Che Guardian

Covers Prince Edward tsiand Like The Vew W. 4d. Hancos, Publisher

Burton Lewis Frank Walker

Executive Editor ~ Editor

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“The strongest memory is weaker than the weakest link”

PAGE § MONDAY, FEBRUARY 19, 1962,

China & Disarmament At a press conference in Wash-

- f#ngton last week, President Kennedy frankly conceded that any world disarmament must include Commu- nist China to be workable or “have

' any value.” When the question of

' Communist China’s part in disarma-

- ment was raised by a reporter, Mr.

' Kennedy said this brought up an

_ “abviously very difficult situation.”

' There is no point in having an in- spection system agreed upon by the

- Soviet Union and the United States, he added, “and then have another

. eountry—a large country—carry on intensive arms preparations. So the

| problem must be considered.”

' | This is the first time that we have seen any public acknowledge- ment by a United States President

- ef the obstacle of Communist China

- fm the path of the nuclear agree- ment on disarmament which the world seeks. It has been there all the time, and of course is growing

: more menacing as China pushes for-

ward its efforts to develop its own

‘puclear bomb. Of what use, indeed,

would a disarmament pact be with-

‘out including a nation of over

* 600,000,000 people possessing this dread war potential, or on the verge “of possessing it?

_ Red China today casts a gar-

“gantuan shadow over all Asia. It has set its sights on becoming an {ndustrial power of 1,000,000,000 people before this century Is out.

“To negotiate on any basis for world “peace without taking China Into ac-

seount would be the most incredible

“blunder that the Western powers “could commit. Yet China remains ‘outside the pale of the United Na- ‘tions, and, theoretically, doesn’t exist as a world power. How then can it be expected to come to terms ‘on disarmament? Mr. Kennedy's press conference didn’t throw any _Hght on this probleny but surely the

fon On Communism And Its Contrast With Liberty Under Law,” is being distributed to 1,400 bar associa- tions across the country to educa- tional leaders in every state. While acknowledging that “there are still widely varying pointe of view” on the need and desirability of teach-

ing about Communism, it makes

out a strong case for dealing with the subject “factually, thoroughly and objectively.” This is in accord with democratic traditions of free- dom, which involve the capacity to think and make rational choices. Teaching which departs from these traditional standards is self-iefeat- ing against any ideological challenge.

2,000-Year-Old Lesson

“We read so much nowadays about new farming methods that it comes as.a surprise to learn that modern farmers in the Negev desert in Is- rael are reverting to a technique of their ancestors of two thousand years ago, and finding verification

of the wisdom of the ancient prov- -

erb, attributed to Solomon, that ‘there is nothing new under the sun. _ Agricultural workers in this Middle East area are reconstruct- ing ancient desert farms which,

from archaeological evidence, flour-_

ished during the period 200 B.C. to 600 A.D., first under the Nabateans, then the Romans and finally the Bazantines.

The area consists of rugged rocky hillsides, cut by narrow wadis or valleys leading to broad flood plains. The soils on the slopes are very shallow--and- gravelly, while those at the bottom of the wadis consist of a layer of loamy earth often several metres thick. The an- cient desert farmers invented elab- orate methods for collecting and spreading run-off water from the hills to irrigate the soil in the wadis and flood plains. , ~

The Israeli researchers have re-

.stored two of the ancient farms with their terraces, walls, spillways and channels. They have made detailed studies of rainfall patterns and have started experiments with vari- ous crops to test the efficiency of these ancient farming methods. _ At one farm, fruit trees and vines were planted in 1958 and, in apite of the fact that two years of drought followed, the trees have grown very well, irrigated by the run-off waters, At the other farm, barley was planted and produced a good crop despite a minimum an- nual rainfall. Further north in the Negev desert, barley crops which had much more rain failed com- pletely.

Ten Millions Unclaimed

Speaking in the House of Com- mons the other day,. Veterans’ Af- fairs Minister Churchill noted that there are 65,875 World War II vet- erans who have not claimed their re-establishment credits, which amount to $10,364,000. The Ottawa Journal calls attention to this curi-

ous statement, and quotes the fol-.

=

A Wino TUNNGL ESTIMATED

ORIGINALLY Yo COBT $5,750, 000 AND TO BE COMPLETED In 958

NOW IS ESTIMATED AT$9, 000,000 AND HASN'T BEEN FINISHED Yer

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ANOTHER OTTAWA WIND TUNNEL

| OTTAWA REPORT by

Patrick Nicholson .

