a

O

l l

. A :' ...... .. ., ,__” N - . . _-.,.. . . . -A 1' r ‘ 'r . “mhwrv ~~~v wt.» ~ '~ ,. ‘ 5”... who“... coup} “gm” 1,. apprehended and triedidoor hsd been placed beiore the light. Noni. in {J 0 4C t 1: ll 0 ‘ 1p), mo “fence ; Wynn.” it they louud ii true bill. Smith‘s room. thore was uothis . which could lc' -~~--w «WM—"v ~ --~ ~ MM tum "om deficiency or [much he was now ucquittetliconut for this appellant». .tl .bed W“ m I t THE BE‘. in“ "3.1, m, mum" never again be molested. oven ditIeruut port. and there 1"! MIN!" cupboard “or I stood sud listened to Korea‘s roar. liltougll the tentw‘my W“ “1"” i“ “Ki‘i- Th" 3’1"“ We“ "“ "‘3 Nomi “Willi hi" '0’ we “at W“ up

As on the acts-ling ersgsit leaped and rsved. And spentth fury on the rugged shore.

Whetulnilny siu§;—nlns, where low sro saved. ' I ,

u‘ 0 tflwborons’doep! to-duy thou an s il‘it‘lltI "1'9 trotting tssii upon tiiv tranquil ituiu.-—- ‘ But inly'st to-morrow pwve his total ice; . Ho ninth—his foe thou enu‘st not be 137" '

The best of ocean‘s wsvu sepMchmiaoiinJ, As on the darkened nir they st*"&“l)' “304"; To the it scene so if their cowl": 'iw‘l. Revive and utter their “WWII 8'03“!

in“ a"... “Dumkinpoidvl not his form h-night; In his Elwyn,» comes forth to destroy;

l“. v." unmodtltkel the sea run mad. Aad in 5;.grssp whole ducts are but s toy!

Th. d,.nou clill'i urn linking in the gloom. ind trembling ships hum: to wide spectral shoals; 0 God of i’ityl stuy their i'cnrl'ul COUI‘M'. And snatch from i‘oitive gritves dcsptiriog souls.

fS‘r‘iliitt flit tr 3.! int ti.

,. cwxc- t.-.

THE TRIAL 190R Ml'lliH‘lil.

It hits frequently occurred to incsthut if any member oi the bur, who bus been for it l‘ew yenrs It. pructico in our criminal courts. possessing the no' Uncommon qnulitios oi ii modernin tinderstnuding. a mind upon to conviction. and n tolerable share of attention to the Civics which occur. would communi- cate to the world the result of his experience, ll:- would do more to enlighten the public mind lipot. tho nature and pructicnl operation of thut most valued of our institutions, trini by jury. thtin could be cilecwd in any other mode. No man can lltu'v attended, even luv it single day, either as s juror or A on»... in any “at: of our courts. whether civi or eximinnl. without luring been struck. it he be ot nu observant habit. by verdicts utterly at vuriunc. with the facts upou‘which these verdicts have been rounded.

One of the most extraordinary and interesting trials of which I ilnd my account in my note-book, tool: piece very little less thiin thirty years ago. It is instructive in many points of view. To those who believe that they see the linger oi I’rovidenm especially pointing out the murderer. and guiding. in oslow but unsrring course. the footsteps of the avenger oi blood. it will nilord s mutter of deep meditation and reflection.

In the year lS—-—. John Smith (I use fictitious numss) was indicted tor the wilful murder of Henry Thompson. The case was one of s most extru- ordinsry nature, Illd the interest excited by it \vni- oltnost tinpiirsllelcd. The accused was n gentleman ol‘ considerable property. residing upon his own «title, in N! no requeutcd part of the country. A person suppose to be an 'cutiro Btrntl‘gcr to him. had. late in s summer's dsy, reoriented and obtained shelter and hospitality for the night. He had, it was supposed. after taking sumo slight rcircshmcnt. retired to bed in poriect henlth. requesting to bt‘ awakened at on early hour the {chiming morning. \Vlicn the servunt appointed to call him entered his room for that purpose. he was found in his bed por- iectly «lend; sud from the appearance of the body, it wits obvious that he had been so for many hours. There w‘u not the slightest msrk of violence on his person. stud the countenance retained the stints ex- pression Wllit‘il it had home during life. Grout consternation was of course excited by this discovery, and inquiries were immediately tundc~ilrst. as to who the stranger was. and secondly. as to how he met with his death. Both \vere untuoceulul. As to the former no inlormntiou could be obtained. no clue discovorol to lend to the knowledge either ni his nuns. his person, or his occupation. He had arrived on liorselmt'k. and was ssen‘parsing through a neighboring village about an hour bclnrn he reached the house when his existence was so mysteriously terminsted. but could be trucud no Iurtlisr. Beyond this nil was conjecture.

