Agrloultu

ral Iiews

r. in l. uonartumt or Agriculture

The Composition and Feeding properties of Certain Basie Feeds

To be succeufui as a livestock 1:,-eder, a working knowledge of the characteristics and feeding properties of the more commonly used feeding vatuffs is necessary.

BAILEY IOR:

Dairy Cattle:

Earle! contains approximately 12.5 crude protein and is conse- quently higher in total digestsble nutrients thsn oats but barley suf- fers from a deficiency of fat which may tend to make the feed less palatable to certain classes of stock. Related to its low fat con- tent barley is also low in lime and vitamin A though basal feeds as 3 group are not important sources or this fat-soluble Vitamin.

This grdin should always be crushed or ground for daily cattle. Too fine grinding lsundesirable as finely ground barley may become pasty in the mouth and conse- quently unpalatable. For feeding purposes barley should not con- rtitute more than one-third to one- hslf of the grain portion of the ration.

Beef Cattle:

As for dairy cattle, barley should be crushed or ground for beef cattle for putting cattle in condi- tion for show or sale. .Barley ls 2-specially valuable, being noted for producing a particular smooth and mellow finish. For such pur- poses barley is often soaked in warm water for about twelve hours instead of being ground. Barley lay give satisfactory results when fed as the only grain to cattle, but sometimes they tire of it dur- ing long feeding periods. Also it is sometimes it tendency for cattle to bloat when fed barley as the only grain. In either of these condi- lions it is wise to mix ground oats ulth the barley.

Sheep:

Barley is very satisfactory grain for growing and feeding sheep or lambs not for breeding ewes, and it is used extensively on the range districts of the west. Soaking, grinding, or other preparations of barley for sheep feeding will sel- iom pay.

Swine:

About equal parts of barley and arts in a balanced hog finisher will produce satisfactory hog car- missed during the growing from 10 ueeks to 125 pounds of weight.

There should be approximately two or three times as much barley in the ration as there is outs for msxirnum growth. with respect to pig starter, it is usually more ad- visable as well ss profitable to buy

25 per cent ul-pose

i th bl amp .04! an arey for

Iwins:

While too bulky a feed for fat.- tknins hogs. oats made an useful addition to the brood-sow ration. For best results that should be ground as a fattening oats is rated 35 per cent less than barley. if de- llfnble. hownvar. they may be used up to one-third of the grain mixture for growing pigs. around oats from which the hull has been sifted is an excellent feed to be in- cluded in the young pig ration, cats that have become discolored from exposure to the weather are sometimes balanced with .surphur- oils acid fumes. the product being know as sulphered oats, no read. ing trials have been reported in which such oats were used, but reports indicated that there is some danger from them causing digestive troubles. In general they are to be advoided. When oats crushed is light due to kernels, it is a common practice for farmers to add some barley to the oats in or. der to increase the feeding value of the oats.

WHEAT FOR:

Of the cereal grains, wheat pro- teins are perhaps of the highest nullity. However. the amount of protein supplied by whest should be supplemented in order to meet requirements of balanced rations.

Wheat is very much like corn in its mineral content, suffering not only from a shortage of min. ersls but particularly from a short- age of calcium. This grain also contains an unbalanced mineral content, or being l2 or 13 times as much phosphorous as calcium are must be taken in using wheat to avoid fine grinding as it tends to become a pasty feed when finely ground. Because the kernel is hard, it should be cracked or coarsely ground for any class of stock.

Dairy Cattle:

In general, the feeding value of wheat for dairy cattle, is about the same as that of corn or barley and these two feeds are rather close substitutes for each other. Ground wheat is a heavy feed and should be mashed with bulky con- centrates for best results with this class of stock.

Beef Cattle:

Wheat is reported as being somewhat less palatable to feed cattle than is com or barley. This results in a lower feed intake and ultimately somewhat slower games. The game per unit of feed eaten. however, indicates a difference in nutritional value between wheat, corn, or barley. It should be crushed or ground for beef cattle

e .

a commercial pig booster to get the 16 d

ioung pigs of to an early start. Since the most economical gains are made when the pig is very young less feed being required to produce a pound of gain than when the pig is older. OATS FOR:

Although the protein found in this grain is of a better quality than that found in corn it is not a complete protein. Used in com- bination with other feeds however, it is quite satisfactory among the cereal grains. Oats carry a fair amount of total mineral matter. of this there is a very large supply of phosphorous and shortage of lime. Equally there is about four times as much of the former as of the latter. Animals need sp-

Horses:

Although sometimes feed to horses particularly in those countries where wheat is common for grain most horsemen prefer to free from its extensive use. For this class of stock the grain should be rolled or very coarsely cracked and to further prevent digestive troubles it should be mixed with bulky feeds such as bran or even with chopped hay.

lbeep:

Trials indicated that wheat is about equivalent to shelled corn for feeding lambs and slightly more palatable than barley. Care must be taken, however. in putting sheep on wheat that the grain is introduced in to the ration gradu-

proxlmately the same amount of my

each of these to mineral consti- tutes. and a ration carrying one in excess of the other may cause nutritional troubles. It should be noted that a large part of the phosphorous present is in the form nf Phytin which for non-rumen- snts is probably unavailable.