Federal Deficits And Surpluses.

Most Canadian families live in homes acquired through the | “Build now, pay later,”’ system, | And regardless of the. conse, | quent mortgages, we pat our- selves on the back as being one | of the home-owningest nations, |

Canada itself, ever since Con- | federation, has developed pre- dominantly on the same ‘Build now, pay later,” system. A study of our national accounts shows that in our 94 years of Confed- | eration, we have recorded a ot

- ficit in no less than 70 years.

Sir John A, Makdonald’s gov- | ernments, which perhaps did | more than any other -govern- | ment to build Canada, and un- | der more difficult conditions, | recorded 18 annual deficits and | only 2 surpluses. Sir Wilfred Laurier, riding the crest of the late Victorian and Edwardian prosperity of that great century of the ‘Pax Britannica,” chalk- ed up 11 deficits in-his 15 years as- Prime Minister. Even Mac-

kenzie King, who enjoyed the post-war boom of the Twenties and the beginning of the post- war boom in the Forties, report-

| ed 12 deficits and only 9 sur-

pluses.

It was under Mackenzie King that Canada recorded the high- est surplus ever - $676 million in 1947, It was not a badge of honour, since most of the 13 per cent increase in our gross na-

~ tional product that year was, as

Finance Minister Abbott shame- facedly told Parliament, “Due to the rise in prices.” :

In other words, we suffered— and really suffered — from rampant inflation that year. Our cost of living index jumped by about 15 per cent to destroy the purchasing power of our wages and to erode all Canadians’ sav- ings and life insurance.

But inflation also brings the government a bonanza in high- er tax yields. The result was that record surplus.

Disorder In British Guiana

By Carman Cumming

Canadian Press

Prime Minister Cheddi Ja- gan’s decision to call for Brit- | ish Tommies to help maintain order in British Guiana raises the question of whether the self-governing colony is ready to cut all ties with London.

The movement of British sol- | diers to the colony on the north- | east shoulder of South America inevitably recails the last time troops were sent there in Octo- ber of 1953.

On that occasion—six months after Jagan took office as chief | minister—Britain- suspended the constitution that allowed limited

answer is obvious,

“TOF ‘e ene 4 An educational drive that may have far-reaching effects has been launched by a special committee of the American Bur Association. It is designed to meet what the commit- tee regards as “a pressing need to provide regular units of instruction on the nature and aims of inter- national Communism.” Such in- struction, it is believed, will better prepare young Americans to value their own sysfém of freeddin under law and to meet the long-range Communist threat. A new haridbook, prepared by ' the committee, stresses the fact that education in democratic coun- tries demands “more than an un- eomfortable awareness that Com- munism threatens freedom.” The real need is for widespread know- - ledge in some depth of the history, Objectives and techniques of a move- ment which has gained control of one-third of the world’ é people and which has the will, and avidly . geeks the means, to destroy freedom everywhere: _ To fight this menace involves a ngs of fear, antipathy, or hatred.

Towing éxplanatién as given by Mr. ©

Churchill's department:

The War Service ‘Grants Act was passed in 1944 and veterans who were~discharged before then and are living’ outside Canada, or éan- not be traced by DVA, may not know the credit is available. Be- cause the funds are paid, not to the veteran in-cash but to his credit on ‘the purchase of such things as “household furniture or the tools of a trade, some veterans have delay-

ed claiming them until they married _

or in some other way found an ap- propriate use. And because re-estab- lishment credits were an alternative to benefits under the Veterans’ Land Act, some veterans considering applying for VLA benefits have not claimed their credits, : As evidence that most veterans know what is coming to them, and have claimed it, DVA points out that $10,264,000 is, comparatively, merely a small tag end of the $309,369,000 that has been claimed. i

EDITORIAL NOTES

Of interest to our farmers are the changes in methods of sheep pricing which were advocated at the

annual meeting in Toronto last week

of the Canadian Sheep Breeders As- sociation. One change is in the premium payment of $2 per carcass

> e 2 2 a s

‘and his government for alleged

pro-Communist sympathies, Jagan was jailed for a time but the durable left - winger made a political comeback and led his party's delegation to the London conference in 1960 that worked out a constitution pro- viding full internal self-govern-

ment. TO MAINTAIN ORDER

In the current troubles—com- ing six months after Jagan be- came the colony's first prime minister — Britain has made clear that the troops move- ments are being made ‘‘for the sole purpose of maintaining law and order, and are without pre- fudice to the views of Her Majesty's government on the policies giving rise to the pres- ent situation.”

