nation is sobering “up from a revolution of which all nations at some time have been enzag- ed. We never yet read where they hanged a man for siealing a loaf of bread, and yet we did ft. . a ‘

I understand Mr. Reuther, of the Auto Workers Ugion. gave Mikoyan an awful balwing out for not allowing big unions in Russia. My verdict to Reuther, the Auto Union Boss, is that those big, expensive cars his men are turning out are the chief cause of all depressions—even to- day causing people to live far above their means, and starving many other legitemate industries.

One thing more I must men- tion as the reason for the United States officials being so indepen- dent and _ indifferent towards Russia, is that many of thém never lived in a bombed-out city, or had their families and friends killed like rats. Let us recall Co- ventry, London, Berlin and Mos- cow. Do we not now understand

why the Prime Minister of Bri-

tain, Mr. MacMillan, is about to vist Moscow, and I don't think he asked Unelg Sam’s permission either. Personally, the nearest to

a bursting bomb for me was over;

the, radio one day when the Ger- mans were bombing the British Broadcasting Station in London. Phe vibration was carried around the world. I wonder if Mr> Dulles was listening in at that time.

T am, Sir, ete . HARRY PRIDHAM Alberton, P. E. L

as.!.

| river;

well. Local natives never thought for an instam that man could subdue the river, and floods in two successive years seemed to bear them out. The rampaging waters swept away bridges and equipment. but the dam. wall | heid

The Zambeze is not a patrician river. No metropolises adorn its book, “Zambesi River,”” J.F. MacDonald prescrib

| largest man-made reservoirs in’ eg certain precautions for any the world | foreigner who would travel its 1, The dam rises in wild, seclud- 600 miles from the African plat-

eau to Mozambique Channel The voyager must be prepared

te take regular doses of mepac-

rine; sleep under a mosquito net;

avoid poisonous snakes, enraged elephants, buffaloes. and rhinos; elude hungry crocodiles rog- ue hippo bulls: refrain from bathing in certain parts of the and shoot rapids. : s

Yet the Zambeze has moments of great beauty. These are nar- row, shaded backwaters and the rainbow mists of Victoria’ Falls, extraordinary camyons where the river grinds hungrily into sol- id rock, cascades ‘frothing be. tween islands of palm, and plac- es where giant wild figs lean languidly over calm. green water. :

Though: one of its headstreams issues from Angola, the Zam- beze rises principally in North- ern Rhodesian marshes that are some 5,000 feet above sea level. The river flows through Barotse- land. an enormous plain that it floods each yar, driving tribes- men and animals to the higher bush country.

FALLS DISCOVERED

The river's leisurely course is broken at Victoria Falls, which were discovered and named by Livingstone in 1855. There the river vanishes abruptly into a sudden crack in its black, basal- tie bed. The chasm is 34 feet deep and only 80 feet wide at its narrowest. Columns of mist rise for thousands of feet, and the earth trembles under the thunder.

Flowing eastward, the Zam- beze is joined by large tributar- ies. It cuts through hills, includ- ing those of Hariba~ Gorge. Then the river strains through ° its huge delta—a fertile and pros- perous part of, Mozambique. River boats steam seaward, car- rying cotton, maize, and sisal from upland stations, copra and cashew nuts from the delta.

The Zambeze is an internation-

al river governed partly by treaty partly by internation- al law. presemt great prom-

ise fulfills the prophetic words of Livingstone, its first European

| Make Diagnosis"

.

-loss that causes so much unhap-

| ment than sound.

boil or chliorinate drinking water: }

no dangerous |

Not Easy To.

It is not the loss of~hearing that is so bad. That might be treated effectively if found in time. It is undetected hearing

pines. s. a

There are many signs that might indicate hearing difficul- ties.