While this feed is classed with the fattening feeds, it hardly be- longs in this class. one of the nutstanding characteristics of this feed is the amount of hull present in the product, it amounts to nearly one-third of the weight of the feed. For some classes of stock this is an advantage, but with others it is a decided disadvantage. Horses for , seldom have dlizestable troubles from it. The large amount of hull in the feed detracts from its value as s fatten- ing feed and in practice it is us- ually considered more of a growth liromotlng than a fattening feed. All such it is particularly useful in the rations of breeding.

Dairy Cattle:

Oats is an excellent feed for miik production. This feed is also valuable as a part of the ration used for cows about to freshen Added to ration and incorporated the bulk being in the protein level, and in this way and sometimes used to lighten wiishi heavy mixture and should be crushed or around for cows in milk. For calves Just starting on grains” they might be better used whole.

Oats are not commonly fed in llrse amoun to beef cattle. al- though from a feeders point of view they are mainly fed to all classes and ages of breeding stock. For feeding purposes they are con- siderably less valuable than bar- Pl:

llensal

Oats are the standard grain for horse feed. The bulk due to the 30 per cent of bull which they Nifty. makes them a. safe feed. and unless they are musty or spoiled they rarely cause digestive troubles. New data may cause colic if fed in llrsv amounts. lxcepting for in- dividuals who have poor teeth it will seldom pay to grind oats for horses, although about 10 per cent is saved by such practice in the matter of grain used. Horses will do no better on oats than on any other properly balanced and pro- Wlv used ration. and it is often possible to affect a saving in the hed bill by substituting other lrlins. usually barley, for a part Jr all of the allowance.

Blue):

A mixture of an equal part-of 01!: and barley lliskas a very fine feed for lambs nswh weaned. Iran and cats are often used for owes during than I . Doc to that Mil 610,395 "W sans. They are rated about

- a

Swine :

when available at a reasonable price, wheat is a valuable ingredi- ent in the hay ration. shrunken wheat or frozen wheat may be used It should not be finely ground. It is of the pasty nature particularly when fed as a alop.

WHEAT BEAN

The wheat bran has been found to be of very good quality. Indeed it has recently been found of the beneficial effects of this feed in the ration.

Tbs feed is rich in phosphorous, although very low in its calcium or lime content. When used with other feeds or products which supply the lime needed, bran is us excel- lent feed for growing stock. Used alone or in rations, it is sometirhes conductive to rickets. This is due to the unbalanced condition of the phosphorous and lime in the feed The popularity of wheat born is due mainly to its bulk, pslatsbillty, and laxative effect in the ration. Its bulk bal-a it from use in cer- tsin rations, but in others, it is a decided advantage. This feed is decidedly a growth promoting feed.

Dairy Cattle:

This bulky, palatable, laxative feed is one of the most popular of all the feeds used for dairy cattle. It is especiaily-valu- ablo to cows lust previous to and after calving and for growing ani- mals. Economy, however. often re- quires its use in limited quantities

Beef Cattle:

For growing animals the ration is decidedly improved by the addi- tion of bran but- for other classes of beef cattle its use in any large amount is usually questionable for economy's sake. It is not used in fattening lsmbs because of its high Hut and low nutrient oontent.

Harem:

It is in horse feeding that the bran is made special use of. It is very helpful in keeping both mare and foal in condition. llbr the working horses. idle on lunday, the Saturday night feed of bran mash is the cheapest available against Monday morning slckneu. In some barns bran is fed every day. but the more common practice is that of feeding been at special times or periodically. In the former case not over one-fifth of the bar- ley ration should consist of bran.

lbeep:

Iran and cats or barley is a common feed for ewes and for lambs newly weaned. Aslda from that it is seldom used for sheep.

lwtnal

Rolled bran is too bulky lfor swlna although it is sometimes used the ration bafue ferrswlu for its lantive affects. 1t,ts not a fatten-