Willi respect. to the desth, as little could be learned it! of tho dud nun. It wits. it is true. sud-ion. uwi‘ully sudden ; but there was no reason. that alone excepted, to supposo thst it was caused by the bond of mun rsther than by the hand oi God. A coroner’s jury was of course summoned; and alter an iu~ vestigntion. in which littlu more could he proved than that which I hst just stated. n verdict was returned to the efl’cct that the diseased died by (In! visitation of God. Days and weeks passed on, rind little further was known. In the mesotime. rumor hsd’nivt been idle. Suspicious. vague. indeed, and undefined, but oi s dark and lcnriul character, were st tlrst whispered. and afterwards boldly expressed. The precise object. of these suspicions was not clearly indicated; some impliculed one person, some soother, but they iill pointed to Smith. the mentor ol the house, so concerned is the death oi the stranger. As usnsl in such uses, circumstances totally on. connected with the tron-notion in question. matters many yeiirs antecedent. lIDtI relating to other persons, us well its other times, were used as auxiliary to the

resent charge. The ehsvai-tor oi Smith in early lilo had been ulposed to much Obstl‘hltiun- While his father use yet slivs. he hiid lclt his nstivs country. involved in debt, known to hove been guilty of grant irregulsritics. sud suspected of not being over-scrupulous ss to the mode of obtaining those supplies of money at which he was continually in want. and which he scorned inexplicably to procure. . 'I‘sn yours and more had elapsed. since his return ; 3nd the events at his youth had been iorgotten by many. and to runny entirely unknown; but on this occasion. they were revived. sud probehly with considerable sdditions; sod in Ins the magistrates were induced to commit Mr. Smith to pill. t’o'iske his trisl lor the wilful murder of Ilonry Thompson. As'it was deemed essential to the sttsinmeny oi justice to keep secret the nomination orths witnesses who were produced before the magistrate. sllthe information of which tho' publiowere in'popussion before the trlst took pleas, ' ‘fi'iM‘ hit I have have narrated. Bitch ‘3': .m on the morning of the trisl. Seldom.

'6

lotion been so buy us it yes upoii’ I sou. Vow to. its tile moans «were do ham spot , up; inlet and set

which they no not int-0‘

insult the life of n fellow onuturs is involved in the wit

issue.

7, t WMubtsoi_

av automaton-riot Hit:

‘M“M‘O'u so “ssysdditisnluostu M. ill»! "r “ ‘ mm; 3m”; b. amour“, ml which dembygayln; lt I’m“ self a mi,

m it}

so. tightly do scene..- he livid described. was stated over again, matters in but it was utterly lmpouible. iron the canes before co corned, inn mentioned. to ascertain. when thelight disappesred.

The d vs ch to the grand jury ii on the over this extraordinary trsnssetian the witness per- il ‘ arable 1:36“ elicited A good 50“ st stated in siding snow (more to tits former state- He had recommended them it they a.

eulleiengy of the light into Smith‘s ‘v in. end before ithas ex- to throw out tit. it m to the. most fiddly and cleurly to ntsrvens between the

“My. “a”, ,. was supposed. wry considerablc diagtirely empty. the room in which ho dressed, being vengmu ,«tioug themselves. returned a true bill.‘boyoud It. .. Lu“... .tic charge, it was conjectured that the proofs (To be conclurl. rl iiezttcrt‘k.) lop-ed to the growl jury inust hiivo been strong to hnthurizc stit'lt alluding: and n strong impression