Nevertheless the sharp out- break of civil disorder is sure to affect the thin of the colonial office on demand’ for full independence.

The British government had agreed to hold a constitutional | conference in May “to discuss the date andt he arrangements

of independence.” i

. Of some 170,000. Most of this

Staff Writer

Jagan, 43-year-old American- | educated dentist, sociologist and politican, has charged that a rightist conspiracy is working against his government.

But it is apparent that the op- position against him, partic- ularly in the capital of George- town, is widespread. And the | fact that the opposition is not so great in the sugar plantations and population centres outside the capital indicates a possible racial aspect to the troubles.

‘POPULATION DIVIDED

Jagan is a descendant of East Indian laborers brought to the the - canefields

when Negro slaves -refused to ~ do so following their emancipa- tion. He thus holds the support | of the East Indian community, | which makes up about half of the 500,000 population and is

predominant in the country areas, At one time he also was

backed by the Negro population

now supports the Peo-| pls. National Congress led by | Fokges Burnham, a former ally | of Jagan but now his bitterest opponent.

In last August's elections

Burnham's party won 11 seats, while Jagan’s People's Progres-

_sive Party gain eda majo rtyifo

20 seats in the 35-member house. Opposition to the government

‘centres on tough tax measures

and @ compulsory savings plan | proposed in Jagan's budget. Under pressure of the strikes and demonstrations, Jagan on Thursday backed off from some of his proposals—including a planned increase in the duty an most imported goods. day's heightened violence indi- cates his opponents are far from satisfied.

Anonymous Calls. |

Sherbrooke Record

‘Persons who are frequent vic-

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phone to call the telephone of- or the police to have the

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“This surplus,” admitted Mr. Abbott, ‘would not be justified

“| be helped and others have min-

{February Is Heart Month

By Dr. Theodore R. Van Dellen

PHYSICIANS have done more to conquer heart disease in the last 50 years than in all the past centuries. This is heart month and we are going to con- centrate on the heart this week. We will offer suggestions on what you can do to avoid heart trouble and what can be done if you are a victim of this disease.

Heart disease may be divided into two main classes—the infec- | tious and congenital defects of the young and the degenerative (arteriosclerotic) diseases of more mature years. The young- est individual to get heart di- sease is the infant born with one defect or a combination. Some of these abnormalities are so severe, prompt surgical care may. be needed to save life. Sur- gery can be. delayed in others until the best time. Some cannot

or defects and do not need cor- rection.

It is in the field-of diagnosis and treatment that most prog- ress has been made in congeni- tal heart disorders. Medical. science has ~prolonged the life of thousands of these children

NOTES BY

THE WAY

It is said that fluoridation be-,

the popu-| lation. But so, at any one time, do schools. — Ottawa Journal.

As the pundits tell us, there. are other things in life besides, money — the trouble being that | they-cost money. — Chatham” News.

Cashiers in the 36 branches of @ Nottingham, England, bank have been issued with can open- | ers to open piggy banks. They should be able to do a much) cleaner job than Dad with his | do - it - yourself hammer and | screwdriver technique. — Ham-

Plaster figures of Indians are used in exhibits at the Smithson- ian Institution in -Washington, D.C. They are so realistic, that an irate visitor once wrote her Congressman “to stop the Smith- sonian from shooting and stuff- ing all those Indians!” — Na- tional Geographic.

Inflation in Italy finally will benefit those convicted of crime.

by discovering ways to deter- mine the exact type of defect. Surgeons then went on to devise ingenious operations to mend — the lesions. .

The original heart operations were done through small. incis-

‘| fons in the auricles. The knife |

was fastened to the index finger which opened up the narrowed | valve without disturbing the.

pumping action of the organ.

Soon it became obvious that | open heart surgery would be needed to correct other defects. The surgeon had to see what he was doing. The trick was to maintain circulation to the brain and the rest of the body while the heart laid open. The | circulation is by-passed through a mechanical heart-lung_mach- |

as good policy were it not for,

the need to redeem our debty ion 60 and 50 degrees F. ar-

| rests the circulation for an hour, | by reducing the body’s need for

under such favourable circum- stances. We can do it.now with-

out hardship, and thereby get.

ourselves in better position to bear the extra burden we have to assume when our national in- come becomes less buoyant, or other untoward developments occur.

In those words, Mr. Abbott ex-

plained the theory of “eyclical | budgets.” This doctrine provid-_

es for Canada to overtax its

citizens in boom years, to build |

up a cushion of surpluses to that the country can accumulate de- ficits in less prosperous years.

