ocroasn 27. 1951
THE GUARDIAN. CHARLOTTETOWN
M . PAGENINF.
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CLEANEST
01!
Bins for
3I4r6ZMM047743cad
STOKER COAL
-mace-wuss-Q-oe-3-oo-m-coca-evil-M-co-c-or-sow-9-to-can
- lVr.vvs'r N01 as -
By J. A. Clark. D.Sc.
DOOr&-Q0-260-'30 Fertilizer Development
4.
7. o&-co-Q even the beneficial eiiect. of grow- ing crops of vetches or lupins. up- on the succeeding wheat. crop.
The overthrow of the Roman Empire by the barbarians. des- troyed their records and most of their practices of husbandry, and little is known except from old traditions, which were handed down from one generation to another by the workers in the fields. concerning the growing of com. the production of wine, etc, During the dark ages there seems to be 9. blank concerning the pro-
In prehistoric timel. the i159 9' the excrement of animals to in- crease the yield of plants. Would appear. according to tradition. i0 have been a. general practice. The English word "manure" had it-8 origin in the same root as man- oeuvre. and it meant work by hand, but later it acquired a fur- ther meaning of a. process or ma- terial used to improve the fertil- ity of the soil. The Roman DWI Virgil, and agricultural writers of his time. in iiieir lecord in ”m' duction and development of crops. cultural practices. memiim me except a chance record in Eng- value 0! mimlifdv ihe Vi"-"95 ”i lish tenures, such as, that ten-
mnrg when used on the iWi- End ants were obliged' to fold their
film
I
The following Reprcsentat
ives of the Sun
T-
lu discuss with you any matters relating to life insurance or annuities without obligation.
MRS. DOROTHY ROGERS
(JHARLOTTETOIVN -- J. ARTHUR CAMPBELL
J. A. MOORE VV. D. YOUNG. SUMMERSIDE
R. C. Shea. Finkoru; H. M. Chisholm, Tryon: H. C. BOHAKER - Unit Supervisor
Charlottetown, P. E. I. I
flocks at night on the lord's land;
the securing of manure in this way was one of his most valued privileges! 0 I
With the Renaissance came writings such as those of Ber- nard Palissy. the potter (1563). who recommended marl. lime and ashes, and showed that the
value of barnyard manure lay in the portion soluble in water. At the beginning of the eighteenth century. such materials as marl, chalk, lime, etc-., were described as manures. The cultivation of the land was then called tillage or husba.ndry..A little later. barn- yard manure was classed as "typ- ical manure," and marl and chalk as artificial manures, because in themselves they were not plant food. Van Helmont. in the Low countries, described an experi- ment that convinced him that a tree was made of water alone. A sturdy Englishman, Jethro Tull. believed that hoeing and stirring the soil would provide all that plants needed to produce full crops. .
uiernistry and Agriculture
It was not until the science of
demonstrated that light was es- sential during the process. and Sennebler proved that the oxy- gen came from the breaking down of the carbonic gas absorbed by the leaves. Desaussure found that the gain in weight of the plants was nearly represented by the carbon: which combined with the elements of water pro- duced such carbohydrates as sug- ar and starch. His ideas as to the source and value of the ele- ments of the ashes of plants. have been confirmed.
The great early German chem-
ist Lieblg thought that plants could take nitrogen in the form of ammonia direct from the air
through their leaves, and that the ashes of plants indicated the proper fertilizer that should be applied for their development. Liebig. though he did not contri-
bute very much in developing the theory of nutrition. made use of
the findings of the men mention- ed above. and from him and his great scientific reputation came the chief impulse which develop- ed agricultural chemistry. Per- haps his erroneous theory regard- ing the way in which plants oe- cured nitrogen direct from the air, which was not accepted by Lawes and Gilbert, started a. con- troversy which led to the found- ing of practical experiments and scientific research in agriculture.
Field Tests
Bousslngault in Alsace, in lwt. started practical field experi- ments, and systematically weighed crops and manures. He concluded that plants got their nitrogen from the soil. but found that cer- tain rotations produced more ni- trogen than he could account for. it was not until 1886 that l-!ellrie- gel and Wilforth cleared up this difficulty by showing that le- guminous plants do fix nitrogen from the air by the help of cer- tain symbotlc bacteria on their roots.
