régpanv s 1WB'

THE ED UCA TIONAL HORIZON T

PRESENTING NEWS AND VIEWS OF INTEREST

TEACHERS’ PE

IMPROVEMENT IN EDUCATION

DERATION NEWS

By J.A.S. Williams WHAT'S COOKING IN THE C.T.F.?

In our last issue of the Educa- tional Horizon, you may recall that the above-named report from the C. '1'. F. office in Ottawa divided the business of the Federation into three parts, viL, Presently cookilt- t e

ing; Simmering; and In

Larder.

Having completed the first part in our last issue, today let us con- clude the other two.

First, what is Simmering in the C. T. F.? Reciprocal Exchange of Pension Credits; lnterprovinciai Certification (Dominion Certifi- cate); Federal Government Liai- son; and Reserve Building Fund. - The joint C.E.A.-C.T.F. commit- tee appointed a year ago to look into this matter of exchange of pension credits disappe red from the picture at the C. E. A. conven- tion in Winnipeg last September with little progress to be reported. At the last annual convention of the C. T. F. in August n Fedora- tion Committee was appointed tn study this question and Fcport at the 1949 meeting in August. Each province selected one member for the committee, of which Mr. Win- ston Davies of Ontario is chair- man, and Lieut. Col. Leo F. Mac- Donald representative of this ls- land province. The C. E. A. dir- ectors have asked their Research Council to give some thought to what may be done regarding recl- procal superannuation. The Coun- cil proposes asking a graduate stu- dent at the Ontario College of Edu- cation to undertake this study. The C. T. F. is being kept informed and We are being invited to assist and til-operate.

Secondly, with regard to Inter- provlnclai Certification, the joint committee of the C.E.A.-C.T.l-‘. has also ceased to function. As in the case of pensions. an Interprovincial committee was appointed by the

Canadian Teachers’ Federation to "lid? the matter . Again, each province has appointed a repre- sentative member. Mr. Stanley Fowler of Saskatchewan is chair- man. and Miss Estelle Bowness is the Island member. The Canadian Education Association is treating this qisestion in the same way as Interprovincial Pension Credits.

Thirdly, liaison is made with the Federal Government through repre- sentations conveyed to various dc- llartments of government on be- half of Canadian teachers as a whole or provincial groups whn have specific problems which can be more easily solved by person-u; approach than by much corre- spondence.

Finally, as a fourth item simmer- ing is the Reserve Building Fund. The C. T. F. are building up n fund ‘m’ "l9 Purchase or construction of a suitable building in onnwn for the permanent home of our Canadian Teachers’ Fed@;-ng|nn_ Such a building will have many uses and will be an educational "M" in keeping with the capital plan. P. E. I. has already made Dirt payment , of its three-year

fessional Magazine;

eaus;

fession.

Federation, of which insignificant part.

thirteenth meeting of (he held 1948.

“The LaZcrte Rcporti"

in Saskatoon,

well as Various other B o a r d s).

other organizations ests. katchewan was present. led the discussion. discussed were: teachers; teacher (raining;

ards in (he touching teachcr supply and demand;

of their teachers; teachers

and finally, views of the trustees.

discussed very broadly The

numbers. It

plan, having donated five hundred dollars of its dollar-per-teschcr Pledge. Nevt year. 1949-50 will see m. “n51 Pflyment of our obliga- ‘Ml- Although our amount is ap- parently small (seven hundred dol- ll"). Yet we make the same pro- Dortionate doliar-per-member pny. lllent as do the other provinces. 1n the Larder are laid the fol- "Willl for future plans: A more affective felationship with the World Organizittion of the Teach. In! Profession (W. O. II‘. P.); an improved Information Service with an adequate staff; a National Pro.

o

I

‘Hie word "algebra" beared about A. D. 850 in an Arab. iln work called "al-jsbr \v'al Muqabalah," written by ai-Khow- lfilmi. “Al-jabr," from which “ai- sebrs" is derived. may be trans- lated la the restorationfland re- f!!! to the fact that the same number may be added to or sub-

first ap-

Bloted from both sides of the equation; "s1 muqabalah" means the process of comparison, and some writers say i) was used in sonnsotion with t-he combination of similar terms into one term. The mathematical interest of tho Arabs ran high. In the seventh century religious enthusiasm had banded there nomadic tribes into I conquerim, flourishing nation. Enormous fortunes demanded mathematical manipulation. one historian cites a rumor of a mer- ahsnt whose annual income was

hoped that our nel can arrange be as capably leading educatlo Saskatchewan.

ant matter can xrasped by thos

report for study by our Teachers’ Executive. As ye report has n the public.

