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Races

The Road To Berlin

The March to Freedom still goes on in Germany. That is really what 4s bothering Khrushchev, and it is highlighted by the detailed figures released by the West German gov- erment, showing the 1958 flow of ‘refugees from Communist East Germany. Again it is clear why the Communists, Russian and German, are so anxious to.close freedom’s escape hatch in West Berlin. - ¢«

The 1958 _ total is 204,092. Here are the monthly figures: January 21,343, February 15,646, March 15,- 796. April, 15,872, May 15,500, June 14,323, July 19,283, August 21,595, September 21,107, October 19,297, November 13,873, December 10,-

Among these refugees were 12,- 600 teachers, 11,298 engineers, 8,- 561 students, 2,763 physicians, vet- erinarians and dentists, 693 lawyers, 625 pharmaceutical chemists and 393 university professors and in- structors. Of the total, 48.1 per cent were under 25, 25.2 per cent were between 25 and 45; 20.5 per cent were between 45 and 65. Only 6.2 per cent were over 65.

Since September of ‘1949, 2,188,- ‘435 persons from East Germany have asked for and ‘received asylum in West Germany. The flow eontin- ues. Between January 17 and 23, latest period available, another 2,640 spurned Communism for freedom.

This is why Premier Khrushchev is talking so beligerently about Ger- man reunification. In private con- versation he has compared the situa- tion to that before World War II. He has even indicated that Soviet missile strength gives him the power to force Germany to take sides with Russia, as in 1939, ,

But Berlin is no Munich. The West is resolute and united against permitting the kind of situation that Adolf Hitler exploited. Prime Min- ister Maemillian’s visit to Moscow this week bears no comparison with Prime Minister Chamberlain’s trip to Godesberg—where Munich was

‘shaped. The road to Berlin will_re-

main/open at all costs. The alterna- tive—we-know from Munich—would : not be + fi . time™ ‘a suicidal- concession tp” aggfessors.

_Loggers And\Their Pay

-* National interest has been arous-

ed over the loggers’ strike in New-

foundland. The basic issue tends to

be lost sight 6f in a flood of recrimin- ©

ations on both sides. The St. John’s Daily News thus reports on the wage

scale and working conditions -of the men, over which “4h& dispute Mansel

Woods labour involves basically two different classes of worker. One

._is the man who cuts and _ piles pulp- wood. He is paid on a piece-work !

basis. The other is the general lab- ourer who works on the winter haul of: wood to the driving streams. He is paid by the hour or the day.

_ By far the larger group is com- posed of the men who cut wood. They average more than, two cords a day. Some have been known to cut much more a day for a sustain ed period. The question of the sixty hour week is not applicable in their ee, how many hours they work in a day is a matter of in- dividual choice.

The average rate per cord is in excess of seven dollars. The average earning of the logger with a chain ‘saw is about $18 a day. Some men ‘make much more, depending on the ‘time they put in and the nature of the area in which they are cutting.

‘At the average rate, gross earnings

of these loggers is of the order of $450 a month. Board is charged to woods labour at the rate of $1.05 a

‘day.

It is, of course, a fact that camp conditions vary. Some camps are better than others. On the other hand, the company has been experi- menting with new types of camps and improvement is on a gradual but progressive basis. The board rate ig unquestionably low. It must cost

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a great deal more than $7.35 a week per man to provide meals in a log ging camp. The woods labourer does a var- .lety of chores about the camp, par- and his’ working week is 60-hours in theory although it is almost im- possible to work intensively on this standard in winter because of the early approach of darkness. His pre- sent rate-works out at $64.80 a week. These conditions can hardly be regarded as representing any meas- ure of economic injustice. And re- gardiess of what room may exist for improvement, they do not justify what has been said about the hard “Jot of Newfoundland’s loggers and their need for an international un- ion to remedy their hardships.

None From The Kremlin

A report from Washington says that 10,000 letters, cards and tele- grams have been received by Secre- tary of State Dulles since he entered hospital. The messages are arriving at the State Department and his hos- pital room at the rate of 1500 to 2000 a day.

The messages come from indivi- duals in all walks of life and from almost all parts of the world, from church organizations, leaders of States and Governments, young people’s groups and other organiza-

school children. A typical message was from a little church ,in a small

distressed ‘at hearing of your new illness. Many of us are praying for you. We want you to know that”. A man and his wife wrote: “We join the many other Americans who wish you a quick and full recovery and who thank you sincerely for your capable and untiring efforts in be- half of this country. We shall be happier when you are well again”.