II for foed- Ill feed

Directlbns for making a bran

Flanagan - Gillie llilptlsis

A summer weddinl Wll l019m' nizsd at the Church of the Host Holy Redeemer. on July 30. It 3-30 Shirley.

a.” m.. when Catharine youngest dau ter of Mr. and Mrs. Daniel J. G became the bride

O-

of James-Ric a . son of Ml'l- Ind the late Reginald Flanagan. Char- lottetown. The double-rinl N11- monoy was performed by R9V- 3- G. Madlgan C.Ss.It., who also cele- brated the Nuptiai Mass. serving on the altar were the bride s Iro- ther Donald. assisted by Robert Buchanan. Appropriate hymns were sung by Frank Maclntyre. and daughter. Peggy. luoompsnlsd by Mr. Alex McLean on the organ. The church was decorrsted with baskets of sna dragons. while vllll lights sdorne the altar. The bride, given in marriage by her father, wore a floor-length dress of white nylon and lace over white satin. She carried a bouquet of pink roses. Her sister, Mrs. James 3. Gal- lsnt. as her bridesmaid. won a floor length dress of mauve nettinl over taffeta, and carried a bou- quet of yellow roses. The groom was attended by his brother. Edward. The mother of the bride chose for her daughter's wedding a grey suit with white accesso in an wore a corsage of white roses. The groom's mother wore a Ire! Him and white accessories and wore a corsage of pink carnatlons. The groom's gift to the bride was a white prayer book, to the groomsman a wallet and a cross and chain to the bridesmaid. Following the.ceremony a re- ception was held at the Queen Hotel where breakfast was served to approximately 50 guests. The bride's table was decorated with flowers and s three-tier wedding cake topped by a miniature bride and groom. Toasts were made by Rev. J. G. Msdlgan of the Holy Redeemer Parish. Rev. F. Corcoran of the Basilica Parish, also Mr. James A. Fullerton, to which the groom fittingly replied. The young couple left on their honeymoon through the Maritime: Provinces. .For travelling the bride chose a suit of grey. with pink accessories and wore a corsage of pink carna- tlons. g

On their return they will reside in Charlottetown.

mash are as follows: Put in a pail the amount of bran equal in bulk of the usual grain allowance, and pour hot water over it until a stiff mesh is obtained. Add a little salt. When cooled feed in place of the regular grain feed. SHORTS

The use of this feed for dairy oows is seldom Justified. It is un- palatable, heavy and pasty when eaten, and very less suitable for dairy cattle than wheat bran in spite of higher digestible troubles and total nutrient. The shorts are better never fed to beef cattle. Not only are they unsuitable for this purpose but are also usually too expensive. Bran is much preferred to shorts for all classes of sheep both for suitability and economy.

Due to its low fiber oontent, this feed is one of the popular hog feeds in game. The best results are obtained where it is fed in combination with skimmed milk. Ordinarily it is advisable to use some barley with the shorts rather than to use this product as the sole bran for brood sows. Bran is often prefered in shorts, although they are used with good results.

OIL MEAL FOR:

Oil Cake is consldereu one of the standard protein feed used for livestock. A part of this reputation is no doubt due to other factors than the protein content, but it is never the less regarded very high, for rations for young stock. and for feeding animals for show or for sale.

of the feeds of vegetable origin this feed is one of the richest in minerals which contains a fair sup- ply of lime and an abundance of phosphorous.

There is no more healthful feed for animals than oil meal, with its rich protein, its laxative oil, and its soothing properties. Due to its popularity it is often expensive. It is used, therefore, in relatively small amounts for its protein source rather than for its energy value.

Dairy Cattle:

Oil meal is one of the very valu- able feeds available for sows in milk due particularly to its high protein content.

Beef Cattle:

This feed is the standard pro- tein supplement for beef cattle in Canada. For the breeding herd it is used in smaller amounts. An sllowtnce of from one to three

,' pounds daily is usually enough to

balance the ration. Horses:

For horas feed oil meal is perhaps most used in the early spring, When it is valuable for getting horses into condition for spring work. It hastens the spring shed of hair, gives life to the skin. and is a general tonic to the whole sys- tem. Oil meal is also used for grow- ing colts and for fattening horses for show or sale.

Ibeop:

An excellent supplement to the grain ration for breeding ewes. it not only supplies the protein re- quired for the wool grown but also ward off constipation. Lambs forced for early markets get the use of meal oil cake. It is a safe feed for sheep and is the standard protein

Where legume hay is fed. oil cake is not required to balance the ra- tlon.

