l .

Puuunui non vneuw IIIIIIII hlrlottotnwu. P.I.L IV the 'lIom-n 44 III! Sf. W- Toronto. uwuu: Office. II: llllvenlw Iinnet lbw. lfull Willa Geuenl lunnler. Inn A. Bunsen lumber Cuudin Dang NIWDOPU Pnhllnb

an umdaunn Mom oltbe Caudlnhue

Hamper Audlt Bureau of Cirwlauou

Bunch office: It snmmuside. Montague Ind

Authnrlzad ll Second Clans Mull by the Post Office

Department. Ollawn. By Larrier: Cliarloltetuwu. Illlll. Eluwheru in P. E. I. 39.00 U 5. 812.00 Dex Iunun:

"The Itrougesl Iemory is weaker IIII

the weakest ink."

DEC. Tl.lll955V

The Important Afghans

Strange how places and peoples,

Gualdiatz

"Coven Prhu llwui lllnl Like he luv" II13IPnneIBt.rooi Cunolnylald.

minim:-rside 31.1.00 per II- Jlhet Province: In

SMI-

Alberfun

It was due to an increase or the per capita disposable income, which rose, for the country as I whole,

from 312.674.000.000 in 1950 to 016.747.000.000 in 1954. There was also some increase due to what is called ”technolog'ica.l change." as. for example, the introduction of concentrated frozen fruit juices, of which Canada imported over 1.5 million gallons in 1954, or the equivalent of about eight pounds of fruit per capita. Along with these influences has been that of nutri- tional educat-ion, long concerned with the importance of I, balanced diet.

The same type of changes are

normally considered remote and of j little importance, spring into prom- inence when caught in the current of big issues. Take Afghanistan. for K

instance. it is not long ago that country

on an atlas. an annoyance to ran trying. to master the m.VSi9l'lPF gr-aphy. No one in the world knew or cared much the Afghans happened to he

of

was just a name in the school books. an unfamiliar blot

when l

child-

without much success,

geo-

Western

what doing

at any given time; whatcyer it was

was not likely to fluent-0 on the world at large.

llziye much

there was a comfortable wrap call- ed an ”Afghan”. but it mid lllil 3” nkgly yo have lppn put ttnwlllvtl ill Idahp or New Mt-xico as in .-Xt';,'li2ut-

istan.

'1to.l..y, it's :i diffvrt-nt

story.

Afghanistan is. imlce-ti. on the map;

and it is colt-'itlvt'ocl so in world politics that

import ant two Russian

leaders have traveled to its capital

city I worth of theii'i-winch. ll 19

l,,.-3,-"mg gifts-95100 million

it o peti

by the Russians, will store up merit

for the Communist cause.

That

cause, in the frank words of one of

leaders, is ”io llnvl". For the

ifht? Russian the Baglidari

break first

time in modern ltlslot'y, tho Alehans are in a position to bargain with 8.

great power; great powers, for Tilr. Dulles

perhaps with fill the

of the

United States already has cx'prcss-

ed com-crn oycr the lioncywl words the Rttssians have spoken in the ears of Afglians.

It is all ycry shnplc. of t-otuasn.

Afghanistan horrlvrs on Sm irt Asia and lies srptarcly lwluccrt two mom- bers of the Baglirlml Pact, Iran and Pakistan. Rloreoyer. it has a long-

standing quarrel with

lhtkist an

over a hordcr trilw called by sonic

the ”Pathans".

and hy otlicrs thc

”Pushtoons". But. hy wliutovcr name they may he cullcd. their troubles are made to ordt-r for thc

fashipncrs of Soviet intrigjuc. Just how the Afghans will fccl about all

this. once they hurr- the clear light

sturlicd it by of day, remains to

he soon. llmvcycr. for a pcoplc who have never had anything to say in world affairs. the tompialion to act as pawns in a Sovicl cztimc -for a

consirlcration. very great.

of course-will

l)tl

Cltange ln Food tlabils

1 other 175 million bushels of wheat

in-

Tme. l l

under way in the United States. There. in 1909, total wheat con- sumption for food was 475 million bushels. The figure for 1954 was exactly the same, despite the fact that population is about 50 million greater. or enough to consume an-

at the 1909 consumption rate. In the United States. too. less bread. po- tatoes and cornmeal are being con- sumed, hut substantially more pro- cessed foods and vegetables, as well as poultry and eggs and some dairy products.

