ocrosan 29. 1951

THE GUARDIAN. CHA N

rich valleys..the latter 5.000 feet

while Pakistan's population in

There are many different kinds

W?) . . I. ' - V ' l u. T -I . - W - E I I . ' I .m4 T ' KASIIMIB moBacterla.u yeastlh molds. mueh- there are little folds. Ipau 30! ml. . . olde. when gnu

' I ' m!:reidi(i:soi':msBi.ta'te. l(.w. India. Bur- tries. has a population most of are Iungruu:plnnltl:uwhicIlu:f'emklIld::xI they fall to than. ground. of ntainous and which follows the Hindu religion, to everyone. Then the! IN! Into new mg.

- I

PRESENTING NEWS AND VIEWS or INTEREST T0 TEACHERS AND ALL OTHERS SEEKING IMPROVEMENT IN nuuczmon

CITIZENSHIP

feudalism was a system of liv- ng which worked from the top mwnward. It gave little place to ,i.. individual-hi-I effort. his in- wmgence, his ambition and his up”-icy to contribute to the social welfare. It was a system of com- mantis. of authority and of re- lmciian, rather than of co-opera- mm, responsibility. and associative living, Consequently the individ- iigl was taught to look up rather ("an to look around and outward. sogjety today is built upon a dif- imnt basis. Individual effort and responsibility. co-operation and as- wciailve living. neighborliness and mvice are characteristics of a modern system of living. A citi- uznsillll program-for the schools of many should work from the centre ii lites concentric circles outward igoni province to nation. from no- ...,,. to empire, from empire to world The citizen must gather

achievement certain specific les- sons. . g (1) That civilization is a co- operative task; (2) that living is a joint responsibility; (3) that the success of the social enterprise de- pends upon individual effort. soci- ability. and dependability. The general objective of the course in citizenship is to develop in the in- dividual the capacity and the de- sire to enter whole-heartedly into the duties and privileges of real. active. associative living. Be that which you make others. From friendship comes faith; our faith in our friends, their faith in us. It is our most valued possession.

Besquipedalian. Literally "a foot and a half in length". Applied. usually with a humorous intent, to very long words.

Sestina. A poem of six verses in which the final words of the first stanza appear in inverted or-

mm the rich drama of human

tier in all the others.

BAUXITE FOR KITIMAT

Tlir. basic ore of aluminum is bauxite, a reddish-brown clay which is found only in tropical and sub-tropical zones in suffic- ii-nily high concentration. Bauxite for aluminum production at the world's largest aluminum smelter at Arvlda, in Quebec's Saguenay valley. is mixed in British Guiana and shipped to Canada by boat. Bauxite deposits now being devel- fiped in Jamaica will supply the needs of the new Kltimat project.

The bauxite is first crushed and then treated with a hot caustic soilliloll. The residue is removed iiy pressure filtering. The solution secured by filtering is agitated in largo precipitators. then under rlirmical action. it separ- aics into liquid and solid parts. The solid part, called hydrate. is washed thoroughly before being sent to the kilns. Calclnation. which is the last step in this ser- ies of operations. takes place in huge oil-fired rotary kilns. The white powder that results is called alumina and it is from this that aluminum is extracted.

Alumina consists of two parts. oxygen and aluminum. The two parts are separated by the elect- iolytic redilction of the alumina in a both of molten cryolite. An electric current is passed through a solution of alumina in the cryo- iite. which comes from Greenland Ind is kept up to strength with lluorspar mined in Newfoundland rhis releases the oxygen in the lam of gas and the metallic alu- inlllllm accumulates on the bottom 0' the electric furnace. or pot. (mm which it is periodically tap-

ped.

The average pot line contains some 150 pots and requires as much electrical enerzy. for in- stance, as the entire Montreal transportation system!

A long, hard job lies ahead in the B.C.wilderness. Engineers have estimated that to complete the first stage of the development will require the blasting and removal of millions of tons of earth and rock. The mammoth undertaking demands the best in engineering skill and craftsmanship. It is ex- pected that it will take three years before the first aluminum ingot will be produced in British Colum- bia.

So at the site of an abandoned Indian village. the Canadian alu- minum industry takes another stride forward. A new Arvlda with the same wide streets and spac- ious lawns. will gradually take shape in the wilderness. Alumina. processed from bauxite in Jamaica cryolite from Greenland and other raw materials. will come by boat from many parts of the world to a new harbor at Kitlmat. Vessels. laden with aluminum ingot. will set soil from Kitimat headed for world markets.

Only eight per cent of Canadian alumlniim ingot production is consumed in Canada and this fig- ure will be lower once the Kltimat smelter is in operation. Exports of aluminum from Canada in 1950 ranked fifth in value among all Canadian exports. trailing news- print, wheat, lumber and wood- pulp. From "Oval".

