«ran BOUNDARY QUESTION. ' (From the Montreal Gazette.) We have always been among those who have both do l’loréd and-disapproved of the‘great, and we are gfigidfihe unnecessary delay which has taken. place in, coming to some final settlement on=the subject of the mammary question. That delay has not only been at— tended with a great deal of expenswe and Warm discussion between both nations, but has tended to throw doubts and difficulties around the main ques- '.tion at issue : thus affording the grasping and unprin- .‘cipled authorities of the United States various oppor- tunities of throwing obstacles in the way of an ad- justment of the question, so as to enable them to ac- cumulate every' possible means, no matter whether .founded- on fact or not, of proving the justice of their claims to .theterritory in dispute. We have already ' .nlluded to the false, and, we may safely add, the for- .ged maps, which, by characteristic trickery, they con- itrived to enter among the proceedings relating to the decision Of this dispute, and the attempt made to found an argument upon a survey which was never made. We had no time, however, until now, to allude to another false position, which, as appears fi‘om the late Report of Col. Mudge and Mr. Featherstonhaugh, Elias been assumed, all along, by the Americans. 'We mean, of course, the great and unpardonable ' blunder committed, in 1817, by the Surveyor Gener- al of this Province, (Mr. Bouchette.) We have always entertained a iigh personal respect for that .ofiicer. He has produced literary and scientific works, which do him infinite credit, and which,.more ithan any others that we know of, have exhibited .the capabilities of this Province as a superior field for enterprize and industry. But this will not pre- went us from marking our disapprohation of the con- , r‘duct,’ and, we fear, the ignorance, of Colonel Bou- tchette, with respect to the boundary question, as dis- :closed by the late Commissoners, in their Report, .now so. generally before the public. We were, iii- «deed, aware, that the views of the Surveyor General zdid not exactly coincide with claims advanced by Government with regard to this most important question. But we were previously totally ignorant of the share which he had hiinselfiii throwing doubts over those just claims, and in propping up the oppo- site demands of the Americans. The Surveyor Gen- eral has much to account for ; but we are not disposed to blame him in any other terms than those a plied to his conduct by the Commissioners. What, ' such a Commission as the late one had never been appointed? [Why, as heretofore, the Imperial G0- vernment, acting on the information of one of its own oflicers, and urged by the false preteiices of the United States, founded on such information, might, in an unguarded hour, be induced to give up the point ; and thus completely destroy the integrity of the British Empire on this Continent. Such are the serious events that might arise out of the mere blunderings of a Provincial officer. But we have reason to be thankful that it is otherwise ; and that those blunderings are now so thoroughly exposed, as to be of no avail whatever to those who have hitherto endeavoured to make so much of them. That part of the Report of the Commissioners, which relates to this point, is so important in itself, and so explanatory of the foregoing observations, which have been merely prompted by a sense of our ublic duty, that we are compelled to suhjoin it. It is as follows :—

“ It being necessary in the execution of our duty to report the true elevation above the sea of that point where the oflicial agents of Maine place their N orth- west angle of New Brunswick, it has appeared to us not less necessary to account, ifpossible, for the wide difference between the 400 feet which we report, and the “ from 2,000 to 3,000 feet” reported to their government by the commissioners of Maine. It is with great reluctance, therefore, that we state our conviction that it has originated in a singular delu- sion on the part of Col. Bouchette, her Majesty’s Surveyor General of Lower Canada ; we therefore proceed, as our duty enjoins us, to put your Lordship in possession of the truth, with regard to a mistake which we think has had much to do in creating in the United States erroneous ideas respecting the line claimed in that country as the “highlands” of the trait of 1783. .

e have already stated that Col. Bouchette was associated b’the joint commission, in 1817, with Mr. Johnson, the American surveyor, for the purpose of running an exploratory North line, and Colonel Bouchette, after conducting the exploratory line, reported a section of elevations to the commission ;under the following title :

“ Section showing the different heights of land between the monuments at the source ofthe Saint Croix, and the first waters of the Restigouclie at the extremity of the exploring line.”