A Site Of Dangers

The results of the election in the Saar came as no surprise; they represent, indeed a mere an-bi-climax to the pro-flerman sentiments ex- l pressed by the residents of that 1 much disputed territory last sum- met". The only unexpected develop- ment. was that the French interests managed to keep their German op- ponents from making a clean sweep, thus delaying the constitutional ' amendment which is necessaryvo restore the area to West German sovereignty. But. although it may he delayed. it cannot be hindered; for neither France nor any other Western power interested in the y Saaris future can refuse to heed the ycrdicl of the polls in a free and democratic election.

Within a few months, therefore, . the Saar with its heavy industry, p which heretofore has contributed enormous strength to the French economy. will pass once more into Cc-rnian hands. For. like it or not. l the French may as well abandon the idea that they can retain eco- nomic control over a territory that will he a part of the West German P.(-public. in may or may not be of any significance. as far as future rolalirms between France and West Gcrm-any arc concerned: but it is to he noted that the man wholed the s pro-German forces last Sunday did I the same thing for Hitler in 1935- with the same results. Things, of course. are different now from what thcy were then. At that time. Franco-Gcrman relations were rap- idly deteriorating; now, if reports

are at all reliable, they are grow- . ing more amiable. Nevertheless, it t would hc foolish to dismiss the Saar as a possible site of danger. It is to he hopcd that Sunday's election re- sults will not he the beginning of new trotllilcs for Western Europe

”( ml'mmm' Mill I" 14'' hl:”'l' which has plenty of them already.

ton. ill a rm-cnt. nrtu-lc in the laco-

nomic Annulisl. ”li:txI.- cilhor lmcii l M-"-"

buying morv food, lwttcr quality

fowl. or more ,-crx'it'vs with fowl,"

In lflfwll, the per I-upitii food nxpondr l Scnutor Knowland of California turn in (i:m.'ul.'i was Silll. and ill has slutcd that if Mr. Eisenhower lllfil. V323. in forms of mu--taut has not made an announcement on lllifl vlollnr-x', food cxpriuliturv pcr whcthcr or not he will run again in c:iphu wnx Kill lll 10.31), utrl K";'T lfl3ti by mid-January he himself in lilfsl. an illftllvzt-ill of six. pr-r t-rut. . will tlcclnrc presidential intentions. yyy. spa...-l. an ll... M-.-mgr.-. Irvin) 2.". Mr. Knowland. it will be observed. lo 124 per rout of our lotsil tlispos- is illfl lPaflt"F Of the extreme isola- Ihle income on food, and tlicrn isn't l tionist right-wing group in the Re- ;. gmai flf"zll of changc from one puhlican Party. l-I-is chances of win- your to the next. Novortliclcss. flirt: lhc nomination are considered thcro arc t'llllI1QPS in tho kltltls of almost negligible; but the fact that

food on which we spcnd our money. Gcncrally spcaking, in thc last five

hc fccls strong enough even to

enter his name in the state primar-

ycars ('aiia(li:ins hayc tended to l95 l5 0Vld9TlCe that isolationism is eat morc animal and protective Si-ill 3 factor in United smtesi 9011' foods and loss of the lower-priced W35-

encrgy foods, such as cereals. pota- ' ' '

toes. sugar. syrups. fats and oils.

In 1933.

pounds per caplta less of

of eggs, milk and clmcsc. Supply; says Mr.

consumers rate 10.6 rcrcals than in 1930: 33 pounds less of po- tatocs. seven pounds loss of sugar and-1.5 pounds lcss of oils und fats. On the other hand we ate I13 pound:-' more fruit per capila. kltll pound: more meats. 3.8 pounds lllfll'f' poul- try or fish. and zi little more czirh.

