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Coven Prince Edward island Like the Dew ?‘ bttsned every week-day morning at 16.‘: Prince Street Chart:-ttett-wn. P.r«.'.i.. by the Thomson Company Ltd In! A. Burnett, Publisher and (‘.5-neral Manage! Funk Walker. Editor Member Canrirlian Daily Netvsvapef Publishers Association Member or The (‘anadian Press Member Aduh Bureau on circulations Busch Offices at Summerside. Montague and Albei-ton fipuvsvsented Nationally by, Thomson Newspapers A(.IVEl‘IISll1.'= service 04 King Street West Fornntn. On: 640 (fiathcart St., Montreal 1030 West Georgia St., Vancouver By (Jarrir-r Charlottetown, Summerside 30c per week. By Mail elsewhere in P.E.I. $9.00 per annum. Other I‘rn‘.inces and United States $120’! per annum.

PAGE 4-“-’—"l‘UESDAY.VAPR1L 15. 1958

I No Agreement

Latest word, from Geneva, where the United Nations’ Conference on the Law of the Sea has been going on for months, is that a deadlock has beenreached in the matter of territorial waters. *

After being at loggerheads xfor some time, Britain and Canada had been seeking a compromise between the United States-’ insistence on a .3-mile territorial sea limit and Soviet demands that each nation be left free to fix the width anywhere up to 12 miles. Canada had originally suggested a 3-mile territorial limit with an adjacent 9-mile fishing zone. This was finally supported by the United States. Just as the British appeared to be coming around to this view, India, which claimed to speak for the “vast majority” of the nations represented, declared that the British-Canadian-American proposals were unacceptable be- .cause they ignored the claims of small states. ‘ The new Indian proposal, back- ed formally by Mexico, called for “each stateito have the right to fix the width of its territorial sea up to -12 miles.” This was substantially

doubtful, however, according to the latest report, whether this will be given majority support, despite India’s claim to represent the “vast majority” of the. nations. This

means that the conference must

start all over again. The remaining proposals range from .a three mile limit for all purposes to 200 miles. No doubt, some sort of compromise will be reached eventually; but it‘ does seem that a lot of time is being spent in discussing what would ap- pear to most people to be a simple problem.

Atlantic Food Show

A number of Prince Edward Is- land firms are participating in the Atlantic Food Show and Conven- tion, sponsored by the Atlantic Provinces Economic Council, which will be held in the Moncton Stadium,

'April 28-29. The first gathering of

its kind ever to be brought together in this region——-possibly in all Can- ada—it is designed not only to publicize food products of the area but also to give some indication of the economic value of the food in- dustry to the general economy. In- vited to see the products and to talk with officials of the companies con- cerned, are many buyers in this area, Central Canada and New England. The ‘show will be opened by Premier Hugh John Flemming, and among the special speakers will be two United States experts on food merchandizing.

APEC is to be commended on its initiative in sparking this gather- ing, which is expected to serve a valuable purpose in acquainting buyers more fully with Maritime products, and at the same time give

producers new ‘product ideas and market knowledge. Lite In New Guinea New Guinea is one of the last

strongholds of the Stone Age, says the National Geographic Society. With its jungles, rugged mountains‘ and malarial swamps, it is a land that is hostile to man. Yet, two na- tions, the Netherlands and Austra-

lia, hold firmly to their respective ‘

h31Y€S..While a new country, Indo- ilesla.’ 1S trying to take the Nether- “(I5 Portion for itself. The Indo- nesians call it “West Irian”,

On the map, says the Society,

New Guinea resembles a prehistoric reptile floa-ting north of -Australia, With the exception of Greenlan_d, it is the world’s largest island, stretch- ing 1300 miles from head to tail. Its backbone is a series of mountain ranges towering in places over 16,. 000 feet. The inhabitants are chiefly Papuans, Melanesians and Negritos. It is hard territory to administer. Especially in the Dutch section, the natives sometimes go head-=hunt- ing; so, officials have to be careful when they travel abroad.

the same as the Soviet view. It is '