THE FOUNDING OF ROYAL GOVERNMENT

IN NEW

Royal Government was founded in New France because the Com- pany of one Hundred Associates had proven a failure. They did not carry out their promises to bring to New France artisans. lab- ourers and colonists in the stipu- lsted numbers. The Company was very active in making profit from lizi--trading but in other respects showed little concern in establish- 'Jlr or developing a colony. At last iisgusted with the Company's rule Ind due to solicitations from the chief officers and settlers in Can- ada. the French King revoked the charter of The One Hundred As- mclatlon and in its place founded Royal Government in 1663.

The officials of Royal Govern- ment and their respective duties:

ill The Governor was head of the civil and military matters. He was chosen by the King and was usually of noble birth.

(III The Bishop controlled every ielail of church and education. He ans nominated by the French King ind appointed by the Pope.

(ill) The Intendant controlled the administration of justice and Wltuloted in detail the life of the colony.

(rV.) The Council consisted of Governor. Bishop and Intendant and (in 1703) of twelve inhabit- "vi-l It was an advisory body and

FRANCE

none of the laws of the Governor or Intendant were legal until reg- istered by it.

Answer to match exercise. Papo-

catepetl-c; Rotorus-a: Kooka- burra (d); The Taj Mahal (b): The Giant's Causeway-(g): met-

allic ores are found in-e; yak-j; Tsetse flies-h; Tuareg-k; splni- fex-l: Kauri-m; l-Iottentots-n;

(iurkhakg; Aconcaqua-0: Cilia- lan Gates-p; Pyramids--r; Jin- rlcksha-s; The Penmark of the

South-t; Otira Tunnel-u; Maori village-v and w.

Answers to "Complete The Fol- lowing": 1. Bacon; 2. Talon; 3. Polo; 4. Simon Bolivar, American: 5. Copernicus; 6. Kelsey; 7. Lord Bydenham; 8. Do. Gama; 9. Jose San Martin; 10. I-Iidalgo; 11. Bell: 13. Edison. Phonograph; 14. Valley Forge encampment in 6.12. Penn- sylvania where George Washington spent the difficult winter of 1777- 78; 15. Venice; 16. Java; 17. St. Louis; 18. Edinburg; 19. Elizabeth: 20. Mary Queen of Boots; 21. Pitts- burg: 22. Wellington: 23. Oliver Goldsmith; 24. Herodotus; 25. Aberdeen; 26. New Hampshire; 27 l'iarebone's. Little Parliament: 28. Shakespeare. Burns. Burns. Words- worth; 29. Eagle. Tiger. Oak, sal- mon: 30. Neon; 31. Maselleld; 32. Fotherlngay.

lIOBSON'S CHOICE

This phrase is used to indicate a situation where there is no choice. 1' originated in the story of Tobias Wlnson. who kept a stable of forty iorses in Cambridge. England. When a customer came to hire a

horse. in spite of the fact that ap- parently he should have a wide choice, he was obliged to take the horse nearest the door. In this way all customers and all horses received equal treatment.

A PABTIIIAN SHOT

A parting shot; the final word Hid when leaving. usually of .1 provocative or sarcastic nature; a Pmins remark that stings and loaves the person to whom it is

addressed smarting. lfrom the habit of the ancient Parthlan in war of shooting at an enemy while fleeing from hire

SEVEN ISLANDS

One of the most amazing trans- formations brought about by the '-'0n ore development is ,.,arent 1" "W ""388 of seven Islands. 7"” Dicturesque' fringe of flat. "Wine sand. mirrored in the blue flatcrs of the Gulf and graced by -he seven rock-bound sentinel: en- circling the harbour. has just celebrated the tercentenary of tho lrrival of Father Jean Dsquen.

Formerly the quiet abode of

iiosinv

hunters. fishermen and lumber- jacks. it is fast becorrlig-, a pro- gressive modem town. animated by the frenzied actSvf.1 of boats arriving at the wharf to disembark construction equipment and sup- plies, bustling with cople coming and going. noisy wit the drone of aircraft landing and taking off from the airport. with the hum of a diesel locomotive tr , rting tn warehouses the assorted cargoes of

incoming freight.

and a theatre.

incorporated.

the former

Shore.

. Charlemagne Golden Horn Ulysses. Onomatopoela Leonardo da Vlncl elegy

epic

The Persian Gates allegory

William Hamilton William Lyon Mackenzie Jeanne Mance Aristotle

Aurora

Petrarch

Couplet

Daniel Defoe Archibald Lampman 20. Troubadours. .

--ss-a-s- 9ws9e9wr9w9sambuu-

lan War.

Italy. c. A

man Empire.

bour of Istanbul.