Drayton, has

not been I major factor. Grains and other energy foods have been plenti- filul. f tbouah butter and potatoes short supply for limit-

Sir Winston Churchill, in ac- cepling the freedom of the cities of Bclfart and Londonderry, express- cd the hope that some day "all Ire- land will be loyal because it is free, will be united because it is loyal, and will be united within itself and united with the British Empire." Some will call all this the wishful thinking of an old man; others. with just. as good reason. will call it I prophetic utterance of I ltetesmn whose 60-year association with the Irish political scene entitles hi view: to I respectful Morin. Stranger things than those which Sir Winston nuuilomd have our- nd from tune to time.

Fluoridation Tests

Ottawa Journal

Those who oppose the fluoridat- ion of water-as some in their time opposed vacination against smallpox and the toxoid treatment against diphtheria-will not find it easy to overcome the evidence of- fered now by the city of Brant- ford, in Ontario. and the cities of Newburgh and Kingston in New York.

On the basin of a ten-year test, with careful records kept under supervision of the Ontario DePilFl' ment of Health. Brantford reporp 60 percent. fewer decayed, missing and filled teeth among its school children than before treatment of the water. Incidence of tooth de my in Brantford. it. is stated. has decreased to I point to make it comperable with the rate in the neighboring city of Stratford where fluorine naturally is present in the water supply.

The report was prepared by the medical statistics branch of the Department. of Health. which add- ed the information that physicians and dentists in Brantford had at- tested to "the absence of any clinically observable ill effects" from the use of fluorides over the ten-year period. In the light of these findings Dr. Phillips. the Minister of Health. pronounces fluoridation "both harmless and beneficial".

NEW YORK EXPERIMENT

The controlled experiment in the New York cities is equally em- phatic in its luslons. New- burgli and Kingston Ire cities on the Hudson river 35 miles apart. Newburglfs water supply for ten years has been treated with fluo- rides in the proportion of one part to one million parts of water. Kingston water contains no fluorine. The comparison of the two com- munities ln the matter of tooth de- may as given by Dr. Herman llllleboe. state Commissioner of Health. and his department scicnl- ists. is summarized by the New York Herald Tribune:

"The younger a child is when he starts drinking fluoridated wat-

Brllain's atomic age dcfcm-r forces enter 1956 with a stream- lined organization. a growing ar- senal of modern weapons and ll big question mark hovering over compulsory national service.

The year now ending saw lllt' country boldly tackle the problcni of giving fully co-ordlnatcd direc- tion of the 1,500,000,000 pounds dc fence effort-

PRODUCE H-BOMB

If Ilsa saw the government and the forces:

1. Decide to begin production of the hydrogen bomb as a deterrent to war.

2. Announce a planned rcduction of 40,000 annually in the over-all strength of the forces to a total of moon by Mnrch. 1958.

3. Adroltly side-step a final de. clnlon on the long-range desirabil- ity of nIfionIl service which ac. counte for 200,000 of Britain's 739,. 900 men under Inns.

4. Continue development of 5 wide refuge of atomic weapons, super-Ionic Ilrcraft and gulded mluilu.

ITBEAMLINE SETUP

To meet the need for close ordlmtion of all services uncl; condition: of modern warfare and to eliminate costly overlapping of defence efforts, the governmcm in October broadened the authority of the ministry of defence-to give u directional control over all defame 0710148. bolfll at home and abroad,

I

er the more effective it is in re- ducing decay.

"The report indicates that among the children who drink fluoridated water. the number of missing. de- cayed or repaired teeth will be betwen 58 percent. and 40 pr- cent. lower. depending on age than the childrn who don't drink the water.

"Children who do not drink fluo- rldated water may lose between one and a half and eight times as many teeth as those who have the specially prepared water."