An English landlord, afterwards Sir John Bennet. Lawes, with the aid of Dr. Joseph Henry Gilbert. it chemist who had worked with
chemistry was developei howg Licbig, started a. number of field Pickering. Collection was Q2.80. eve... that my idea was formed as trials in 1839 to prove that these 'I'he,meeting closed with "The to how 9, plan; (3 me to now, ihE0ri9-?.. Presented by Liebiz 10 Kins: after which lunch was Agricultural Che 15”), may be the British Association, were not served by the hostess and com. mid to have had its beginning correct. These trials were made mlttee in charge.
with the information concerning igng:xfia:Iifgeii';ersei-L;igb3-V;-gingfzcg
the nutrition of plants. and the - .
discovery of the composmon of of the first Experimental Station. "NE JEWELS
air. Priestly. who discovered There Lewes and Gilbert demon- Ruble! . Oxygen, found that pmms purl. strated that ordinary plants could I B JBDP H85 and Jade found lied 31,. gamed by the 1-espim. not use free nitrogen from the " "1'm9- 3"? Considered among mm 0,. animals, Bonne, Showed air. They established the value of the finest in the world,
mat oxygen was emitted fro," nitrogenous manures for plants. mm-
the leaves of plants. Ingenhausz mid "1 5 Practical WW 5h0W5d JA11ANEsE ISLANDS
that it was phosphoric acid and potash in ashes that were the in-
gredients most necessary to plants.
0 0 O The three essential fertilizers of today: Nitrogen, phosphoric
acid and potash. were first ob- tained commercially as follows: Nitrogen from nitrate of soda. found and taken to England from Chile about 11138. These wonder- ful Chilean nitre beds, away up in thc-high Andes. supplied for years, most of the nitrate of soda of commerce; phosphoric acid was obtained from old bones and natural rock phosphate treated with sulphuric acid; potash was secured from certain salt deposits near Strassfurl. Germany, about 1860, and these mines are still 8. source of commercial potash. The science of agriculture owes I great deal to fertilizers. for it was from the profits secured from the manufacture of superphosates by Sir John Lewes that the great Rotlismsted Experimental Sta- tion was organized.
The Dominion Bureau of tistics has published the follow- ing data: i'Production of fertiliz- crs during the year ending June 30, 1950 amounted to 999,993 tons of materials and 899.32 tons of mixtures. Imports or fertilizers amounted to 803m8 tons. The larger items in the list of imports were natural phosphate rock, 493.014 tons; superphosphate, 152,- 429 tons; murlate of potash 114,- 253 tons; sulphate of potash, L0.- 130 tons: and nitrogen solution, 17.795 tons. Exports were made up of 578,997 tons of materials and 20,053 tons of mixtures. The principal materials exported were ammonium sulphate. ammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate, and cyrtnamide."
STISRLING W. 1.
Mrs. Blols McEwen entertained the members of Sterling W. I. at her home for the October meet- ing. There were nineteen mem- bers and ten visitors present. The President. Mrs. Elmer Fyfe, pre- sided.
The meeting opened with the "institute Ode" followed by the "Creed" in unison, The roll call
was rcsponded to by the members paying nipenny for each letter in their Christian name after which the minutes of the last ,meeting were read and approved.
Two members reported on lib- rary meeting held in Hunter River
- and it was decided that more in- .formation was needed before I
dec:sion could be reached. , The correspondence was read , . and discussed. Two thank-you icards and a letter of thanks were
received. The visiting committee report-
Sta- .
seconded that twenty-five dollars be given to the sanatorium Radio Fund.
The following new eoimnittees were appointed: school Mrs. Qranford MbiKay and Mrs. P. S Bell. Visiting - Mrs. Albert Flet- cher and Mrs. Blois McEwen. Program - Mrs. Mcciuigan and Mrs. D. 3. Reid. Lunch Mrs. ilhrle Henry, Mrs. J. E. Fleming, Mrs. I". S. Bell, Mrs. Gordon Fyfe and Mrs. Elmer Pyle.
Mrs. H. S. McEwen invited the members to her home for the next meeting when roll call will be answered by members paying their fees.
The President then welcomed and introduced Mrs. Wilfred Pick- ering. who had been invited to demonstrate the dyeing and shad- ing of hooking yarn. She supple- mented her talk by showing sam- ples of different shades and how she blends them together. This demonstration was much apprec. iated by those present.