,This section, which bears the official signature of “Jos. Bouchette, S. General,” exhibits an inclined profile of the country from the monument at the source of the St. Croix, to the Great Waggansis, a stream flowing into the Restigouche, with several of the streams intersected by the due North line in its course.

we shall accompany this report with a copy of Colonel Bouchettc’s section,* which is altogether erroneous. All the points on the motion being visited by one universal error which pfi'vades it, we shall only specify one of those points, viz. : that where the due North line strikes the St. John. This point, the height of which we know by repeated barome- trical measurements, and by actual hand level made from tide water to the Great Falls of the St. John, does not exceed 300 feet above the level of the sea. Colonel Bouchette has put it down at 1,850 feet, making that point 1,000 feet above the level of the monument, and the monument 850 icet above the level of the sea. _

As the section of Colonel Bouchette proceeds far- ther to the north, it proportionately ascends ; so that .the Great Waggansis is made to stand at 2,050 feet ,above the level of the sea, when probably its true

' The original section has a perpendicular scale at .each extremity, which gives the elevation ofthe different points. 'We have been obliged, on account ofthe dimi- nutive scale upon which we have copied the original, vidfi, map 8, No. 5, to express the figures in Engliin feet, in the same line with the names of the points indicated. Beneath our copy of Colonel Bouchette‘s section, we Shave laced, by way ofcomparison, an outline nfour -“ Section of the country along the due north line,” ~wbich is on the margin of Map A; with a few corres- _pondiog.elev'ations at different points, in order to illus- .trate more clearl the great disproportions between the ,4wo sections, and, which is at once seen by the following

gable; Col. Bouchette‘s The Section Section. below. The Monument ...... .. 450 Park’s ............... .. '770 'Meduxnnkeag river .. 270 -Presqu’ilc river ......... .. 1,] 80 180 ;I.:ind S. ofMars Hill.. ],470 ,500 .Goosequick ............... .. l ,350 200 River Des Chutes 1,383 200 dinnstuc river ..... .. .1,470 180 zRiver St. Johns. . 1,850

Great Waggania. iver 2,065

-

' elevation is only aboiit 350. Reverting then to the

assa e uotEd from the report of the _Mame com- iiiissigneiis, where theysay that the Metis is 531 feet; higher than the Restigouche and its branches, an adding that height 'to the 2,050 feet allowed to the W aggansis, We have a total of 2,581 feet to represent; what they have stated would be between twa an three thousand feet. _'

’ We cannot doubt that this is the process by which they have arrived at their concluSion, and that their fallacious estimate is not the result of any observa- tions made by themselves. To Colonel Bouchette s error of 1,700 feet they have added a conjectural elevation between the Restigouche and Lake Metis, equally erroneous, making the 'sum total of error equal to 2,150 feet. We add that it is quite impOSSible for any surveyors having but _a slight practical _ac- quaintance with the nature of inequalities prevailing over the surfaces of countries, not to have perceived, whilst passing over that part of the country which is the subject of these estimates, that such estimates would be rejected as altogether erroneous, when its elevation was properly examined. But in proofliow small the elevation of the surface at this part is, the previous reports of the American surveyors them- selves may be quoted. Mr. Johnson, in his. report to the American agent, filed May 22, 1818, gives some description of the country, through which the North line was run from the St. J ohn’s River to the Wag- gansis, at the ninety-ninth mile. He says :— .

“After rising the northwardly bank of the Saint John, we found the country mostly flat and swampy, until about the ninety-first mile, where a moderate ridge divides the waters of Falls River, fi‘om those of Grand River. North of Grand River, between the 03111 and 94th miles, is a ridge, which, though probably higher than any land We had passed over on the line, appears not to be oi any c0ns1derable extent. From this to the 98th mile We passed through a large swamp, which gives rise to the VVag- gaiisis of the Grand River.”

Such is the character of the country all the way fl‘Oll] the St. John River to the north bank of the Quotawamkedgwic, a tributary of the Restigouche, being, in fact, a succession of swamps with occasi- onal low ridges of limited extent ; the apparent height of the country being increased to the eye of inexperienced persons, by the deep beds which the Restigouche and its branches, especially the Quo- tawnmkedgwic, have worn. Alter the ascent of the hill on the north bank of this last stream, the coun- try descends gently the whole way to the point where the exploratory North line strikes the stream which runs into Lake Metis. Now the point where the exploratory North line leaves the Saint John is only 300 feet above the level of the sea ; it is evident, therefore, fi‘om what has been stated, that there is nothing on the whole line from thence to the Metis that can farther raise the general elevation of the country to any great extent ; and as to the occasion- al ridges which have been alluded to, there is not one of them, even if it had any continuity, that has any connexion with that line of highlands claimed by tl'icssllnited States as \the highlands of the treaty of 17 .

UNITED STATES. (From the New York Herald.)