This policy was reiterated by Finance Minister Walter Harris im 1955.

“T think there will be general agreement,” he told Parliament, “that under boom conditions fiscal policy should play its part. in placing some restraint. Conversely, when the rate of economic advance slackens, and the economy as a whole is not fully employed, a moderate de- ficit should be no cause for alarm.”

During the final years of the |

long Liberal regime, our econ- omy as a whole was. not fully employed, and Mr. Harris put

‘ his theory into prattice’ by pil-

ing up a deficit in two of those three last years. WELCOME CUSHION NOW This fiscal year, ending 31 March, will close with a deficit- about one-third the size of the deficits we recorded in each of the heavy - spending wartime

lective debt this year, using that cushion to pay higher old age pensions ‘and other social

security ‘grants and benefits to

these in’ néed.~*""-

| dent and Defence Minister

_

In the coming fiscal year,

| years. We are going into col-_

there is expected to be a sub-—

stantial increase in our nation- al productivity, with up to half a million more

Canadians at)

work, and at record wages. This

yield of our present tax rates, and would bring us much nearer

| a budgetary balance without an

increase in taxes.

| will result in a big jump in the >

Our present deficit, caused by |

welfare needs, is paradoxically

something of which we can be |

cruel inflation.

Egypt And The Suez

| proud in contrast to that sur- | | plus in 1947 achieved through | the fighting cells.

Marshal Amer, Vice-Presi- |

of Republic (Egypt), is currently visiting

Indonesia, According to “ In-

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ine that pumps away while the surgeon does his work.

this is by refrigeration. Lower- ing the body temperature to be- |

blood, These an y other in- novations have been worked out to correct mistakes of nature: (Dr. Van Dellen will answer questions on medical topics ‘f stamped, self-addressed enve- lope accompanies request.)

GASTROINTESTINAL STUDY

| said:

The Age Old Story

The newest way to accomplish /

equals 65 cents."’ From’ now on, one day of jail will be valued at $8. “Everything is worth more today, even time,” ex-

plained one official — La Na- |

zione, Florence.

Carlos P. Romulo, the distin- guished Philippines statesman

| who is retiring as his country’s | ambassador to the United Stat-

es to become president of the University of the Philippines,

ties never die; they just lose their faculties.” With such a. sense of humor, Mr. Romulo will keep his faculties for a long time. — Ottawa Journal. —

And Mary said, My soul doth magnify the Lord, and my spirit andl h rejoiced in God my: Sav-

Prover

In England. too many cooks spoil the broth. In Russia a

| child with seven -nurses loses

Until now, those who could not | pay fines served jail sentences | | instead at the rate of “one day

“Presidents of universi- |

A resident of a Quebec City suburb recently found an ele phant’s four-foot tusk sticking out of the ground. The theory is that it was accidentally drop- ped by English traders in ivory about 150 years ago. A man never knows what-he-{sgoing- to turn up, besides earthworms,

| when he starts digging in his

garden. — Ottawa Citizen.

OUR YESTERDAYS

From the Guardian Files

TWENTY - FIVE YEARS AGO (February 19, 1937)

Rev. George Gillespie, assis- tant minister at St. Paul's Church, was the guest speaker for the Y’s Men’s-Club at their weekly luncheon meeting. Mr, Gillespie showed several articl- es which he brought from the Arctic, and outlined the gener- | al characteristi¢s and modes of | the Eskimo people. Ee ; | A large barn owned by Sidney | Millar, Ellerslie was totally de stroyed by fire Wednesday eve ning, from a spark which ignit- ed a hay stack adjoining the barn. Much of the contents were saved but Mr. Millar lost al! hig hay and harness. There was no | insurance,

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TEN YEARS AGO (February 19, 1952)

| A fine selection of books re | cently published in the United Kingdom is now on display at the Charlottetown Public Lib. rary. Despite the difficulties une der which British publishers are working, these examples are up to the highest standard in every respect and include fiction, bio- graphy, history, Art, Archaeol. ogy and other subjects.

Curlers in the Sixth Confeder- ation Bonspiel joined in an eve ning of entertainment and good

| fellowship at the annual banquet

held last night at the Charlotte. town Hotel. Short addresses of welcome to visiting curlers were given by Hon. A.W. Mathe- son, Mayor J.D. Stewart and E, Frank Acorn.

bs Are Widespread

National Geographic Society

theme, and a thread of cynic ism runs through many of the saying on this subject. West

| an eye. In China too many = African: “Being poor makes it bricklayers build a lopsided hard to have friends but not house. impossible.” English: “Whea

A. B. writes: I'm havirg trouble with my digestion and | the doctor wants me to. have a g-i test. Is this done for any- thing besides ulcer?