in cause. notice ircvitih-il lltttl tlwro would ultimately ’ be “ couéicnuu i To be let tor a term of 4 years. from in! MA) next, that .. ' . Valuable property situated in the Royalty. about one “"3 WW!“ for me Monolith)? opened h" 7““ tulle distant from the City of tjhiirlottetown. fronting on to the Jury in u Hullnet' that tntltcnlod very little the st. Peter's ltoml on one side. and on the lower Royalty cxngcl‘litltl ofncouviction. lie begun bv iiuplortng ltoiul and on the lltlttburo‘ Rivcr tilt the other aside. and ‘ b . s t ' ' . t i . . . i t I. 4 ‘ t - . them to divestthctr minds at all lil;t’. they hud licnrd ;‘::‘;:‘{}l“8 “N;le Ni" Wmszf‘m“. "Um; L at???“ ‘ V ' I ’ I I t Z. n uvlot‘o they come into the box; h.- entreiited them ' 9‘” " l i “W” " “i‘ ‘m L" ‘ “-"

, . . thu R. N. The property being e0 Well eitutted its to to ttllcuti to tho. oridence. Mid Jililxe {roll} "“u “loin” road and wutcr ltoutiige, that it can lit' lot in two. three or iii: stated thut in tho courso ol illl experience, which Iour «penis tenements. end will in: M lugvlln‘t or nephr- wu; very grvg“. ho had nave; me; with a cm“, ater or may be desired. No wood. trot-ii or lii‘ushmcut of

‘ - . ‘ . t itin kind to be out union for not on the births. tit-clot: 13;;{333‘ixdgtzfgzéngfis‘r’ "ml uh“ up“, “hid. he tender. {or the whole or any port or parts thereof will be

‘ Th” Whoa" M u”. 1’” received by the Subscribers until the lilth lIAltttlI nut. was a man moving in it respectable stntion in society. 1i, ltltb‘h’AN. and maintaining it fair character. He was. to till D. “09050” appearance. in the possession of considerable pro- perty. and was ubovo the ordinary temptations to commit in) tool a rritue. \l'ith respect to the pro. lperty oi ll.o deceased. it was strongly suspected tlint {ltd had either been robbed oi. or in some inexplicable unsuner llldiic army with, gold rind jewals to it very .lfll‘gc amount ; y’cl, in candor be In: bound to tliltil that no portion oi it, however trifling. could ii)‘ traced to the prisoner. As to any motive ol ‘uteilico or revmigti. none could by possibility in: :is.-iguml. tor the prisoner and the deceased were. its tar as could be ascertained. total strangers to each other. Still there Were most extraordinary circuui- (_ A I I h W!“ KIT

. - ' , .' t .ur s n . a . "'"i‘i" °"f‘”°"‘“‘l ""l‘. h" flew" WWW“ “"l‘ 60 I301. I‘Zdiuhtirgh sci-1.acuescttsitmoxn. susptetou it. it’lt‘d, rind. impciiously demanding or w .. mmM-‘x x ‘ “rm, plnuntion; nun i‘. nun Justice. no less to tho net-used Cum CLARITY. than to the public, that the cuts should undergo n 3 llblsUl’ltltANl‘S. judicial investigation. This deceased, Iionvy '"r’l 3° R-‘FIM-Vi‘iv "W‘,'i_1:’.li‘- l‘h iinpson,wns ujrwiillcr, residing in the metropolis. o IUS' mm“ "mm," “up mg: [M i u" wealthy, und itt considerable business; and. its was not; (‘ru‘ellet‘l SlliiAlt, ‘ Culu li'd‘lllng Sijnk. the custom of his time. in the lpibit of personally Iiitdonttti iiili‘. 1‘. ll. ill. l. un‘l illlil l'. ll. conducting his principal il‘flllflttt'llt)ll::t with the lllCl'v 6 “ms 6 IN xvii-giinvg chants with whom he traded ; and it was to moot 20 I)“. Am. mum‘fi‘a‘ 20 “Sign. 13-“:ng one of tho hitter, of whom he was to make is large __ALSO__ purchase. thut he had lslt home it month before his A Inge stock of Spices. Pickles. Fruit. cc” 8:e.. suitsbl: denth. It Would be proved by the landlord of the [01’ NW Numb I ‘ _ inn where he had stopped. that he and his corrcs- .n‘“ “m” "mi"? "3 °f "‘9 ""y 1”“ de‘u‘pnm" “‘1

. t ' . mil he sold chimp tor Lush.

pondsn. llil'l been there. and fl wealthy Jeweller ol meEL MCKAY. the town. well acquainted with both parties. hurl seen Charlottetown. Dec 17. tsno.