STATE or THE Cowman—The whole country is in a state of intense excitement in relation to the coming Presidential election in November. Nearly all the recent state elections have gone against Mr. Van Buren, and there is more than a probability to believe that General Harrison will be our next pre- sident. This will give an entirely new turn to business matters, and speculations ofall kinds will once more flourish.

We are at peace with all our neighbours, except the Florida Indians; but there is great excitement in the south, on account of the interference ofGreat Britain in the social institutions of our southern planters. And out of this will grow a very serious question immediately after the Presidential election.

Business of all kinds is gradually reviving; and those who were prudent during the years of specu— lation, are now doing a safe and profitable cash business. Every thing in the way of trade appears to be obtaining firmer and more extensive basis than ever.

Money is plenty in this city, but can only be ob- tained on the most unexceptionable security.

The crop of corn will be greater than ever was known in this country. The cotton crop is expected to be very large, although seine good judges think it will fall short of last year.

Captain Talcott and Professor Renwick, the U. S. Ceiiiiiiissioners appointed to explore the North-Eas— tern Boundary Line, have had a colleague assigned to them from the Topographical Bureau, to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Professor Cleavelaiid. Major James Graham, who has lately been employed in the determination of the Boundary which divides us from Texas, is the officer appointed. The high personal and professional character of these three gentlemen will, it is hoped, enable them to lay a report before Congress which can be de- pended upon as a basis, upon which to frame an arrangement between the two countries.

ASSASSIN.iT10N.—The Montreal Courier states that a few days since Lieutenant Farquhar, of Col. Dyer’s corps of volunteers, was shot at Phillipsburg by Capt. McAdam, of the same corps, and died soon after his wound. They had quarrelled at mess the previous evening. The assassin was arrested.

LET'I‘ AGAiN—flqueduct blown MIL—The aqueduct of the Welland Canal, which crosses Chippewa Creek, was blown up early on Saturday morning, with a terrible explosion, while two schooners were in it ; one of which settled down in the chasm made by the explosion, the other fell over on her beam ends. The navigation is of course stopped, until the damages can be repaired. There is every reason to Suppose that it was the work of the miscreant Lett, who recently made his escape while on his way to the residence of such scoundrels at Auburn.-Roche8— ter Democrat.

The Bishop of Nancgl,

_ in France, a celebrated preacher, has arrived at

ontreal.

There has been a most disastrous drought at Jamaica, and the coffee crops are nearly destroyed.

THE ©©E©NEAEI EEEAEALDDO

MTURDJ] Y, SEPTEMBER 19, 1840.

Liverpool on \Vednesday morning. The mail for this Island reached Pictou yesterday afternoon, from whence they were forwarded by the steamer Cape Breton, which vessel arrived here this morning, between one and two Olclock. The most prominent articles of news will be found in the annexed sum-

.mery-

The Royal Mail steamship arrivedat Halifax from F

Halifax, Wednesday Morning, 16. . . The fine Steamer Britannia, which paid us a Visn so recently, arrived again this .morning, in 11 and a half days from England,:bringing 85 assengers. h His Excellency Lord Viscount ALitLANi), t 'e future Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia, With his Lady and Son, came passengers in her. His Excel- lency is welcome to our shores. He landed at 10 o’clock, under a salute, attended by a Guard of hon- our, and will, we understand, be sworn in to-morrow. The Britannia brings papers to the 4th inst. We give below a summary of their contents. The-Par- liamentary Session had closed, and the Ministry stood firm. His Excellenc the Governor General has been elevated to the _ Baron Sydenham, “ of Sydenham in Kent, and To- ronto in Canada.” . ' The Mails landed from the Britannia, were con-

' ' J bao's. \

tamed m GI ° « LONDON, AUG. 14. PROROGATION 0F PARLIAMENT. _

On Tuesday Her Majesty prorogued Parliament with the usual ceremonies. The Queen _was accom- panied by Prince Albert, who occupied a seat in the House of Lords erected for him on the left of his consort. The King and Queen of the Belgians occupied seats on‘Her Majesty’s right. Her Majesty appeared to be in excellent health and spirits, and delivered the following speech With a clear and dis- tinct voice: .

My Lords and Gentlemen ; .

The state of public business enables me to close this Session of Parliament; and in releasing you from your attendance, I have to thank you for the care and atten- tion with which you have discharged your important duties.

I continue to receive from Foreign Powers, assurances of their fi‘icndly disposition, and oftlieir anxious desire for the maintenance of peace. . _ ' .

I congratulate you upon the termination of the (:lVll war in Spain. The objects for which the quadruple engage- ments of1834 were contracted having now been nccom- plislied, I am in communication with the Queen of Spain, with a view to withdraw the naval force which, in pursuance of those engagements, I have hitherto stationed on the northern coast ofS ain.