Wf your’ child doesn't appear eager about his school work, maybe hearing trouble prevents his complete participation in classwork—and homework, too. OTHER SIGNS

If he is mean to pets, if he deliberately disobeys and ap- pears. stubborn, it might be a good idea to have his ears checked. ;

Of course, thére are many more obvious clues. Hearing im- pairment might be suspected if your youngster:

Seems more aware of move

Frowns or has a strained ex- pression when listening

Watches a speaker's face, es- pecially his lips.

Becomes inattentive.

SIMILAR SOUNDS ; Confuses words that sound alike. Has poor articulation | Develops an unusual quality te

his voice.

Has phonetic difficulties in spel- ling.

With so many symptoms to work with, it would seem that all parents would be well aware) of their children’s hearing abili- tiesm

But they aren't.

QUESTION AND ANSWER W. L. M.: What-is a fungus

infection? H allowed to progress

without treatment what’ may be) the result?

Answer: A fungus infection is an infection with an organism of the yeast and mold family. It

may be local, as on the skin: of |.

may involve internal organs such as the lungs, brain or kidney, | where it can be very serious. Some untreated fungus infec- tions remain mild; others cab get progressively worse In any | case. a doctor should be consult-| ed |

interior be free to all, and in | stead of wretched forest on an) acre of ground, let real colonies | be made. Instead of military es- | tablishments and convicts, let jmmigrants come and restore prosperity.”

| OUR YESTERDAYS

| (From The Guardian Files)

TWENTY—FIVE YEARS AGO* (Feb. 17, 1934)

| Much. satisfaction has been ex-

| pressed by local war veterans at

| the announcement of the promo-

| tion of Li.,Col. U. G. Dawson, | V.C.. Bedeque, to the rank of Colonel. He ‘will command the | 18th. Jnfantry Brigade, which

drills annually at Aldershot, N.S.

| A total of 468 passengers, tra- | yelling on excursion rates, came | to the City yesterday on the var- ious trains. Of this number 104 came in on the evening, train | from Borden and the western | part of the province, 106 on the afternoon train from Summerside, R1 on the morning train from the west, 118 on the eastern train and 60 on the Murray Harbour train. 4

TEN YBARS AGO « (Feh, 17, 1949)

Uf Island lobstermen have their way this year, the annual race to establish their, stands “on the lobster fishing grounds, will start at 7 a.m. on the opening day, ac- cording to the results of the bal- lot announced last night by Mr. ‘Sidney Burhoe, president of the PE. |. Fisheries Federation. The usual hour for the beginning of lobster fishing was at six a.m., until last year when it was changed to midnight.

The diesel - operated electric power plant at O'Leary was de- stroyed by fire last night. Loss was estimated at approximately $25,000. As a result of the fire some 190 ‘customers in O'Leary village and the area infmediately surrounding it were without pow- *r. Proprietor of the plant, Mr. Fred Champion said last night he had no immediate plans for re building.

MOB VIOLENCE

ZACATECAS, Mexico ‘(AP)— The mayor and chief of police of Juchipiia were shot to death as they attempted to calm an angry mob of local residents, many of them women. Three members of the crowd were \illed and six were wounded be- fore the distrubance over rent collections was put down by sol- diers and police.

TOY MAKERS TOUR, __

TOKYO (AP)A delegation of toy makers left Tokyo Sunday on a tour of Western Europe and the United States to seek means of stepping up Japanese toy ex-

explorer; “‘Let the path inte the) ports.

that Mr. Diefenbaker has

returned to ‘a small sea of.

troubles’ after his Commonwealth tour. He has, of course, the life- helt’ of the largest. majority. in history,—Ottawa Journal

mails to gourmets in Switzer- ‘land. Unfortunately, the Snails had. climbed out of the eee

We have almost arrived at the point where the automobile has become the foundation of our na- tional existence.

We have pampered and petted this gas buggy of 3 years ago until it has grown into a monster.

We have shaped and built our

‘| scheme of things around this me-

chanica] parasite and now we must continue to live with it or see our national economy severe-_ ly strained. We have allowed -it to undermine mass transportation by rail.—Kitchener-Waterloo Re- cord

Benn

CLAY

Around old farmsteads there's a sme! of mold,

+ And in the cellars it is always |

musty ‘From vinegar and apples, I've been told):

The beams are cobwebbed, and |

the rafters dusty.