Hospital officials say that Mr. Dulles reads as many of the mess- ages as he can and is greatly com- forted by them. He has been spec- ially touched by warm personal let- ters from men in public office both at home and abroad who have often been critical of his policies.

There is, however, one regret- table ommission from this pattern of goodwill towards a statesmen of the highest integrity. At last report no word had been received from either Premier Khrushchev or Foreign Min- ister Gromyko of the Soviet Union. But that probably won’t hurt Mr. Dulles very much. It merely adds emphasis to their lack of ordinary

good manners. ; EDITORIAL NOTES

Whatever else Canada may have a shortage of, there is no lack of flag designers. State Secretary Courte- manche reports that-more than 1300 ' designs are now on hand in his de- partment and more are coming in all the time. # *

. .

Newfoundland, is having more than its share of economic problems at present. On top of the dislocations caused by the loggers’ strike at

Grand Falls and its repercussions comes word that iron ore mining: on B@iivIsland will be curtalledsas a re- ; sult of Mininisting mutkets for the

prodfict.

Governmiertt officials in Brest-Li- tovsk, a tipy-orith” border between Russia anf’ Polapd, are wondering what to dd #bout' an American bible ¥eHer, Martin Nordfors: In 1956, Mr. Nordfors sold 200 bibles in the city. | Last year he came. back and collect- ed ceititributions for American mis- sionary work in Africa.

7 * -

The recent ceremonies at Bad- deck, N. S. remind us that 50 vears ago the problem was how “to get.a man in the air’. Now, the emphasis is on how to get a man into space. What will the situation be 50 vears from now? No one-can predict with

that many of the secrets of the pre- sent time will have been révéaled. * ~~ * As the Ottawa Joyrnal well says: If the A. V. Roe Company thought it was justified in throwing 5,000 Cape Breton coal miners out of work be- “cause the mine which they worked could no longer be-worked profitably, how can the president of this same company hold, or any other Cana- dian hold, that the Government of Canada should commit itself to the expenditure ef perhaps $1,000,000,- 000 for an airplane which, on the word of its defence experts, would have little defence value when, two or three years from now, it came off the line? :

tions. Many of the cards come from |

Mississippi town. It read: “We are

FOUND. THE KEY. AT LAST?

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Mr. Watson Sellar, our Scots- blooded Auditor General, certain ly earns the $20,000 a year which he is paid for serving as watch- dog over our tax dollars. But Mr. J. W. Murphy, the Conservative M.P. from Sarnia, earns only) the taxpayers’ gratitude for serv-| ing as self-appointed honorary, watchdog over the common sense | guiding the expenditure of jour tax dollars. "

His trail of good ideas a nd suc- cessful sleuthing stretches back | through the years. His spontan- eous activities along that trail) typify the poised threat of Parli-| ament, which is intended to keep | Government and Bureaucracy economy-minded.

“‘Lamprey Joe.”” a political ad- versary scoffed at him, when he was igniting the drive to rid. our Great Lakes of that scourge of

eranged when Murphy's point was won and applauded. i

“Get than man “Murphy off my |. back.” screamed C. D. Howe, | when Sarnia’s M.P. was repeat-| edly demanding a Parliamentary | review of the need for more technical ‘training and research in Canada; then the Russian! Sputniks and Lunik streaked across our skies to show how right Murphy's thinking had been.

Recently we have learned the | wisdom of his long-expressed un- easiness about various aspects of Polymer, the crown corpora-| tion manufacturing artificial rub-| _ ber at Sarnia. CHECKING ON WASTE

Then these was the long trail | of parliamentary questions which “The Sarnia Sleuth” asked about | our tax money, frittered away on/ a Portuguese Palace bought as temporary bunkhouse for our Am. bassador in Brazil; and the at- tendant mystery of the disap- pearing $30,500 of taxpayers’ money, which was unnsatisfactor- ily explained as having been lost when some bureaucrat improper- ly involved us in the currency ex- “change fluctuations ay third

any accuracy, but it is safe to say |

Het ary eyes” on’ what many taxpayers have. corie to distrust as the lair, of questionable artistic taste and) experience—the National Gallery, } whose’ estimated cost tor every taxpayer will jump an unéxplain- ed 3O per cent in ae | short year. :

routine enquiry as a visitor; an, official told him that the Gallery | did indeed own a painting en-, titled “The Read,” by Car! Henry Ahrens. But it is in the vault, cannot be seen, and had never been put on show since it was bought. the official’ said.