Dr. Hllleboe agrees completely with Ontario's Dr. Phillips on the significance of these findings. in fact is even stronger. The experi- ments. he told a New York medical gathering. "present irrefutable evidence of the safety and effective- ness of the fluoridation of drinking water". and denounced opponents of fluoridation as "misguided and misinfo u-ed persons who are ignorant of the scientific facts.”

Over the opposition of those Dr. Hilleboe calls ”faddi.sts and cult- ists" fluoridation cmitinues to make progress. Thirty-one com- munities in upper New York state are using the treated water Ind five more are ready to start. In the United States 1.115 communities are distributing fluoridated wetgr to 22,000,000 persons. Progress has been slower in Canada. but Toronto is getting ready to loin the pIrIde. and it is interesting to observe that North Bay by referendum has decided to do the same.

Ottawa's Board of Health is on record as approving of fluoridation and it is in City Council that oh- struction has been found-or rather I degree of indifference that amounts to the sum thing. With these reports from test cltieslin Ontario apd New York. with the official opinion: of the heads of the provincial and state health ser- vices. it would be difficult to just- iw additional delay. This is not something to be decided on pre- judice and hysteria but on the medical and statistical evidence- and that evidence now is con- clusive.

Britain's Defense System

By Ken Mi-Ilu-ral Canadian Press. London

all strategic pbllcy. Prior to Urtoher, the minister's responsibil- ity was only the apportionment of available resources between the three services.

The government continued the drive for coordination by creating a new post of chairman of the chiefs-of-staff committee. again folluwinz Canada's lead-

AIR FORCE KEY In keeping with the emergence of the air force as the key service In the nuclear age. the appoint- ment went to Marshal of the Royal Air Force Sir William Dickson. The defence budget also re- flected the RAP": dominant role. To the air force went. SWAN.- 000. bounds more than I third of the total defence " in of 1.- 537.200.0011. It merited II! II!!! time in Britain's history the! MI RAF had received the lion's elm-I. With 3.400.000 more and II 1954. the Ilr force began building up its force of Valiant Inedllln 18 bombers, which Ilall VIM Ch VlI- . can let bomber-now rucblu no duction-will form the bukbnle C the RAF Iirltojle bombd hi; Hunter lot ulna:-I rolled off the production line In inuouilc mn- bers but the once-pnmblnt all! let fighter VII Ihendohedrfh Bovernment Innouncod (III! divi- opmenf resources would be one-

offlclIl speed of me hour, Ind the R11. II, and

?oed

LIGHT AND DARK Plead. II we will for antitoxins

rue

To gulp It twilight hopefully. when we

Choke with the virus of uln-

trophe That the plague of lime bu spread upon the air. And be; and cry for any antidote Against assassination Ind assault Tlihe lftortress of the blood cln never I

The forceful scourge. remaining nfe. remote.

Only the vaccines of the vital stars And burning antibodies in the sun. The red inoculation spied on Mars

A 5 A MedTcaliyi.

dSpeahng

AVOID .ll0l.lDAY TRAGEDY

Acozyfireintlieflreplocell eapeciully nice during the Christ- mu season. But t.hIt'I probehly the want time to have one. 'ThIt beautiful Christmas tree standing in the corner is like dr! tinder. just waiting for I spark to turn your say holiday M0 tragedy.

HOLIDAY EXCITEMENT

And the children, excited by the tree and Christmas gifts, are apt to stray too near the open flames. Even disregarding holiday excite- ment. fireplaces account for In alarming number of burn Iccid- ents.

By taking I few simple precau- tions you might prevent I holl- day mishap and severe injury to your children.

Both plain Ind raised rlbtmn clothing burns easily and quick- ly. The porous weave of material: like organdy, b ' ” net. gauze. veiling and sheer voile also make them catch fire easily.

Materials like brushed-up rayon and chenille can go up quickly, too. These latter two sometimes are used in children's toy teddy bears and in housecoau.

On the other hand, wool. silk. nylon. vinyon Ind velon are not considered flammability hazards.