Much of the high country,

equatorial, is covered with snow and glaciers. Soil is very poor and heavy rainfall causes erosion. Enor- mous swamplands, jungles and for- ests hamper communication. It 15, however, a favourite spot for na- turalists .and anthropologists. The island abounds in creepers, orchids, ferns, palms and a variety of strange trees. Its wildlife includes egg-lay- ing mammals, lizards, snakes, crocodiles, swarms of multi-colour- ed butterflies and many varieties of rare birds. Its scattered tribal groups range from pigmies to 6-foot- ers, from wandering hunters to settled peoples skilled in building, weaving and pottery. I

In 1953 an expedition'which had gone to the island from the Nation- al Geographic Society returned with a photographic record of Stone Age culture. Among the collections were weird’ ceremonial masks, shell’ and feathered ornaments and beautiful birds-of-paradise. In the old days there was considerable traffic in

— bird-of-paradise feathers. This is

not now permitted. The emphasis at the moment is on mineral explor- ation. There are supposed to be

.large deposits of oil, gold, silver,

copper, nickel and cobalt. This, no doubt, is the chief reason behind the rivalry for control of the territory.

EDITORIAL NOTES Turkey may be an ally of the de- mocratic West; but her association with’ democracy leaves much to be

.desired. For example, a newspaper

in Akara was recently ordered" clos- ed for a month and its cartoonist sent to prison for a year—all for “unduly” criticizing the Govern- ment. In another case a university professor was suspended for say- ing that he ‘thought some of the laws were unconstitutional. ' f i i

The Irish Digest, Dublin, reprints the following notice which appeared in a bookshop window: “Ladies and Gentlemen, these things are books. They keep quiet. They do not sud- denly dissolve into wavy lines or snowstorm effects. They do not .pause to deliver a message from their sponsors. And every single one of them is three dimensional- they have length, breadth and thick- ness 'for convenience in handling, and they live indefinitely in the fourth dimension of time.”

. if t 9

For the nrst time in__ a century the United States is growing more wood than is being removed from the forests. Credit for this is giveh to the American Forest Products Industries Inc., a trade organization which sponsored the “tree farming” movement. This is a voluntary pro- gram under which landowners pro- tect their trees from fire, insects and other destructive agents and practise reforestation designed to insure good future crops. Active in

_ 46 States, the tree farming move-

menthas more than 45 million acres of privately owned timberlands un- der its care.

* t *

Sometimes it seems as though the Americans don’t want to get ahead of the Russians in the matter of propaganda. When representa- tives of demonstrators against nu- clear tests called on the U.S. Em- bassy in London they were ' re- ceived by the Ambassador’s sec- retary, the Ambassador himself being “too busy” at other things. When they called at the Soviet Em- bassy they were welcomed person- ally by the Ambassador who told them, “I solemnly declare that your demands and our position coincide”. This, of course, was sheer hypo- crisy; but its propaganda value, especially among the so-called “un- committed” peoples of the world will be very considerable. ° »

,0

C i t

George Jean Nathan, brilliant American drama critic who died the other day at the age of 73, was for most of his adult life a confirmed sceptic. He liked to be known as a “hedonist”, a believer in the doc- trine that pleasure is the highest good. He once wrote: “As it is given to few men to die happy, the best that man can hope and strive for is momentary happiness during life, repeated as frequently as the cards will allow, Pleasure, whatever its species, is the drink in the desert. It is the beautiful, transient reward of travail and pain. There is no oth- er reward, except for those who are still sufficiently aboriginal to be- lieve in a hereafter.” Nevertheless, Mr. Nathan died as a Christian, He spent much of his time during that period in refuting the doubters.

views of

A

TH LTEST EXPLOSION

Khrushchev To Mocmillcin

By W. N. Ewer United Kingdom Information Service

When I first ‘heard on Saturday April 5, that a new letter from Mr. Khrushchev to Mr. Macmil- lan had just been delivered by the Soviet Ambassador, I felt that this was the best it e w s for some time; I thought that this must be the response — and a prompt one -— to Macmilllan’s letter of March 31.