llr. Thompson slter the departure of the other; w‘ W

tlUll could iiwciir positively as to there being then in ~ ' ~ ‘ ‘ .

his possession jewels of lnrge ruins, and gold, and i“? “Fimv‘ig’ by "W Subwnhcr- P" Whom!" "My ecrtiiin drults. the parties to which he could describe. “Job‘s; £32230: aging:“iu'iifl‘sintmgu £533"; Till. W‘s 0" "10 morning 0‘ TIN-""PUOD“ depl‘rmfli Franklin. thi. churncicr'oi' which is so well known to our ‘Illti thc dny but one preceding that on which he island farmers, to whom they have given such general lulilt- iii-rived at the house of the prisoner. “'hiit had W‘loni 11*”! Will “0 301d M the “will mm”. for Cflsh 01' become of him in the interval could not be oscer- “pl'mnd 50"" , ‘ mined; nor was the prisoner's house situated in thc . rw J- CLA RI‘J‘J- rnud even which he ought to hove token. No re- orwfln’hf? 8'3"!“ 8 2 linuce. however. could be placed on tlint circuiu- “rim” ".iZL'ji.".‘FA':.H--....-. stance ; tor it was not ut iill uncommon for persons

. mBltlTlSlI PERIODICALS. who travelled \vith property about them. to leave

the direct road. even for n coasidernble distance. in rho London aunt". v Ravi." (Gunman...) order to socuro themselves as eiioctunlly its possible The E inbnrali Review, (\Vhig.)

lrom robbers. by \tllOllt the remote parts of the T110 ngnmstdr ROVlOW. (“NW”)

country were then greatly infested. He had not Th. 30 m British Remowili’r‘” “$th

been neon from tho time of leaving II— till he , lulu . reached the vtlizige tidinining Smith's house. through BlaCkwood I Edinburgh Mastuno' (Torr)

which lll.‘ pitincti .witlinnt ‘cvyn' n tnomotttury liiilt. “113.1; mm". pmodiuh W. "WWW :cp.,b);shcd b). [In Wits seen to slight at Smith 9 gate, lllld the next u: in aims“...- “,1. M 1.. rpm-m... 11...... who k...“- tnnrniug was found timid in illl'i lied. Ilo now eittne thorn and will have long ntlbstjllht‘ii to them. tit-ed no re. to the most extraordinary pain of the case. It would "mil"; lim‘" “1”” “‘3 0"“ W" "i ii“ 1'" (“V it'll" “ix

‘ _ | . . . I .» deprived of tilt” once Welcome «apply iii" the best patio lie. he proton Ltyoud the possibility or n doubt that the Amman. Wm he and .0 M" m...“ "a." “mm. the...

deceased died by [it'llotlil—litllstl'n til it most subtle "up; and than win. an, n..." y... M... “M mm um... nnture. llltHl. active in its upcrntton. and possessing will unpul’cdly be wall pinned to twelve accredited fl‘pbtlst the wonderful and ilrcudiul q’mlit)’ “i leaving tio “‘11; ngm“ “Emol’fl‘m‘lr‘w‘ “‘4 “uflimih externul mark or token by which its presence could

. . . . . TERM' ‘ be detected. The ingredients of which it was coni- ‘5 you "67’

LANDS TO LET.

tlhsrlottetown. Dec. 19. 186‘.

In West India House. [Ipper Great (alum-go Street-

CI—IRIS’ ‘:‘\_I_AS, 1866.

’ llE Subscriber nil'ert lor Sale. st. his Store. the fol- lowing. viz: . ll ltluls. Strong Demrsrs SPIRITS, Ilhdl. Holland UlN. (Jink- l‘ort sud hitcrry “'me. ("medic liciiucssey's lint-it & i’nle HRANDY, ('utlts .‘i‘ulcll Winslth (l‘iimu)

40 boxes Rlel NS,

at. C

, v” .0... ,. --.. i .

FINE CHANCE FOR SPECULATORS

mu)! 2).

ENTERPRISING MEN!