REPLY Yes — for cancer, hernia, polyps, diverticuli, kinks, ob- struction, and spasm some-

where along the gastrointestin- al tract.

RADIOIODINE TEST M. K. writes: I have a goiter | and my doctor wants me te take a radioactive iodine test. With the additional fallout we now have, will it be dangerous to go through this test? REPLY No. There are other tests for thyroid activity that can be used if the question of fallout is of major concern to you.

HOT FOODS AND CANCER

V. M. writes: Will eating food sizzling hot cause cancer of the lips?

REPLY

We do not know the cause of cancer. But malignancy of the throat and stomach is said to be more common among races or nationalities that prefer hot food — and drink. °

STERILIZING PILLS .— C. A. writes: Is the male;

REPLY

No. This product has been abandoned, even though it pro- | dvces sterility. Side reactions occurred when alcoholic bever- | ages_ were taken with the pills, including faintness and low

GAMMA GLOBULIN AND GERMS

H.G.S. writes: Is it true that gamma globulin is thé body's germ fi,hter?

REPLY

Yes. The protein elements of

blood contain the germ

Egypt does not reco-

:

It would seem, then, that President Nasser may intend,

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Many other strikingly similar proverbs crop up in widely sep- arated parts of the world. The Japanese say: ‘“‘A woman's hair is strong enough to keep an ele- phant tied.”’ An English proverb claims: ‘One hair of a woman draws more than a team of oxen.”

These tributes to the tenacity of women and similar duplicat- es apparently developed inde- | pendently in different areas as man drew upon common obser- | vations, experiences, and prob- lems.

WOMEN ARE POPULAR

Thousands of proverbs have} been coined about women. A\| group of West African sayings has a familiar ring: “If you) want peace, give ear to your | wives’ proposals... Who mar- | ries a beautiful woman marries torment... Women take up their market baskets and an

| take up gossip.”

Chivalry dies in the old Eng- | lish couplet: “A spaniel, a wo-| man, and a walnut tree — The more they’re beaten the better they be.” Russians put it more | gently: “Love your wife like

| your soul but shake her like a

pear tree.” }

A popular internationa theme | warns against excessive talk. a great. talker never wants for enemies: | talk does not cook rice; and) mischief all comes of much opening of the mouth. ©

The English caution that “a spoken word cannot be. recali- ed."’ Russian and Japanese pro- |

| verbs express the same idea

metaphorically. Russian ver-|

| sion: “A word isn’t a bird; if it |

flies out, you'll never. catch it | again.’ Japanese: “A word

once uttered is beyond the | reach of four galloping horses.” Poverty is another familiar

poverty comes in at the door, love flies out at the window.” Italian: ‘It is more easy to praise poverty than to bear it.”

But being poor has its com- pensations, according to an English maxim that maintains: “Little goods, little care.”

Sometimes two proverbs ex- press the same ideas in vastly different ways. A macabre Jap- anese saying goes, “If youw have taken poison, lick even the plate.” In contrast the Eng- lish maintain, ‘In for a penny, in for a pound.”

COWARDS’ SOUND BONES

In some British colonies, na- tive proverbs are colorful adap- tations of old English saws. Ja- maicans say, ‘Puss may look *pon king but him radder not.” In British Honduras, “Coward man keep soun’ bone” is the Creole way of declaring that discretion is the better part of valor. /

Anthropologists believe pro- verbs were man’s first great at- tempt at abstract thinking. They place proverbs between magi- cal thinking and deductive rea- soning in the development of human intelligence. When a ci< stage, it has the beginnings of philosophy, ethics, and law. Their importance in primitive societies is summed up by a West African saying: “Talking a palaver without proverbs is like going on a journey without rice in your bag.” .

Though useful, proverbs often are contradictory as in “‘Look before you leap” and “He who hesitates is lost.” The prover- bial solution to this stalemate is ‘Circumstances alter cases.” But a rebuttal might be “Wise men make proverbs, and fools repeat them.”

_ RENOVATE...;

_ or REFINANCE ?

Eastern Trust hes ample funds

A. A. MacLeod. MANAGER ......0.00+ Gharlotistown.

Special Representative: Alexander B. Campbell, B.A., LL.B,