In that letter, you will remem- ber, the British Prime Minister had commended to the Soviet Prime lvliinister the Three Power Proposal that the diplomatic pre- paration for the “Summit” Con- ference should start in Moscow in the second half of this month. He had added that if the Soviet Government agreed with this pro- posal, “we should then be able to divert our energies from con- ducting lengthy‘ public corres- pondence and get down to serious preparatory work without further delay. \

It was hardly to be expected

G that the considered Soviet reply

to the proposal of the British, French and American govern- ments could be ready so‘ soon: tliougli, if the Soviet Government

’ is anxious for work to start as

soon as possible there is not much

that requires consideration. For

PUBLIC FORUM

This column is open to the discus-

sioniby correspondents of question of

interest. The Guardian does not ueses-

sarily endorse the opinion of corres- pondents.

MAIL ROUTE

Sir,——-I read in a recent issue of The Guardian an account about three days’ delay of the mail on the Breadalbane R. R. 3, that is from Breadalbane to Crapaud and Victoria.

Your correspondent tried to picture it in the poorest light, and a condition of affairs not to be tolerated. Certainly. an occas- sional delay of this kind is to be expected, during a period of stormy, wintry weather. After- wards it may take considerable time for a snow-plow to arrive to open up such secondary roads to wheeled traffic.

Now, as stated in that account, our reliable mail-courier Mrs. Stetson Stordy, Victoria, left the latter place with a horse and wagon at 7 a.m., on Saturday, got as far as Inkerman and was there held up by deep snow. After waiting in vain till late after- noon for a snowplow to show up, she had to return empty-handed.

Your correspondent suggested that no such thing would have happened, if this had been a paved road, since paved high- ways have priority in clearance over unpaved ones. He did not exactly specify an alternative route (paved), but hinted there was one available. One can sur- mise he meant the Trans—Canada Highway from Crapaud to Al- bany. In such case our mail would come via. Albany, quite a round-about way indee .

In years gone by, more than one attempt was made by cer- tain parties, to have our mail route changed to come by Al- bany. Why? Because it is 'claim- ed this route is mostly kept open in winter, storms or not. This is true generally, but is that any reason why the P. 0. Department should be put to the inconven- lence of changing things around to suit a few individuals?

The Breadal-bane route. was established early in this century, and it is the most direct route by which to deliver mail to Cra- paud and Victoria .Att_empts in the past to change to Albany have been turned down by the Department when its representa- tives interviewed box-holders, who showed up the proposition in an unfavorable light.

We believe and trust that our boxholders will c o n t i n u e to exercise patience in case of oc- casional delays on account of storms and bad travelling. After all, those complaints are trivial when balanced against the good service at other times.

I am. Sir. etc. SATISFIED BOX-HOLDER. Victoria.

the agreement to commence "di- plomatic exchanges” at once does not commit either side to any- thing more than that; and it is already accepted that there must be-diplomatic exchanges.

NO CAUSE FOR OPTIMISM

But one might surely have ex- pected some reply to a personall message which Khrushchev had received nearly 1 week before. I felt sure that there would be an assurance that the Three Power proposal was being favourably considered. I felt sure that there would be some response to Mac- millavn’s expression of the hope that the time had come to “di- vert our enengies from conduct- ing lengthy public correspondence and get down to serious prepar- atory work” for the Summit Meeting.

But when the text of the new letter was published, all my rp- timism proved to be without foun- dation. Ktlmushchev it turned out, had simply ignored the Macmil- lan letter. He did not even say that he would be answering it soon. He" ' not mention the

‘dilplomati-c exchanges. He did not even _mention the Summit Meet- mg. Instead, the letter proved to.be no more and no less than anoth- er in-stlalnient of “leugtihy public correspondence" which Macmill- lan -had hoped could now cease in order to clear the way for pre- paratory work for the “Summit.” The theme was a reiteration of the demand for the immediate cessation of nuclear tests, now that the Soviet Union has com- pleted its 1958 series/— the big- gest on record. I find this not only disappointing but deeply dis- turbing. “GOOD WICKET"

I am not concerned at the mo- ment with the detail of the re-

v a repetition of things said before.