“Inoculated ass been instructed by the Owners in otfer for 85 LE, or to lth'hl'l‘. scvcrsl vs'uiibls “321101.”

and LEASBIIUM) PltUl’Elt'l‘ll‘H. and FARMS. iii Bscvur sud othrrpiirts of the island. in good cultivation.

well wooded. sud possessing other sdvsutiigcs; nod for which good and valid ti ttss. sud immediate possession out be given

Also. {our LOTS. being the reaidtse of thirteen Building Lots. (the other nine having been sold the resent Simon in) titstuwst advantageous mercantilo situstiou known u “ SUMMER. ILL.“ ntlioininq MUN DH“ 3 BltlDGE. "I miles from Georgetown. whim close to 150.003 builicls of Purdue.) urc snuunllv stripped. stud nesrly all psid or in Club. Auicrit-nns and other spat-iii“:.mpurchiiw lit-m lillli ship {or tirorit llritsin. the United states. the.

A number of stores. \Visttt'is. it Mooring Home, Post (Lil-n. and l‘ouipertuice Society have been established for soul; into; with runny lirist utid Sow nit-l (llotl'i \Iilli in the Vicinity; \Vllt‘l‘tt ultttl iiquiintttity of all kiittls lllllllh‘f can be had it trsdeitt low tau-a. "St innit Him. is ” tho only It‘mo/toidl'mperly for sale in the place which rend ‘rs it innit. desirable {or the above class of erl’z‘h'hl now so much warmth! in this rising town.

A S’l‘tltth) .iud DWELLING on it. capable of balding l5.‘)ot) bushels produce, with a double Wharf and site In: 1 Little liilti. will ho sold or looted on ttt'Hol‘mlIlt‘ terttis.

l’htut. P‘ll‘lii'llitll‘d or any oilicr ltil'm'ntntiott can he obtained bv calling tit the office of Messrs. Btu. & Sort. IoniiilSurveyors,t‘lmrlutto-tnwn. “iti‘ttl'pnt‘u canalso he had from W. Stxtmnnnn. F. l‘. Nult‘l‘ON. 'l‘ttos. Autumn. Georgetown; .iss. ilitiinitiiiint. (.‘uuiphultou. Lot 4; F. W. litmuits. I‘Iriiminar ()lllue. Cliztvlnttt-tuwn. suit to the subscriber ut (lrwi-ll. who inulso Agent for the solo at I‘Itusny‘l Mowing Munich“). tliu celebrated antnouth COOKING STOVE. sud illiti) for tho Fulling Mills of Messrs. lioutttut. Mill View. tlin lionlilo. Jss. McLaltllN, New l’crth, I‘inur W. McDossw, Pipette; where CLOTH is received and returned with des-

pstch.

Outfit-Zigwbtg. 10. ltidt. I

RICHARD J. CLARKE. I

hhflil’l'filbt . R. \V. C. SUTHERLAND liu removed {romhis lstc rcaidence on Queen b'trect. do the Garnet cl @i‘cat @rorgt .c hint Etrrrts rind would rot-pitcti'ully inform his frieiils sud customers. tlmt. by hits luri‘uiw of direct importstions from l‘lUllUl‘l‘l. he has greatly Bdtit‘d to his

LARGE STOCK ——t)l'—-—-

DRUGS. CHEMICALS. PERFUMERY and TOILEI‘ ARTICLES tn vsriety.

Dil. SU'l‘llliltiANl) returns thanks for the patronnxr so liberally extended to him sirn'c his resident".- in Charlotte-

ti-utting tliut. by «midnity nu'l attention in every brunch of hi" i”"i‘\"‘htlt. he will retain tho ctinlitlrucc Hi the public. £17" The illsl‘liNn'AliY is under the Doctor‘s own su- pt‘l’t'lsiull. Advice- ": the I’oos' Ch'ntlll. (‘herl-mumwn. May l'i. For blit. by-

Ex. " J ANL. t‘rEzii' “Hilifa'i', §., owns coxxomxg

l‘utteheons MULASalis. l0 illids. hrgiitt SUtlA ll. ’ Charlottetown. September l9. ltllltl.