So Sarnia’s unofficial watchdog did some, sniffing in Pamaament.

“When was ‘TheyRoad,’ bought?” As long ‘ago”as 1923. “How much was paid’ for it?” $1,500. “How many other paint- ings have been bought in the past 25 years, which have nev- er been displayed to the public?” Why. it seems that the vault is stuffed with the like: 27 others besides ‘Tae Road. “And how much of the taxpayers’ money

National Gallery Costs

By Patrick Nicholson

was spent on these baubles, light-! ly purchased by the Gallery but | not considered worth showing to

their new owners, the public?” |

$11,875. ‘ i

Sensing trouble. officials hurriedly changed their tale. ‘The Road’’ had not always lain fargotten in the vault. ht hah been taken out to be shown to its owners no less than nine times in the past 36 years. ‘i 1950,

elicited,

Murph's further over $2,500,-

Since questions

the Gallery|

000 has been spent on about 435) paintings and sketches for the,

Gallery, and $59,045.54 on 259 pic- |

tures to hang in our various Em-

bassies abroad. These purchases |

range from “Green- Landscape” by artist unknown for $5.35, to two small but very fine Char- dins ‘plus 4 Rubens and a Mar- timi bought as a group for $835,-

our fishermen; the mocking boom- | 000

A REVIVER NEEDED

The average taxpayer would need a very strong Martini in- deed if he could see some of the Things being bought with his money as art treasures. There are some fine old masters and modern Canadians in the Nation al Gallery, in the 8 degree temperature and 22 degree hum- idity which I found discouraging visitors and no doubt damaging our multi-million dollar collec- tion last Saturday afternoon. But there is a disproportionate mass of gaudy daubs, which many tax- payers neither understand nor enjoy framed mosaic lavatory floor bought for our Embassy in Wash- ington, which revently shocked visiting parliamentarians

Murph is still digging into the National Gallery. He may seek the justification for the 300 per cent increase in the cost of “spe cial services” this year; for the 133 per cent increase in the stenographic staff. He may ask for whom is “I chauffeur’ sudd- enly to be provided. He may an- alyse the list of recent puhchases and ask whetiwr it ig the ‘purpose of our $100,000,000 Arts Council? And he may question the need,

| and the possible cost to the tax-

payer, of the restaurant propos- ed to be included im the new Na- tional Gallery now being built.

J

Ge at.

It began when “Murphy made a,

AT THE BLACKBOARD

I stared at the blackboard

Bare as an eraser can blacken it

Yet whitened gray by dusty atoms of chalk <

From the talk of a mountain of

words and numerals

Traced by big since the roo

nd little fingers began.

There is no message for me here Until I develop perception

To draw discarded hieroglyphs Out of the blackboard’s mem- ory

Back to the surface again.

—THOMAS JOHN CARLISLE In the Christian Science Monitor

Early

‘Did you know the following about early farm machinery in ‘his Province?

The plows used by the early settlers had but one handle, and no one aticmpted to make a straight furrow. For forty years these crude and primitive imple- menis were used, but in 1810 two- handled plows were introduced.

The grain was cut with scy- thes and sickles,sand threshed by oea_ing it with flails on a wood- en floor as Boaz did in the days of Ruth. Some farmers had hand- operated fanners to separate the grain from the chat. Others made use of nature's winds.

Farm Machinery

E. Island Historical Society

JThe first threshing machine ar-

_ fived in 1828 “ind was driven by | wisps of twisted “straw,

, We

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a,tread mill, a cumbersome ma- chine that developed power by horses .walking .on an_ inclined, endless belt. It was a danger- ous engine; for sometimes the brake mechanism would fail, and the horses’ would go faster and faster until, at a wild gallop, a fall might result in broken legs of necks, or a worker might be severely injured, or even killed, in’ attempting to save the mill and the -terrified an.mals.

The first reaper appeared in 1830. This wonderful machine did not tie the straws inio Sheaves. and.it was necessary for the harvesiers to bind them with

Pe

Typical of these is the)

'| Sister from Ireland

are some facts

‘tial school in Canada, our Indian

from Ireland. Be assured, there-

lem to and from the Mainland

PUBLIC FORUM

Fisheries industry will agree that this edition is of tremend- ous assistance in making us conscious of the potential for "isheries expansion. To ..my. snowledge this is the only* edition ‘Wf this kind put up by a”€ana- | dian newspaper. | 5

I wonder if I might correct an omission from my article which might clarify paragraph five. The paragraph should read:

“The East Coast landed value of approximately $50 million for that year constituted about 55 per cent of the total landed value of Canada’s fishery. Here in the Atlantic Provinces we have about 77 per cent of Canada’s fishermen, about 47 per cent of the capital equipment in prim- ary operations; and we produce about 68 per cent of the tonnage and 57 per cent of the value of Canada’s Fishery.”