Often the flags are slippery to the foot

When one goes to the milkhouse through the grapes:

The litter in the lofts ie flecked with soot—

Old bottles, screens, and kettles, awkward shapes Of stoneware jugs, ward to the haying One time too often strength of clay:

gone field-

for the

There's hardly anything that’s |

not decaying. But that's quite fitting, for gold heads go gray. Pie

Strong hands get horny, grow rheumatic,

muscies

And men as well as things go to |

the attic. ;

—George F. Dell in The Atlantic

| ene respect Russian women have

more freedom than American wo- men.—Moose Jaw Times-Herald

records, reports a British physi- cian. In swimming events the peak age for best performers

“seems consistently to be in the teens, especially so far as tie women are concerned’. The — writer attributes this to the com- bimation of fat for buoyancy and muscle for power and aggressive- ness.—British Medical Journal

One may excuse the contestant who, on the Johnny Carson quiz show last week. identified Nova Scotia as being “the largest sea- port on the West eoast of Can ada’ Americans have always been hazy about Canadian geo graphy. and vice versa. In any case. what's 2.300 miles between friends?

But statesmen are something different. On the same New York show, also last week, contestants were asked: In what year was John Diefenbaker elected as Prime Minister of Canada: One deciared it was in 1802: another, in 1990. We should hope to think Canadians would do a shade bet- ter if asked to say when Dwight D. Eisenhower was elected Pre | sient of .the United States. — | Globe and Mail, Toronto

MAXIMS

I consider loyalty the greatest | characteristic trait needed in an | executive. °

i '

eee

| @pastic Colitis (functional irritation of

the colon or jarge intestine’. is causing

} thousands to suffer from dull aches er |

| burning pains im the side. Gas, Heart-

| purn, Biliousness, Nervousness. Bad Breath. D:rziness Burning of Stomach,

+ Loss of Sleep and Pep. EX you suffer from Spastic Colitis. ordinary stomach medie eine won't help much. You really nee@

| KOLADE POWDERS which work three

| ways to relax tense intestine musc’es.

soothe sore mucus membranes and check

acidity. It is not s laxative but works te help mature. Don't suffer another day without trying KOLADE " Bat- isfaction er money back. At al! Gr ug stores.

j 7

D ccavtneraenivemantssiniamnpmsigniniatianiineinaiy

Now ts the time to order your chicks.

SEE US TO-DAY

CHICKS

DILLON & SPILLETT LTD.

} CHICK HATCHERY 70 QUEEN ST. CH’TOWN, P.E.I. DIAL 3626

We sell Purina and Purina Check-R-Mix

Chick Starter

.

YOU MAY SU

Although you cannot stop er the earthquake, or alway

ae

few mintites. Why take chan

The only safeguard is

- Supplemental Covers. on ~- z

Insurance

Insurance Underwriters, is at

* CHARLOTTETGQWN * MONTAGUE

IN THE MJDST OF SUCCESS

economic wall by means of Insurance. A lifetime of gathering and saving may dMsappear in a

adequate Insurance, Consult our Agents, or writee or call

HYNDMAN & COMPANY LTD.

Our experience of over three-quarters of a century as

AGENTS

+

FFER DISASTER!

the windstorm, or the lightning. s the fire. you can erect an

ces? including -

Since 1872

your ‘disposal

* SUMMERSID- * ALBERTON _\

IF YOUR GUARDIAN IS LATE... OR MISSED

DIAL

Special delivery service

missed.

and a paper will be delivered right to your door.,

a.m. to 9:00 a.m. if your

6561

available between 8:30 paper is late — or :

ED'S ae

173 Great George St. Ed's Slogan:

.

For the Fastest Service In Town, call

“To maintain the goodwill of those whom we serve — the goal for which we strive!”

TAXI

6561

' Charlottetown