t

ALGEBIFA

Christian Doctor of whose annual income w "My thousand. These

Ei-‘bffl- mill’ be described as

ber relations.

answers write expressions will represent the following;

pounds. the gross weight and keg) being h poulfl,

at m miles per hour ——.

about seven million dollars and a Q

Almost any book which could read served as s textbook in ‘M early school. Boo , of any were scarce, and hose of a Wit! suitable to beginners were le. ‘rhare was no au-

thorised course of studies; and Illa teacher who was able to give ml Willis an elementary kilow- ‘"80 0f the t-hreo R's was consid- an excellent teacher, provided

that ha also instilled quietness

lllbmilaivcness in his charges. ‘This condition existed for s ion; W101i. lud no uniformity of tea!- iiboh was reached. until I877. Be- ars the passage of the Public 5011001 as). the transfer of pup- ils from one‘ school to another was "Y! difficult. Edward Manning, 3km iililerinteadsni of Educa- hflhgauthorissd a course of stud-

bas prov- _ b0 essential to ‘duos- Tl" mrioulum has varied only - M" "I Milan-am u-

G

ward academic studies. been enlarged, particularly in the urban schools, by the addition of manual training. music, dramatics, painting elementary science, prac- tical agriculture, and minute traces of household science. Rural schools are almost altogether by these attention can be given io the fur- ther dnelopmenr. of talents faculties until the larger unit of administration comes into

fi

miles per hour? -—.

THE CURRICULUM

innovations and

If a coarse of studies for‘

oarfiiniy not a democratic hiae which eliminates all

A National Bureau of Educational Research; A Canadian Council of Education

a greater measure of con- troi over the entrance to our pro- With regard to the above questions for future consideration, we sincerely invite the comments of our teachers. What ideas can you offer to make our now influ- entlal C. T. F. still more useful to our great country? Should we not all be proud as teachers that we all (yes, cvcry teacher in P. E. I.) ‘Je- long to such a powerful influence for the education of our children across this far-flung and extreme- ly rich Federation of provinces? Again, we invite your very careful study of the last two Horizons V) realize more fully what is cook- ing, what is simmering, and what is in the larder of our nuiloncl you form no

There has rcccntly come to ‘the P. E. I. '1‘. F. office a report of ihc Sas- katchewan Educational Conference November 6, The conference theme was You may recall that this is the report made by the C. E. A. on the Status of the Teaching Profession. Attending were representatives of the Depart- ment of Education, the College of Education. ihc School for the Deaf, School Superintendents Association. Saskatoon Public School Board, (as provincial Trustees’ Association, Teachers’ Fcdcraiion, Canadian Leg- ion, Univcrsiiy of Saskatchewan. the School and Home, and various representative of all important provincial intcr- 1n fact, a complete cross- section of the citizenry of Sus- Dcan La- Zertc, himself ihc chairman of the Committee who made the report, The matters The function the school; whom do we train as stand- profession; the economic status of teachers; liv- ing and working conditions; pres- tige of the teaching profession; the teacher in relation to the com- munity; high school studcnis’ views and teaching as seen by men in busi- ncss, industry and the professions; school

Thus, you see that the problems of’ the teaching profession were in scopc. Saskatchewan Educational Conference is to be sincerely con- Rratulated upon their very fine ai- tempt in trying to bring before the general public the serious situ- ation confronting the educational world lll not bcing able tn numct to the profession of teaching the Fight kind of students in sufficient is to be earnestly educational person- such a meeting to conducted by our nlsts as by those of It is only by such Public discussion that the import- be most properly e who should be

fully cognizant- of th ii _

Some time later in fanillall-zf 3:.- J°hn Rid“ Honest‘

hope to secure from the C.E.A. a 2- what other two words added sufficient number of copies of the 1° m“ “wk” your description

Island the 0t been available to

)

medicine as about fortunes save them the necessary leisure time for culture and learning. Ai- (he greatest short cut in mathematics. It is a. method of thinking sym- boiicaliy about numbers and nuin-

Using the blank spaces for the which

1. The cost in cents of d dozen pencils at c cents per dozen --. 2. '1‘-he_number of poundg n; nails ix! a keg which weighs s. (nails

3. The distance in miles irsvel- ed by an automobile in h hours

4. If a man drives m miles in 5 hr., what is his average rote in

It has

unaffected little

and

being. important step in the chang- of the curriculum to emphm iiize less the cultural element, was made in 1946 when Latin made an eiectine.

“'18

the

advanced grades is not sufficient- ly flexible, many of the pupils will discontinue school, leaving behind only those who intend to so college. such a system. which pro- yidss for only one type of student, s tam but a mass production ma-

to

sys- who

do not conform to its stereotyped

~,.