Again may I express our sin- cere thanks for the valuable co- operation and assistance which we have enjoyed from. your paper throughout the year.

I am, Sir, etc. E. M. GORMAN P.E.1. Department of Fisheries February 27, 1959\

INDIAN GIRLS AND IRISH DANCES

Sir—An editorial note from your paper has been brought to my attention; it appeared a short time-ago and concerned Indian girls from North Vancou- ver winning three trophies ~ in an Irish dancing contest

As an Indian Missionary among these wonderful Indian people of British Columbia for five years, I have looked into this matter for you. And I can assure you that the judges were not “fixed”. I know from your article that the question “Were he judges fixed or what?” is asked in jest. Nevertheless, here about these “Irish” dances out here in B.C. Here in Kamloops. where we have the largest Indian residen-

children every year take all the top \honors in folk dancing and singing at the annual Music Fes- tival in competition ith the white schools in the district.. Some of the children from these white schools may even be from Limerick, Ireland; It_makes no difference to our Indian folk dancers; they beat them all. White children have not got the natural grace and talent for these dances that the Indian children have been blessed with

However, the Indian. childré® | do have a very fine instructor—' a Sister of St. Ann who hails

)

fore, t the music festivals in B.C. are not “fixed’’.. Our Indian children need no help from judges to beat their white bro- thers at Irish folk dancing. Our boys also come out on top in boxing and basketball. I am, Sir, etc.. Rev. ALLAN F. NOONAN, 0.M_I. Kamloops Indian Residential = School

Kamloops, B. C. -

(‘We are delighted to hear from Father “Noonan, a former Prince Edward Islander. We re- tract our base insinuation about the judges, salute the grace- ful Indian dakcers on their fine achievement. Still and _ all, wasn't it the coaching of that 2 that turned the trick?—-Ed. G.).

» TRANSPORTATION Sir,—Our transportation prob-

each year is becoming more and more acute. It has without a doubt a very adverse effect on our tourist industry, not to men- tion the hardship encountered ‘ by all who use this obsolete method of crossing the Northumberland Strait. I believe the tourist in- dustry within two years of com- pletion of. the causeway will bring us our largest yearly cash

| effective in reducing blood su-

| sent is far from being solved. I

a

K is also often used for ab- scesses“ burn infections. wound infections and other infections of It is readily absorbed and re- portedly is free from most side effects.

CES BLOOD SUGARS i is a new compound

gars in diabetics.

Investigators report ‘it ts “indi- cated primarily for treatment of the “late onset’’ type of diabe- tic. They say it also has been

difficult - to . manage patients whom doctors very often see.

Prince Edward Island into a Florida of the North. However, this mammoth problem at pre-

lore firmly believe that im- diate action is necessary.

Recent, incidents which have occurred to our present system at times left us in a very pre- carious and much to be desired position. In view of this, I have a ‘umble suggestion which I would like to offer, provided of course the causeway is forth- coming within five or six years; provided also that the forty- year-old S. S. Prince Edward Is- land can be kept in satisfactory condition: for continued winter operation until the causeway or a large new ice breaker is com- pleted.

My suggestion is, that a light, non-icebreaking boat capable of earrying 50 or 60 passenger cars with a speed of 30 knots or more be constructed immediate- ly to seurry back and forth be- ween Port Borden and Cape

ntine; that the construc- tion be completed and the beat piaced in operation early in the summer. of” 1960 and at minimum of time and cost. This is only a partial solution to the huge problem, but I believe it will help relieve.the situation considerably until some better system is brought about.

I would like to comment brief- ly on a statement made by Ai tin Cross of Ottawa and I quote. “If enough people holler, loud enough the Prince Edward Is- land and New Brunswick cause- way will be built.” I am at a loss to know why it is necessary for the people to holler for a causeway when the need is so

s. ‘ I am, Sir, ete.,

Summerside.

FARMERS’ PROBLEMS

Sir—I read with interest brief presented to the Island Legislature by the Farmers’ Federation and take note, with particular interest of some of the items contained therein.