Peterson’s It‘utnilim' Science A BOOK F03 EVElYBJDY!

and Schools. contains s \‘ttht l'undot' useful information

sble subject. sud is written in lttltguag? vit) plum in to he nii- tiurstond by till. for the profession of tit-l oiotcnthitigz. s. well its for any ctJ|!l- pi-tuivc examination, e id not hue n more useful hoooli. For stile by E. REILLY. lIt'l‘ttili Uiliee. Kent Street. Dre.

m... . . ...« .ufir... _-_...._._._..... Hog—--

MRS. WINSLOW,

An experienced Suite and Female l'hyu nun. presents to the attention of mothers. her

town. tutti hopes ill" some may l).I mn'ititi-l lutt'll‘ih lIttlii

7 ‘HIS \Vorlt, \Vlllt‘ll is intended for tho use of Findlay

n the form oi Ismwvrs to L‘JI‘JU q‘ll“hli)lll on every Clllt‘ciV-{

ALL CURES MADE EASY BY I‘IULLOW’AY‘S OINTMENT.

Bad Logs, Ulccroiu Sores, llzid Breasts, and (lid \Vottnds. . ‘1'. ’.

No description of wound. turn or ulcer can its)“. lite-l

int: ltl’npcl‘tit’t of this L'\L'tiiL'llI Uintniuiit. '1‘ to wars 'csso "tidily assume it liculthy nppt-nrutirc \vhvtiove this itindicttl ii ntla applied: Mound listlt springs up from t ibottom of 'h' wound. inflammation of the surrounding skit us stud and s t-oinplt-te and permanent Cul‘l' quickly follow the use 'ol the ointment.

ll’iics, Fistulns. llllii Internal Inflammation

Tilt-w tilfl‘t‘fiflll: null \Q’L‘fllll‘lllll'; till'dfit‘! nt‘ty With e.- tuinty lic t'tll't‘li bv the until-tern lilz’lllv‘lt't‘l. if thcy will nu llnlloivuy'n tituttnsut. nuti olimsly uttend to the printed in- strut‘tiutH. it should b.- wcll ruliln-d upon the neighboring ports. when «H ulnioviotn matter \Vlii be removed. A poul- .ticc of broad tutti Witt-r may sziiiicttiiius llt‘ iippiietl at bed ’tiute with o'lvnntam'; thi- ltl«tsl at‘l‘ttlitliillln Clhllliilll‘nfl must be observed. I." tho-i0 who tutti this paragraph will bring it under the notice or such tit thrir notiuuiutuneos whom it my rout-cm. they will rciilci is author: ttutwdl uevrr be forgot- tu. as u cute is certain.

Rheumatism. Gout and Netti-night.

Nothing; has the power of reducing iiitluniitttitimt and sub- pttiiig pittu in lites:- cii'npluinti in lllc some douse in llnilo- \vny's cooling (lintiuuiit uni purifying l’ilis. \Vlisit used 'Iillluilflllt‘ulhly they tltiv: till IliI-l»ll.ll\ll in and dopruvitiol trout thi- system. subJu - and venture nil cnlnriglunt-nt of the oiiits. itul ictvi: lilt.‘ “now. and "gigolo: ltu nitJ momma- cd. A cur.- uuy Monty‘s bani-rich. even nu.ch Ills wont circumstance. if the use of that: medical“ be persevered tit

'l'w‘ht-rmml Put“h tuttmmutlwmvlvvt‘ luruptions, Scull llend, Ringworm, and 4 \

other Skin Diseases.

Alter fumentntiou with wsrln mitt-r, the utmost reliefsud ,spcerltcst euro Cit" be readily nhtuinej in all complaints stra- tiiig the skin and jttllll‘. y the simultaneous use of the (link- iiieut null l'tllu. lint it must lie retueinbort-d tlist nouriy nil akin (list awn indicati- thi- ticpi'nvlty ot the blood and (lounge niciit of thc il\'t'l‘ and stomach. \‘Ullsu‘ltlt'lliiy. in musty eases, ltltti: is mpiircil to purity the blood, which will be eil'cctcd by fljlltilt'lolifl on- of the hilt. ’l‘lic Kcnclul health will readily be inipmvcd. although the eruption mny ho driven out more trcely tluin bct‘urc. Iulli winch should be promoted; perseve- rnnre is necemurv.

bore '1 hronts, Dipthertn, Qntnsey, Mumps

and till other lint-zingeinents

ol' the Till‘utli.

S t] ' 1 0‘ S r r 00. 1.11 any .up, Children loathing. '1 laminatestilt-pron.“ or tt-rtlizng. by soliciting: Inducing rill tiidsnimnnuu «will nlluy till pain Ind

- sixtiou. and is i