Three POWIET proposal to start P

possible calm. And that is equally’

piy to a letter whicil is simply

What concerns me is that it re- ply should now be necessitated. The public controversy must per- force go on. Kihrushclhev will not let it rest.

Prsumably — and indeed the‘ letter itself makes this plain e- nough —— he thinks that this is- sue of a cessation of nuclear tests provides the Soviet Government and its auxiliaries with what cric- keters call .“a good wicket” for propaganda both in N.A.T.O. countries and in “neutral” coun- tries. He sees in it and In the‘ question of “nuclear weapons for ‘ West Germany.” subjects which can be exploited to provoke and develop divisions of opinion and feelingzin the western world.

Now in terms of continung cold war” that would be a quite understandable objective. But if one is to assume that the purpose I of the Soviet, as of the Western‘ policy is to put a stop to the cold war. and to improve relations be- tween the Soviet Union and Wes- tern, Powers, then it ceases to be understandable. Whatever one’: views on particular issues, it is quite certain that one inescapa- ble effect of this kind of public controversy must be to exacer- ate rather than to improve Gov- ernmental relat.ion.s.

CALM IS REQUIRED

In particular, if we are to have a Summit Meeting that is to have’ any chance of achieving its pur- pose, it needs to take place in an atmosphere of the maximum

true of the preparatory work.

If there is'a genuine desire for a Summit Meeting and for an easing of tension, this is surely the moment of all moments when it is desirable, and indeed essen- tial to let the temperature cool down. Yet this letter gives me the uneasy but very definite impres- sion that Krhnushchev wishes to “keep the pot boiling.” It is this which I find so deeply disturb- ing.

Fewer

F a r in population in Sweden since the mid-1930's has decreas- ed by about 500,0()0 which repre- setns nearly one-third of the total in 1951.

For many years the number of farms too, has been dwin-dlinlg, and while today there are about 300,000 un-its, the figure is expect- ed to be around 200,000 in 1970.

In 1951 there were 180,000 farms in the category of 5 to 25 acres. Five years later nearly 20,000 of these had either been abandon- ed as uneconomical or combined into larger u nits, a tendency which is encouraged by t e au- thorities. At ',present these small farms disappear at the rate of 10 I day, and the cultivated area is shrinking by about 25,000 acres annually. Production of grains has already been concentrated to me- dium size and large farms, and the emphasis in animal product-

Formers In Sweden I

From “News From Sweden”

ion is expected to shift from small farms to la-nger units, including many that are operated almost like industries.

I Simultaneously with the decline in farm population the output of the farming industry has risen considerably as a I‘BSllII.x0f better growing and breeding methods and more intensive use of fertili- zers and machinery. The produc- tion increase in 1952-57 amounted to about 25 per cent. Swedish far- mers today use about 170,000 trac- tors, compared with 20,000 at the end of Would War II. Combines take care of about one-half of the harvest of bread grains, while 20 years ago such machines were us- ed only on some big farms. Milk- ing machines are used for about 80 per cent of all cows.,Since 1939, production per man hour in the Swedish farming industry has in- creased by about 60 per cent.

More than three thousand

years ago, as is related in the Old Testament, Joshua fell upon 3 the Kings of the North at a place 1 called the Waters of Meroxm, in Z the healwaters of the River Jor- ‘ dam, and “smote them until they : left none ermaning.” The Waters I of Merom are thought to be the modern lake Hula, part of which has been in dispute between the Israelis and the Syrians — and now, of course, between the Is- rae1is.vand President Nasser’s E- gyptians — since 1951.

In the armistice agreements of 1949 a section of the boundary between Israel and Syria was fix- ed along the eastern shore of the lake. In recent years the Israelis

claiming an area between the old eastern shore westwai‘d for a short distance.