,.

of

ADULT EDUCATION

In 1936 study clubs were organiz- ed by the Adult Education League to assist the people of the province during the period of economic ad- versity. That the innovation was welcomed by the populace is shown by the fact that over 4000

representing practising tcacherfl- members enrolled in the first year. administrative officials, trustees, To serve me people in this 9h. BIC-l Teacilefs’ Emlllilymem Bu?‘ deavodr for self-Improvement, the

Provincial Government took over o. regional library system which had been begun in i933. The most. widely discussed subjects have el- ways been those of an economic nature.

The benefits resulting from the formation of such discussion groups have included the organi- zation of Credit Unions and of marketing and producing associa- tions and i-he development of co- operative. buying.

A regional library demonstra- tion was set up in Prince Edward Island in i933 by the Carnegie Corporation of New York. This demonstration was a three-year experiment, which was paid for by the Carnegie Institute. During the period of experimentation the regional library system had prov- ed to be of such value to the people that the provincial govern- ment then became its promoter.

A GAME OF

Principal may be a noun or an adjective. It means chief-as ad- jective or as noun, Principle is a Noun and means a rule of right conduct or a fundamental truth or law. It is never an adjective Fill in the blanks in the follow- iiig using principal or principle. I. The - reason. 2. The in- terest was paid on the -—-—. 3. The high school f. 4. The 1'5

Use the correct ending to com- plete each statement. 1_ If the three angles of a tri- angle are equal to each other, each is an angle of (a) 3i) degrees; (b) 90 degrees; (c) 80 dcsrees- 2. Through a given point. not on a, given line the number of lines which can be parallel to that line is (a) three; (b) one; (c) 1W0. 3. The part of a theorem which slates what is to be proved l! sometimes called the (a) propo- sition; (b) hypothesis; (c) conclu- sion. 4. Each side of a regular hexa- gon is one sixth of the (a) sum of the interior angles; (b) suni of the exterior angles; (c) base angles; (d) perimeter.

5. If a triangle has three equal angles, an exterior angle is is.) equal to an interior angle; (b)

A BROKEN

The poets tells how a friend- ship can be broken off bet-Ween two people through bitter wflrds and pride. In this case. 9111311831 1113 two were no longer friends, they never found aHYOM @159 ‘Fm could replace the lost friend. 1. is the prevailing mood of this‘ poem? What features of the poet- i-y contribute to this feeling? By the wol-ding, repetition and rhythm and the meter the whole 909m seems to be cast in s minor key. 2. What caused the friendship oe-

JOHN 1. What word best describe!

complete? Simple. straiflhlwmud- 3. What is the usual feature about the history of Blackmora as a

SAMUEL

He was an employ“ °1 n" Bud‘ son's Bay Company. chosen because of his knowledge of navigation and surveying, to lead an eXPedm" in 1770 to investigate lndifllVl-Bl" of mineral wealth in the north west. Travelling with a INTI-Y °5 Indians, he spent 18 months ex. ploring the barren lands, from Fort Prince of Wales west, then north to the mouth of the C0999?‘

1

He came from Scotland as a youth to seek employment with the Hudson Bay Cvmiwoy- when "l9 Pacific Scandal was at its T1918?"- it was Sir Donald Smith's (Strath- cona's) attitude which forced ihc MacDonald government to resiflfl- when this government came back into power, the contract to build the C. P. R. was awarded to Si!‘ Donald Smith. and 5"‘ G°°YB° Stephen. The)! were give" 1°“ ears in which to build this trans- ontinental railway Mid they Wm" pleted this great task long beg“! that period had expired. Wuch the first North West Rebel on

t

8

T0 TEACHERS AND ALL OTHERS SEEKING

EXERCISE IN GEOM ETRY

HEARNE

mine river at the Arcllfl OCEBIL Finding the copper deposits there of little value, he turned back but swung still farther to the ‘west to a great lake, “Athapuscow'. limb" ably Great Slave Lake. From the!!! he returned almost due east to Fort Prince of Wales. fine record of his remarkable 10111‘- ney whose results were, howevflf-

barren nature of the country.

LORD STRATHCONA

as Dominion Commissioner. He did much to weaken the influence of Riel. Strathcona became a very wealthy man. Gill University and the Royal VIC"

sible. Charles Tuppcr as Canadian High Commissioner in London. ENEMY“!- When the Boer War broke out. he

tired Rough Riders, known as the Strathcona Horse. at his own ex- pense. laid the foundation education and cadet drill in our

It. is now one of the finest reg- ional library systems in Canada, and offers to schools a service of book lending which is unsurpass- ed in North America.