[am happy to inform you that the differences with the government of Naples, the grounds and causes of which have been laid before you, have been put into a train of adjustment by the friendly mediation of the King of the French.

I rejoice also to acquaint you that the Government of Portugal has made arrangements for satisfying certain just claims ofsonie of my subjects, and for the payment ofa sum due to this country under the stipulations ofthe convention of1827.

I am engaged, in concert with the Emperor of Austria, the King ofPrussia, the Emperor of Russia, and the Sul- tan, in measures intended to effect the permanent pacifi- cntion ofthe Levant, to maintain the integrity and inde- pendence of the Ottoman Empire, and thereby afi'ord additional security for the peace of Europe.

The violent injuries inflicted upon some of my sub— jects by the oflicers ofthe Emperor of China, and the in- dignities offered to an agent of my Crown, have compel- led me to send to the coast of China a naval and military force, for the purpose of demanding reparation and re- dress.

I have gladly given my assent to the Act for the regu- lation of Municipal Corporations in Ireland.

I trust that the law which you have framed for further carrying into effect the reports ofthe Ecclesiastical Com- missioners will lint’e the beneficial effect of increasing the efficiency of the Established Church, and of better providing for the religious instruction of my pas le.

I have observed with much salisfiiction the result of your deliberations on the subject of Canada. It will be my duty to execute the measures which you have adopt- ed in such a manner as, without impairing the executive authority, may satisfy the best wishes of my subjects, and provide for the permanent welfare and security of my North American provinces.

The legislative bodies of Jamaica have applied them- selves to the preparation of laws rendered necessary or expedient by the altered state ofsociety. Some of these laws require revision and amendment, butI have every reason to expect cordial assistance from the Assembly of Jamaica, in the salutary work of improving the condi- tion and elevating the character ofthe inhabitants oftlizit colony. The conduct of the emancipated negroes throughout the West Indies has been remarkable for tranquil obedience to the law, and a penccuble demean- our in all the relations ofsocial life.

Gentlemen oft/w House of Commons ;

I thank you for the supplies which you have granted for the service of the year.

I lament that it should have been necessary to impose additional blirtlicns upon my people; but I trust that the means which you have adopted for the purpose ofmecting the exigencies of the public service are calculated to press with as little severity as possible upon all classes of the community.

My Low/s and Gentlemen ;

In returning to your respective counties, you will resume those duties which you perform so much to the public benefit and advantage. It is my anxious desire to maintain tranquillity at home and peace abroad. To these objects, so essential to the interests ol'tliis country, and to the general welfare of mankind, my efforts will )e Sincerely and unremittineg directed; and feeling assured ufyour co-opcration and support, I humbly rely

upon the supvcrintendiug care and continued protection of Divine Provulence.

(From the London Spectator, flag. 8.)

Whilst France is engaged in manifesting her strength and spirit to foreign powers, a wild attempt to excite civil war has been made by Louis Napo- leon, a maniac of the Bonaparte family. On Thurs- day morning, he made a descent, as it is termed, upon Boulogne, with about fifty followers ; they marched to the barracks, and endeavoured to seduce the soldiers from their allegiance ; the National Guards were called out, when the Prince and his followers were obliged to flee. They were fired at in then’ retreat, and several were killed in their at- tempts to reach the steamboat that took them to Boulogne from England. 7 Some few ibrcibly took possessmn of horses, and tried to escape ; but most of them were secured.

All the accounts from Rome agree that the health of the. Pope is considerably improved. By order of his Highness, the treaty which is to be concluded between the Court of Reine and that of Portugal is that the latter is to bind itself in the most express {manner to renounce the negro slave trade. This is a point which we know it would never concede to England—Gazette de France.

INspititisc'riON AT LISBON.—A second edition of the flutes communictes the particulars of an insurrec- tion which broke out in Lisbon on the night of the 11th and 12th instant. The movement was not di- l‘epted against the Queen or the constitution, but the ministry ; all immediate danger was averted by the firmness of the troops.

Her Majesty has appointed the Earl of Aboyne to be a Lord of the Bedchamber, in the place of Lord Falkland.

The 14th, 70th, 74th, and 89th Regiments, from Jamaica, are ordered for North America ; the 64th Regiment. is to relieve the 23rd at Nova Scotia, which relieves the 66th in Canada ; 24th 32d, 34th,

Efficind 93d Regiments are to come home

cerage, by the title of '

1"