Egyptians -—- maintain that the armistice line should continue to follow the actual line of the wa- ter. The Israelis think diliferently

By TheWoters OI Merom

New York Times

have partly drained the lake, re- '

The Syrians —— and now the

and during the last few months have attempted to move into the reclaimed strip of land.

It is a small matter, for the whole lake is only about three miles long and in its original form about a third of a mile wide. Nevertheless, there was fighting enough to bring out some fairly heavy artillery on both sides - and any fighting in that area is dangerous.

It is therefore reassuring to learn that the informal offices of the United States and presum- ably of U.l\'. Secretany- General Hammarskjold, who is admittedly more secretive about his diplo- macy than we are about ours, have at least temporarily ended the fighting. The result seems to At least both seem willing enough to stop fighting.

Yet these small temporary sol-

New Fields OF Surgery Opened

By Herman N. Bundesen. M.D_. THE antibiotics. such as peni-.; cillin. the sulfas and other won-I der drugs, are helping to Cure more cancer patients.

While these drugs in themsel- ves are not cancer cures, they have made surgery a great deal safer. By doing this, they have made possible entirely new fields of surgery.

EXTENSIVE OPERATIONS More extensive operations on the lungs, stomach, kidneys and bladder are now also possible simply because antibiotics are available to patients both before and after surgery. _

Such sungery permits doctors to remove greater amounts of tissue which may .be involved by the cancer, thus greatly increas- ing the chance for cure. Certainly this should offer re- assurance and comfort to anyone who might have to undergo can- cer surgery.

As a matter of fact, the great strides we have made in sur- gery in general since the intro- duction of ether anesthesia in 1842 should be comforting to any- one facing an operation of any kind. . IMPROVEMENTS

In the last quarter - century alone, the improvements in an- esthesia and the methods of ad- ministering it have been tremen- dous.

For one thing, we now are able to give a greater» percentage of oxygen with anesthesic gases. This makes anesthesia much safer for the patient. Should the need ever arise during a major operation, our present equipment even makes it possible for -the anesthetist to breathe for the patient.

SOURCE 01" DANGER

Blood clots formerly were a great source of danger during surgery With our new anticoa- gulent drug, blood-clotting is slowed a great ‘deal and the dan- ger is minimized. .,

We can use predigeted pro - teins, salt and sugar solutions, various vitamin and mineral mix- tures, and, of course blood plas- ma, to get a patient into proper -condition for surgery and to help him return to normal health fol- lowing the operation.

Today, an operation doesn't even necessarily rmean a long stay in bed.‘

UP AND AROUND

Not so long ago, patients were confined to their beds anywhere from one to four weeks follow- ing surgery. Now many doctors feel that it is best for a patient to get up and around as soon as possible. Sometimes this means the very day of the operation.

50. if your physician recom- mends an operation, just remem- ber that surgery now is as safe as medical science can make it. QUESTION AND ANSWER. »

E.B.: I have had a cracking on the side of my lips. What 1,; the cause?

Answer: The most common cause for cheilosis in vitamin B- 2 (riboflavin) deficiency.

OUR YESTERDAYS

(From The Guardian Files)

TWENTY-FIVE YEARS AGO‘ April 15, 1933)

_ A meeting of the directors of the Canadian National Silver Fox Breeders Association was held Wednesday at Summerside. The President, Mr. George Calilsbeck, presided, and presented a report of the work of the Welcome Re- search Lalboratories of London, England, in connection with the experiments on silver foxes for distemper.

In connection with the repair- ing of the C.G.S. Cartier at the Marine wharf it: is of interest to note that :1 Recording Echo Soun- ding Machine is being installed. The device is used to determine exactly the depth of water be- 'uea.bh the ship.

"l‘_EN YEARS AGO (April 15, 1948)

One of Chanlottetow-n’s most noted business landmarks — the Monaghan Building on Queen St.