Cambridge University. fluence of some classic authors in their their artistic expruslon. melancholy. and their

1. The passage into the Red Sea is called the Gate of----

2. The Matterhorn (14,782 feet high) is a peak of the

3, The two leading kinds of live- stock raised on the pampas are--

4. There are so many varieties of climates in Chile. becaus

5. Texas and Louisiana produce most of the world's supply of--

6. Minneapolis has a huge-- manufacturing industry.

7. The boundaries of the zones of the earth are determined by--

8. Lines that meet at the North and South Poles are called

9. A large city near the southern end of Lake Michigan is--: 10. The State of USA. that leads in cheese making is 11. Travellers going west, when they come to the 180 degree meri- dian, set their---ahead and when going east. they set their back 12. The Platypus is an egg-laying

MUCH ADO AB

A comedy by Shakespeare. There are two main plots. One concerns the love affairs of Beatrice and Benedict, who fall in love as a re- sult of the clever schemes of their friends. each one being told the other is pining away of unrequited passion. The other plot has to do with a conspiracy against Beat- rice's gentle cousin, Hero. who is engaged to Claudio of Aragon.

I-Iero's uncle. Don John. from hatred of her father. bribes Hero's waiting maid to impersonate her mistress and keep a rendezvous with him. and then invites Claudio to witness it. Claudio reiecta his bride at the altar. but later the matter is finally cleared up.

This is an abridged form of the complete play and should, it at all possible be acted by the class. Note carefully the clever repartee between Benedlck and Beatrice. also Beatrlce's cutting remarks on Benedick even when he is not present. Notice how quickly each one picks up the other: words and turns them against the speaker. Note the plan by which Benedick was led to fall in love with Bea- trice. Nots how successful it was.

In Act II. Scene II! we must re- member that the following quote- tions are not heard by Benedick although all the rest of-the con- versation is:

to) "See you where Benedick hath hid himself"?

(bl "oh. ayl stalk on. stalk oni

the fowl sits.

(c) Bait the hook well :this fish will bite.

(d) He hath taken the infection; hold it up.

(e) If he do not dote on her

upon this, I will never trust my expectation.

(0 Let there be the some not spread for her; down to call him to dinner.

question of marriage is changed. marry her.-down to-before he

In Act III. Scene does not hear the following selec- tions:

is) New begin-down to-bait that we lay for it.

(b) she is lim'd. I warrant you: (c) If it prove so loving goes by

haps

some cupid kiill with arrows. Home with traps.

At. the end of the play. Bene- dick's whole attention toward the (ii

(I) Explain: I would not

trensgressed.

The population has at least doubled during the past year. The town has three hotels, is night club. a yacht club

Seven Islands is no longer just part of Lctellier township but is and officials are conferring with Provincial Govern- ment authorlties on better town planning to allow for future ex- pansion of the community. With the development of iron ore new industries will be established and fishing hamlet will probably be known in the future as the metropolis of the North

There is no lack of hydro-elec- tric power for all phases of the operation. The terminus at Seven Islands will be supplied by a de- velopment on the Ste. Marguerite River. some twenty miles west.

MATCH

a. A Greek leader during the Tro- b. One of the greatest artists of

famous king of medieval Franco and Emperor of the No-

d. The magnificent four-mile har- e. A rhetorical device by which the ALFRED EDWARD HOUSMAN (Walter de la. Mare)

He was a professor of Latin at and his poems occasionally show the'in- of the great restraint. their universal

FILL IN THE BLANKS

while at the mines lfngava Power company will harnur Menihek Rapids, 25 miles southwest of Burnt Creek.

Initial iron ore production in 1954 is planned to total 2.500.000 tons.

Plans have been made for the construction of o. town in the vic- lnity of Burnt Creek where three deposits are being prepared for open pit mining. At Seven Is- lands, work has been started on the government wharf which ad- joins the site of the ore-loading dock, and fill is now being put in for the ore classification yard The new mining area lies about 300 miles north of Seven Islands, Quebec, in two i.- ncessio ID. one of 20,000 square miles in Newfound- land and. Labrador. another of 3.- 900 square miles in New Quebec.

sounds of words either resem- bles or suggests the thing re- ferred to.

f A lyric poem of a moumful or plaintive character. often on the death of some person.

g. A lopg narrative poem written in a noble. dignified style and describing the exploits of great national heroes.

h A form of literature in which the words tell of one thing in such a way as to suggest an- other.

i. Tehran.

j. The Welland Canal.

k. Leader of the Rebellion of 1837 in Upper Canada.

I. First Canadian nurse.

in. The goddess of the dawn.

n. The greatest philosopher of an- cient Greece.

0. A great Italian poet and schol-

or. p. First English writer of fiction. q. Two eonsecuuve rhyming lines. r. A class of lyric poets during the

Middle Ages. s. Canadian writer.

appeal. He tried to exprem in language as simple as that of ll plain country lad the fundamental emotions of mankind. The emo- tions expressed are usually tragic. or at least covered with sadness.

mammal. It is found in 13. The national flower of Aus- tralia is called 14. The Bahamas a group of islands lying north of the Greater Antilles.