The coming of modern inven- tion. notably the radio, has in- creased the effectiveness of the Adult Education League. The in- creased number of book publish- ers, selling cheap editions of the greatest books. has advanced the general educational level also. The modern methods of transportation have broadened our capacity for knowledge by actual experience and interaction among different peoples. '

One of the leadlns orssnizations operating in the field of Adult Education and general social im- provement is the Women's Insti- tute. This society has always striven for the betterment of our educational program and the pro- vision of training for those who do not continue academic study. _Its success in helping dissemin- ate knowledge of economic, social. and educational value to the peo- ole of the province, is unquestion- able. The organization has ‘been expanding its functions and ser- vices since it was inaugurated in I913.

responsible for his agent's acts. B. The —- speaker. 9. The —— said thit no ——- was involved. i0. The -— of law invoked. 11. The -_ offender. 12. He paid the -_ at the bank. 13. A meeting of several s. 14. His -—— mis- take. i5. The —- of the inven- tion.

twice an interior angle; (c) h!!! of an interior anzle; (d) One third of an interior angle. 6. The analytic method in geom- etry is a method of (a) writing proofs; (b) discovering a plan 0i’ proof; (c) drawing figures; (d) proving originals. '1, Two angles which have their sides respectively parallel are (a)

equal; (b) suppimlenlflfl’; (C) acute; (d) either equal or sull- piementary.

B. The sum of the angles around a point in s plane is equal to (a)

a. pentagon; (b) 180 degrees; (c) two straight angles; (d) two ver- ticai angles.

9. A polygon in which the sum of the interior angles equals that of the exterior angles formed by extending the sides. in order, is a (a) quadrilateral; (b) triangle; (c) pentagon; (d) hexasim-

FRIENDSHIP

tween Roland and Sir Ireoline b0 end? Through the action of wide- spread gossip and the falct bliat each was too proud to aduui» he would believe evil whispered to him. 3. Did they forget one an- other? No. ‘Their spirits still long- ed for each other. What a teacher is teaches more than the books he employs. Do not care how many but. whom you please. Character consists in little acts 11011011111! performed.

RIDD

novel writer? Although Biackmore wrote s. number of novels _his fame as a novelist rests entirely on "Lorna. Doone" which is a masterpiece and so far suPB-fllll’ to any of his other novels that they have almost been forgotten.

H8 WTOEG B very

nr-gely negative because of the -

Through the C. P. R. Lord His liberal xiii-l made MC-

oria Hospital in Montreal POI- In 1896 he succeeded Sir

qulpped a regiment of five hun-

By his generosity too he of physical

broke out. Donald Smith was sent

In Column I are some incomplete sentences. The endinss for these sentences are in Column 11- In the blank after each of the in- ‘ u: sentencespwrite the let- ter that stands for the correct end- Inil’.

Column I--

1. In Greece the farmers live in villages on steep, rocky hills be- HIUSO ri-

2. Hills can be used for pastu:e lauds for sheep and goats be- C-‘IUSG ——-

."i. Goats are valuable animals In Greece because -——.

4. The people of Greece seldom have any butter because ——-—.

5. Most of the houses in Greece are made of stone rather than wood because é

6. Grapevine! and olive trees grow well in Greece because -—.

7. In some/parts of Greece there are miles and miles of grape vine- yards on aha hillsides because ---.

G

B

Ill

schools. I GEOGRAPHY

I longer Mediterranean Sea are said to have C reach moisture desp in the soil. on the warm slopes. farming. sumo along the sea.- tain climbers.

ply wood.

Greec

the rough. rocky hills.

this narrow neck of land.

8. The Isthmus of Corinth no

joins north and south b ——.

‘slain ‘lgrdase that border the

Mediterranean climate because

oiu-mn II- , A. As they have long roots which

B. Grapes grow wonderfully well C. The good land is saved for ' men. D. The climate is so much the E. These animals are good moun- F. There are no forests to sup- G. hey supply the people oi with milk, cheese and eat.

H. Few cattle can be raised on

I. A canal has been dug across

River and Geno German,

SgiL-at-Arms Joseph Bcagzm, Opposition are also shown in action. Tho scene is by Saundorn

Reformcrs: 1790) devoted his iifc in making prison life more humane; regard- cd as (he father of tho movement for prison reform by lecturing anti writing he tried to rouse public opinion so that parliament would be forced to remcdy the terrible state of affairs There were many evils; dark un- ventilated, undraincd rooms with nothing in,them but a little diriv stlaw. bread and water was only food given prisoncrs, water for washing was seldom provided. fever and small-pox were common; all kinds of prisoners were chain- ed together, young boys with hard- ened criminals.

Elizabeth Fry (1780-1840) was a Quaker who spent her time helping prisoners. public speaking she gradually won the interest of her fellow-country-