I think, first of all, that the farmers killed the goose that would have laid the golden egg when they scrapped the Potato Marketing Board. This body could have been of tremendous service to the farmers) of P.E.I. It is very disappointing to ob- serve that our Island spuds are rapidly losing their popularity in outside markets and are not commanding the higher than marketing prices that they had enjoyed for the past 50 years. I am not in a position to know the cause of this unfortunate occur- rence; however, as an observer. I could’ be led to believe that it might be the result of deter- ioration of the grade aad also of the packaging. — of not pay- ing enough attention the im- portant factor of givi the con- sumer what 4¢ wants to buy and pay for, buff rather what they are trying to sell him, an unat- tractive item without due con- sideration to his requirements. All his business of packaging applies not. énly-te-our spuds but to each and’ every item we have to sell. If the packaging is at- tractive the selling job is 50 per cent accomplished.

The only remaining factor is he quality therein, and this shenld be easy for us, in view m’the fact that our Island pro- ducts are second to none. The above mentioned might very well serve to answer Mr. Sav- ille’s query of why Island cheese factories close up one after an- other. and are-not selling New- foundiand as much produce now as we did 50 years ago.

It would appear to me that we in the Atlantic Provinces have been asleep at the switch and Aave allowed outsiders to come in and steal our very best mar- ket ‘our own) right out from under our very nose. This in my humble opinion is a deplorable situation, but certainly not be- yond correction.

We should utilize rather than export some of our talented youth by putting some of them to work observing, obtaining. and servicing their markets here in the Atlantic Provinces. The farmers are certainly the back- bone of the.country and this ap- plies more so to P.E.I. farmers than any other farmers in Can- ada;-they must be a very out- standing class of businessmen or magicians. :

Any farmer that I have talked to . been losing. money farm- ing for 25 years or more with the. exception of the war years and the year of 1955-56. For ex- ample. in talking with a pro- minent farmer a few days ago

income and virtually tura eur

effective An treating some of the} ;

L. S. J.)

NOTES BY THE WAY

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.00 per . bag. Another fact worthy tion is that our farmers received as much

nificant that it isn’t worth men- tioning, particularly in view of the fact that we are only: selling that Province about 8 per cent of what we could and should be selling them. I would like to add for Mr. MacDonald's infor- mation that it wasn't “every old woman in the country with 100 hens”, as he put it, that killed the poultry market in this area. That “somebody” that brought in American produced birds at 8 cents a pound less ’ than our Canadian prices could have played a major part in our

HE

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Recorder : 5

OUR YESTERDAYS ©

(From the Guardian Files)

TWENTY-FIVE YEARS AGO (Feb. 28, 1934)

Summerside Board of Prade has been in consultation with Mr.

nm

. E. 'L Division of the Can- National. Railways, ask- | the train No.

RASTER ER freee :

:

F

:

a & zg

fought game at the Crystal Rink last night. The large gathering of

| fans were treated to a real ex-

hibition of

yesterday and eight sections the eighty-six section bill were

bécause they say our price Island turkey its too high?

In summing up, I guess we have ourselves to blame at least to some extent, for our precari- ous position. We are in the dol- drums and apparently don't want to do anything about it. We are in some cases about 50 years behind the times -and our present liquor laws and our at-

A Bade

er

“The Railway Committee of the =

W. MacKinnon, Superintendent of |

titude towards daylight saving’ ~

time certainly depicts our be-

Main Brace ‘Members

SATURDAY, FEB. 28 at BRACE CLUB

BINGO 8:30 - 10;30 : PRIZES OLD TIME DANCE 10:30 - 12:00

Regular Membership

~~

ee eee nme

WE ARE AS NEAR AS YOUR PHONE .

JUST DIAL. 4171.

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OPEN THIS WEEKEND

With Free Motorized Delivery

‘AND WE WILL GIVE YOU

SEMPLE’S PHARMACY

Toe

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i SERVICE |

Charlottetown ''\|!|

178 Queen St.

nn

IS LATE.

‘IF YOUR GUARDIAN

..OR MISSED |

Special delivery service

missed.

DIAL

and a paper will be delivered right to your door.

a.m. to 9:00 a.m. if your

6561

available between 8:30 paper is late — or

ED'S DIAL

\ 173 Great George St.

Ed's Slogan:

I was advised that the total farm

to $y

For the Fastest Service in Town, call

“To maintain the goodwill of those whom we serve — the goal for which we strive'”’

TAXI

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~~ Charlottetown

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