15. The Greater Antilles are-. --. --, and .

ltl. Fjords are usually--at the mouth. with water inland.

17. Fjords are numerous on the w. coasts of

u . .

. and . 18. Grimsby is the main centre of the industry of the North Sea.

19. The greatest coal exporting town of the world is .

20. The desert of Atacama is famous for its---.

2l. Santiago is situated on the river. 22. The Golden State is 23. The Peninsular State is--. 24. The Centennial State is-.

OUT NOTHING

was lord of all creatures. There- fore the whole world and every- thing in it was his so that "all that Adam had left him before he transgressed" was the wholeworld.

(b) I have known. when there was no music with him but the drum and the fife; and now had he rather hear the tabor and the pipe.

I have known when he would not listen to any music except military music. now he will not listen to any music except senti- mental love music.

(c) Is it not strange thatsheep's

guts should hale souls out of men's bodies. Sheep's guts were used for

making the strings of harps and other musical instruments.

(id) 0. Ayl Stalk on. stalk oni

The reference is to a. stalker sp- preaching a bird which he is try- ing to kill or catch. We might say: Keep on creeping up. the bird is still unaware that you are approaching it.

(e) If he do not dote on her upon this. I will never trust my expectation.

If he does not dole on her on account of when we have said. I will never expect to see my hunches come true again.

ff) One does not know down to liking.

You do not know how much an ill-word may do to cause a person to dislike some one.

(3) And the old ornament of his check hath already stuffed tennis balls.

Meaning his whiskers have shaved off for so long now they may have been used to tennis balls.

(2) Why does Benedict Claudio "Monsieur Love"?

Because Claudio is in love Hero and Benedick regards

been that stuff

call

with love

I. Beatrice ,3 .

joke.

3. What attributes did Benedick say the woman he loved must have? What qualities of character did Pedro and Claudio attribute to Beatrice?

she must be fair. wise. virtuous. mild. noble. able to talk well. and an excellent Ill ' ' Pedro and Claudia said that Beatrice was a sweet lady. very virtuous. exceed- ingly wlse. Benedlck knew that

she was rich and could talk well.

4. would they live happily ever

afterward? Very happily. but their happiness would consist of merry

More Adam I trlnuresnd he

word encounters.

cultural and pastoral;

3831'. "CI 34.253 841- In. (I931) 3.331.000.

surrender. The

the Pacino " PLANT

from the same ancestor.

plant was.

same family. How do scientists

Fungi lack the green substance which most plants contain and therefore are unable to make their own food. They live entirely upon other plants or animals, or upon food and other organic matter which is in duced by living things Strangely enough. fungi may be either beneficial or harmful. de-

Uilile Fuel Filter in

above sea level; includes basin of Upper Indus, and is crossed by R. Jhelum (which widens into several lakes) and its tributaries. Agri- extensive forests; woollen cloth. shawls, sil- ver work, and wood carving. Fine climate; health resort. Cap. Srin- Pop.

After World War II. the India which for hundreds of years had been ruled over by Great Britain. was partitioned into two nations now known as India and Pakistan. India, the larger of the two coun-

PACIFIC PACT

Three nations signed a Pacific defense pact at San Francisco, on the sixth anniversary of Japan's United States. Australia and New Zealand were the signatories of what was de- scribed as "the basis of peace in

The apple is a cousin of the rose. Saying that one plant is I couslii of another is a way of saying that they both belong tothe same plant farniy. Both the apple and the rose belong to the rose family. To this family also belong the pear. cherry, strawberry. raspberry. peach and many other plants. All of the plants in the rose family came No one knows exactly what that ancestor

It is not always easy to tell at a glance what plants belong to the

mostly Moslein. The difference in rcilgion is the main reason that the two nations were created out of the old India.

New India and Pakistan are having a serious dispute over Kashmir, a land which is on the northern tip of India and adjacent to the western portion of Paki- stan. India took control of Kash- mir durlng ilghtlng there in 1941. Pakistan still claims the region.

The United Nations has been trying to hold an election in Kashmir to let the people them- selves declde the future.

IINCUBK-United Nations Com- mission for L iilcatiou and Re- habilitation of Korea.

Braille. An alphabetic system of raised points by which the blind are enabled to read and write, in- vented by Louis Braille.

FAMILIES

know what plants belong together in a family? They can tell which flowering plants are cousins by studying their flowers. An ap- ple tree does not look very much like a wild rosebush. but an apple blossom is really very much like a wild rose. The flowers each have five separate petals. They each have many stamens. They each produce ovules. although they do not have the same number of pis- tlls. The petals of both kinds of blossoms are folded up inside the buds in the same way.