1-logs:

This feed may be used for hogs but ordinarily tonage is cheaper and more source of pro- teins than oil meal for this grade of stock. lqual parts of oti meal and torlsgs make an excellent pro- tein supplement for use in the small pig ratloh. - ,

Club News The regular meeting of the sea- aids 4-! Cali Club. was held July it. with is members present. It

to was dseldad to inquire about get-

tlostlbnboardtoeoeu iotbanall on July ll. Oarol and Sterling Mao-

ciallum and Lillian Shaw were ap- pointed on the program for the

CITY .& IIISTIIIOT c00l'l for !ar10oI'Pictll.I'Is.

"I00! DOLLAR IUYI MOI!- at tbs IUOIII DIUG l'l'0I.I-

VAlL'l RADIO IIIVIOI - 304 Kent ltroet.

HEY! TAXI - DI!-I 7371 THIS or 8152.

CIABWELL for Better Photo- graphs.

"Dance at Mt. Ryan Hall at Johnston's River every Friday. Burke's orchestra.

BTU! TUINABOUT Restaur- snt open from 8:30 a.m. till 1230 a.m.

"WI TIIAT THE SICK WILL? aiggey's Pharmacy. open evenings 'till I o'clock.

Nor: CHANG! or para.- Dr. J. 1-. Mill.ar'a Office will be closed until August lilth. f

HAVING RETURNED from brief period in hospital 1 havere-opened Modem Shoe Repair for business. All repairs complete by 5.30 p. m. each day.

ST. JOHN'S PIISIYTIEIAN CHURCH. Belfast. - 1824-1954) Annual Memorial Service in com- memoration of the aslkirk settlers

d who built this church one hundred

andthi.rty years ago, Sunday, August 15th, at S p. m. Rev. Dr. W. E. Dud- ley, Guest speaker.

Strange But True

By 1'. E. MacArthur

Mrs. Jessie MacDonald of Hall- fax, has the distinction of being one of the few women who have lived to see a son retire at the age of 65. He is T. G. MacDonald who retired after 38 years as C.N.R. sleeping car porter. y

Rabbit's fur under 90 different names goes into the manufacture of fur coats and what have you. Today these animals are scientific- ally bred so thst their suits are very similar to the furs of rarer animals.

Strange. as it may sound to the western world flocks of ducks are often used on the rivers of China to take their owners to market. The farmer sits in his little boat while the quackers, tied to a raft, tow him up the stream.

Did you know that almost 2-3 of our people over 65 live in villages or near cities. The increaslnz modern conveniences in rural areas is expected to reverse the propor- tion in the future.

Here's how Poland's communist government acts to keep gift par- cels. new or second hand from coming into the country. A duty as high as 100 per cent is levied on such SW5. ,

Thu-g were but two lynchlngs in Uncle Sam's country in 1953.

Mr. Louis Newman of BoxleY- England. owns a butterfly farm that. brings its owner a hdndsnme prom. it is from Boxleys farm that Sir Winston Churchill pur- chases besutiful specimens for his famous garden parties at Chart- well. d

Was there ever I knit HOW” before he was born? Yet U90" the death of King Marmldss of Persia. the people, not wishing be without a ruler, proclaimed his unborn child. King Ship"? 11. WI"? with the usual pomp and C"em”"Y was "crowned" by holdlnt the royal dladem over the head of the prospective mother.

If we were to give the common house fly the Kteen llllhl. dil IW'Y with sanitation. urbane disposal and screens and sprays. WI! wouldn't need to worry 0111' helds about atomic bombs. We wouldn't. be here! A female HY 01'9" lays 120 eggs by the middle of April. Come May 10 her 60 daulhte” 3" each laying a hundred odd eug- It only takes a few hours to hatch flies” eggs. and It 10 IIIY3 0” ””V are laying their own. ,

ny August 28. so billion. 650 mu- lion fliets are e"sch laying thtf full quo a 0 eg I. g

To carry the calculation further. at a thousand flies to the ounce we now have 1500 tons of flies - but we won't have. think! "7 gprnys, screens. etc. h

Flies have killed more men t In battles. The South African war and the Spanish-American War are good examples. They I1”! I130 "I; rlers of fYDh0Id 3”! T' 3' '" cholera. So if we KIVO the pesky little insect a break hed run us right off the earth. Remember that when you see them crawlinl 0:1” . custard pie or 1- mum" P ”

Cord Of Thanks

We wish to arm! in W mm.-ls, neighbours. Dr. MacLeod. and rather McCarthy our deep ap- preciation for the many 35” "1 kindnem shown to us in our recent sad bereavement.