It's easy to flameproof theu combustible materials which Ire sometimes used for clothing. cur- tains. drapes rugs and the like.

The National Board of Fire Un- derwriters recommends the follow- lng method:

Mix nine ounces of borax in I gallon of warm water and stir well. When it has dissolved. add four ounces of borlc acid.

Douse the fabrics in the solut- ion unfll they Ire saturated. It might take I little longer for "heavy materials than it will for light ones. Then simply wring them out and let them dry.

Unwieldly articles such I! drapes, rugs and Ilip cover: can be sprayed instead of dunked. Washing the materials removes the -" wfiug. Otherwise. the solution will remain effective for about I year.

Except for a slight stiffening. the solution is not likely to harm the fabrics.

QUESTION AND ANSWER F.A.F.: Can an existing nervous condition classified as "neurocir- culatnry Isthenia" cause. aggre- vate or affect bronchial asthma, or ceuse asthma to become chronic?

Answer: If is not

likely Hut neunocirculato ,-

Isthenls would cause the asthma to become worse. It is possible that both conditions may have one primary cause. that in. some disturbance of the nervous system.

Of couru. you should be under the care of your phypician,

And milk-white colonies where Ipace is spun

Maintain l ' 04 um blight

That havoc robbing us of living light.

-Harold Zlotnik. In the New York Times.

zation" of the reserve fleet was being canted out in order to give immediate readiness in the event of war.

The navy reported. "considerable brozress" hId been made in im- Dl'0V1nl high-speed submarines of Rreat underwater endurance and in developing lhlpborne guided weapons.

MOBILE ARMY

The army. forced to ubsorbmost 0' the 101700.000 pounds cut in de. fence spending from the 1954 tot- ll 01 1.039.900.000. pounds laid plans for I smaller but more mob- ile and better-equipped land force The Irmy'I share was 484,000,000 pounds compa ed to 561,000,000" pounds in 1954.

"file main problem facing Gen- Sir Gerald Templer. chief of the Imperial general staff, was strik- ing I happy medium between the Irmy'I need toprepare for nuclear- Ize warfare and its more canven, tlonal "cold" war and police-action role: in trouble spots like Malaya, Cyprus and Kenya.

selwyn Lloyd. who succeeded Herold Macmillan as defence min- later early in the year. said the army in Europe is being main- tained at I strength of four di- vision: equipped- with up-to-date weapons to help man ”lhe NATO screen." Canadian forces in Eur- ope Ire IttIched.to the British command.

Home defence forces were also brought directly under the defence mllllltry in 1955 to co-ordinate plans of military Ind civil author. ltlee. It was Innounced tthat Gen. Sir Robert Mensergh would :9. llnq lilI II commander-lip c Illlod I in northern Eur- opeenlyinlnsciotakeupanew poet of commander-in-chief United Klludnm lend forces.

Twenw-live mobile defence but. telloue were raised and Inolber 23 pinned for special training in first Ild, rescue work and fire fighting.

COMPULSORY SERVICE

Al the yen ended there you uowlu IndlcItionI the govern-

::.wi"..M::.!-e'""- W In I technical Adv '

Anynooufbe pawl lowoor a lovely notched not of NK Cull Links pad '80 Hip . . .dohb1 -designed, briliomly t 4. eo-

Norts av

A4 The l Gun:-dln

a-T

THE WAY I

uttle Jeek llerllf. VII stock In klltbumbendwlledoutenlum. bouted Ihout It publicly. thin be- in; before the darn of PlrllIment- Ii-y inveetlutiou.

' -Edmonton ' '.

II the old lone Ind been day: we did not buy I our style buggy before the old one vru worn out. Ind they did not colt hundreds where they cont thousand: today. The money upkeep was not so great, either. and Ottawa did not soak us It per cent tax on the bay-fuel we fed into the engine either. Al we remember it. people did not buy I new stream-lined horse every couple of years Ind yet they seemed to be quite happy.

-Rldgetown Dominion