Mrs. H. S. McEwen and Mrs. Lame Mcl-Swen entertained with amusing and interesting con- tests. The first being won by Miss Vivien Woodslde and Mrs, Carl Woolner and the latter by Mrs. W. 1. Green and Mrs. Wilfred
...m. The four main islands of Japan have a total area of 147,690 square
llAYli0R's LEGHORNS Mill t'.ll0SS-BRED ciucits
You can counteract high feed costs with higher production and better liveability. Why buy ordmary chicks when you can reap the benefit of our R.Q.P. (Record of Performance) Policy. Remember, like produces like. We know the ancestry-our custom- ers know the rest. They report 7596 to 8576 con- sistent production.
We will have chicks available in January, breeds and cross-breeds as follows:
Large Type. Single Comb White Leghorn.
New Hampshire x White Leghorn.
New Hampshire x Barred Rock.
All breedsilt. 0. P. Sired.
RAYNOWS QHICK HATGHERY
Mi- Herbert RR. 5 ' Phone lliilsboro 1-11 "An Accredited R. O. P. Breeder Hatchery"
miles.
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1 i M
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The Amazingi New -' Hi Wc1ter3 ARMOR-GLASS M011-POWER
V. III! to Dallas! any lottery you have our use
I Add Water only 1 files 1 Year (in IOIIII driving) :1. 3 iYnu' lleoey-Incl Ilarntee IV? Illllll CAPACITY - For extra power II on weather V Save up to 431.
Replacement W tor the service r
ed three visits made and treats Th , . . l i, .bl , H1 i. ," taken. Two ladies personally ex- APPLICATION i e N "Ce. .5 e owe; 953' 9 rice a wi assure pressed thanks for a treat and a 1- In Seled Iron , 9 P ' P P . gift 1-ct-elvcd. It was moved and :ri.Il:I' C13? p;i.':'l.?;.'.',' """';u:i'i T ' o - ' ll 0' IIIII . you of good quality. Thai 5 true of everything you buy. in- 211 15 1. 02 J . - . s 6- I6- ciudmg telephone service. ii ave 0 IM 5..., our Main For Any. Factory -crc Price You , - 1 II No. No. Tpo Qotkvy cap. lb! (will lulu-h) I-we
. ;:' 144 mu Heavy any so 9; sins sumo ; 5.
r.. o-so ani V-M was Super Santa 1:." Is.
' -u-so . i,-; 1:: ::::.... :".:;.5'a..: e i '-
nt 21 es are 0 u cien 0 mee we or t " 2: u: ma
' hi-"'46-50 W Li u-zs smm Suvletl SI no 74 95 14.10 nu . '33” ;: 2-L um Armor cum :12: ' 403' in 3:: 323:. 91 us. 30155 rain I423:
' '" "" 1-! ms: Armor n in sun n.u 13.2,
, Hall to '90 (Merl: "1 1-M N-27 sum same :1 us 29.45 u.:s I4.
' 0 a S 8'r::."i'lt'ti'.'so1fZ5c'yI.t ain't I'M mm" A"t't'CivE'o::l :7 In 56.00 some to.
l: 3:5: 3:3: !'..'..'.'.'s3.".l!. :3 is”; 33.32 til: it. 12: 2"" "'5'" A'3C'wim :1 154 36.00 so as toga
Inlet '-:1-u 2: Spll. N-l7 I-mo some. :4 (limit! 33-95 30-05. T "'" ”" ' -No-rt-.u old buttery not mad in-odd 34.00 to not men no-.
H": as straightforward as. Hist. Costs of providing telephone service required by Prince Edward Island subscribers have in- creased and continue to do so at a higher km than income. For that phone service of a good quality, an upward revision in Tele-
, -nn:m:'s ii non-rowan nun! to: want c PROIWEGAS ' up -mug; .. at PIICII mar siiv: or so
go! not dW5?:'!.n ow king an olgom olsonons - Clean -
Economical - mm." This Gas is:--
Sold by
smiLtY, suiw. & PEAllllEli nu.
Distributors of Mctilary Propane (in Range Stoves
I no (it. Geo. st. Phase III
l
reason we Believe lhef in order to supply tele-
phone Refer is essential.
THE. ,ISLAND TELEPHONE co., umm-zn
18'! GREAT GEORGE ST. Charlottetown . Stewart I Marlee