NOTES BY THE WAY

A hotel chef says that carving is a lost. art. He should consult some of the juvenile 381185 In New York and cilicago--Sher brooke Record

New Brunswick has its ghostly “fire ship“ of Bay Chaleur, and for that matter any number of spine-chilling haunted houses and famous ghosts ashore. But We have never had a 300d 593 ‘ 01' lake) monster, at least. 110i One that was well publicized, and that is distinctly a disadvantage to our tourist industry.——Saint John Tel- egvraph-Journal

Thefts (from hotel rooms by guests) are a strange commen- tary on h-uman nature. Whereas so me have a feeling of guilt, when they take along the little cakes of soap because the kids at home like them, many appare- ently think nothing of sticking a few towels, even a blanket into their bags before they go out. . But they may not feel so smug about it all when they realize their names and addresses are kn-own even though they are nev- er oharged.——-Owen Sound Sun-

Times WILD Gauss , On the quiet, seaside afternoon they came In bra.ve formation, flying last and high Above the sun‘s burst of flame.

last brilliant

I watched them span the pale green streak of sky,

Then change direction, moving out to sea ' Wlith such a sense of purpose in

their flight ' They seemed to reach toward in- finity.

And now, long after they have gone from sight,

I see them moving still in the mind’s eye,

'Ilr-aci-mg the secret message that still bring-s

In silent beauty to the tranquil sky

The memory of lost legendamy

—-Douglas Gibsno

in the New York Times.

Rabbits are Dreyed “D01! by more enemies than any other ani- mal, says a naturalist, forgetting, momentaril_V- the I3-Xpayelfi —Pe- terborough Examlnef

One nice thing about being a prince like young Charles of Eng- land is that your postage stamp album would be full of pictures of your folks.——C‘hicago Daily News

Grappling with a currency divi. ded into pounds, shillings, and pence — to say nothing of half- crowns, florins and farthings — proves a constant headache to many visitors to Britain, but ev- en they may be surprised to know that according to mathernatici- ans there are no fewer than 324,- 946,182~ways of giving change for a one—pou-nd note.——BBC Bulletin

, The first to suggest sending up a man-made satellite, it appears, was Edward Everett Hale, auth- or of “The Man Without a Coun- try.” In 1871 he published in the Atlantic Monthly a piece of science fiction called "The Brick Moon. It described a large brick vehicle which was prematurely, catapulated into space with some unwilling passengers; the brick moon took a permanent orbit :- round the earth and became a marker for ocean navigatons.— Scientific American

The Age Old Story

I will open rivers In high plac- es, and fountains in the midst of the valleys: I will make the wild. erness I pool of water, and tho dry land springs of water.

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facing the Market Square — will -soon be but a memory. Making way for the new. Woolworth struc-

more than sixty years ago by the late Hugh Monaghan, it has hous- ed many well known business es- tablishment-s during the passage of years. >

A meeting to discuss the pro- grass of the West Point Ferry was held at 0’Leary last night with Mr. Sanford Phillips pre- siding. Captain E. T. Trefry, who recently returned from Ottawa, spoke on the brief which he pre- sented to the Maritime Commis- sion. The successful realization of the ferry service depends, he said, on the ruling of the Mari- time Commission.

MAXIMS

Fires can’t be made with dead embers, nor can enthusiasm be stirred by spiritless men. Enthus- iasm in our daily work lightens effort and turns even labor into pleasant tasks.

conditions under which they will deal with each other. President Nasser and Premier Ben-Gurion are not on speaking terms.

If they were, there would not have to be any repetition of this armistice line folly in a region where -the interest of everyone, Israelis and Arabs alike, is to make the land fruitful and to have peace.

JAP SHIPYARD SLUMP

TOKYO (Reuters) — A major slump faces Japanese shipyards, ‘a transport ministry spokesman said Sunday. A backlog of orders has almost been cleared up and unless new ones are received, 44 major shipyards will be idle in

iitions settle nothing. A sound peace in the Middle East can‘ come only when Israel and the‘ Arab states make permanent the. boundaries between them and’

September. The spokesman said 2,000,000 deadweight tons of or- ders have been cancelledl throughout the world in the last 5‘

six months. I

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