Small craft were going no- where on the ice 7 covered Crouch river at Battlesbridgc.
WINTER’S ICYMSPLI. I ENGLAN'
England. Friday after many southern parts of the country had the coldest might of the
winter. Britain's cold spell. in its third week. was expected to continue. (AP Wirephoto) i
Political Skies Grow Dark. For White Men In Africa
By ARTHI'R I.. GAVSIION
LONDON |/\I-'I~~TI19 polit'cal skies are lowering over white man's Africa.
Moise Tshomhc‘s Katanga is breaking down as a state and as a barrier to f‘\‘€l“IIIl'llSIlnE Afri- can nationalism
In the south 119 four white su- premacy states where 4.000.000 whites. whose ancestors opened up Africa's interior. rule nearly 30.090000 Negroes
Governments of the central African ferir"atio:i .ii the Rho. desras and Nx-asaland. the For— tuguese colonies of Angola and Mozambique and the Republic of South Africa today form an informal alliance LED 3‘ VERWOERD
Their power l‘f‘slsl a; it hag done since the Dutch settled the Cape. 310 years a:o. no tech- nique and knowledge. on wealth and armed force. They are un- officially led by Premier Hen- dr' F. Verwoerrl‘s South Af- trica With its strong. cold-based
economy and modern armed forces. The outcome of Tshnmbe's
m-monh venture in Katangnn Statehood takes on a special meaning a g a l n st this back- ground.
The United \‘atinns' rout of Katangan forces is taken as 1 victory for the recently indepen- ent. Negro states of Africa which backed the world body. and a defeat for the whales who backed Tshombc.
In the second place a major procedeni has been set for UN Intervention by force in the pn- litical affairs of A member state.
MAY BE PRELUDE
The battle for Katanga. then. may be a grim prelude for the wider. more historic contests that. lie ahead I‘tF‘I‘.\‘i'(‘n the new states of black Africa and the old ones of white Africa.
If a fight tn the finish be- tween tiorth and south is com- Ing how will it be fought?
Can the white man hold out In his southern bastion?
Will the Negroes be able to prevail upon the United Nations to intervene once more ‘ a majority vote in the General As- Icmbly?
These are key questions and their answers lie in pages of history yet to be written.
But pointers are available in the way while men see the un- folding pattern of events in the north and the way Negroes view the southern prospect.
To such Rhodesians as Fed- eral Prime Minister Sir Roy Welensky. to Portuguese au- thorities in Lisbon and to such South Africans as Verwoerd it Is a first principle that the Ne< gro is unfit for government now. SE NO STRENGTH
To them that mean: Negro governments simply cannot be efficient. militarily capable or
0115 modern terms.
They think pove ty. ill-health Ind an incapacity for 20th-cen- tury techniques and organiza-
tion will be inevitable company.
ions of Negro statehood for an- other 50 or 100 years.
EASTERN BRIEFS
RAD SURGE}! Garth ebster. M ie. f a that in the Victoria General Halifax.
min WES“
All this suggests to the white man that he need fear no mili< tavry threat. from his northern neighbors in the foreseeable fu- turc.
Some black leaders take an- other view.
tey believe the white su- premacy states — which they maintain are police states—arc on the defensive. They are con. fidcnt Welcnsky‘s federation is
doomed. BRITAIN LEAVING
They believe Britain Is disco gaging itself as honorably and as swiftly as possible in its Af— rican possessions because the British have seen the writing on the wall.
They do not expect to be able to topple the southern rulers by military means. But they feel
they have a few lessons to teach their fellow - Africans in the
south in the exercise of subverJ
sioii and other tools of tiie Af- rican nationalist's trade.
There is. moreover. one other. factor of which both sides are. aware in the unfolding powerl struggle. i
This is the role that the United i Nations can play in exerting- stiff international pressure. with the threat of action. on whitei man's Africa Southern
governed by Verwoerd's South Africa.
To the white man this possi- bly represents a real peril.
To the black man it is a prom- IFf‘.
particularlv i Rhodesia and South—‘; West Africa. a trust territory
SCOT TO SELL WORLD TARTAN
ABERDEEN. Scotland (AP)—A Scottish manufac- turer said here he will market a tartan that any- one can wear without of- fending Scots who claim tartans can be worn only by
m n 3 _.
“You can be 3 Kelly. a Cohen. a Jones. or even a Chinese and wear this one." said city councillor Scott Sutherland. be. ad of the company turning out the universal tartan.
Each Scottish clan has its distinctive tartan. .
The Tartan anyone can wear will be called the Dee-
, side tartan. after the Royal River Dee that runs beside Balmoral Castle. Scottish home of the British Royal Family.
The Deeside Tartan in- cludes all the colors—the grey of the river's rocks. blue of the water. gold from the grouse. green of the for- ests. white of the larch and snow and the purple of the heather.
IISIAND NEWS. PAGE
Montague, Souris, Kings Countyi a.....n....p....... 5.... mt...
4 The Guardian, Charlottetown. Mon., Jan. 14, 1963:
MONTAGUE — Members of! the Royal Canadian Le gion. : Montague Branch will begini play this evening to declare a cribbage champion to repreg
Cribbage tournament. I Last year which was the.
V gounty. and nine teams took
(Continued from page ll craft is designed to be armed with nuclear warheads.
“ know that they cannot cf- 2 fectiveiy do the job in question Canada‘s N TO ground forces were being equipped with Hon- est John artillery rockets . signed to carry nuclear war-i
without auch w rheads." : "r
Montague Legion Prepares ' To Defend Its Cribbage Title
first year the Montague branch took part. the team of At ltol (Red) Robertson and RC. (Duke) MacDonald won th e branch championship then went
sent the county in the L e g i o n t on to take the provincial honors. I
To do this they had to play off with Kensington. Souris and Mt. Stewart winners.
Two teams represent th e art in
the Montague tourna-
‘ merit.
The play took place in the Le- gion Home and consisted of a
'tround-robin series each nightl
several weeks. The interest was so great at the close of the
iseason last year that it is CX-Igrowers who were unable do, i pected that scveml more teams ‘harvcst grain in the province
may take part this year.
'Premier, Several Of Cabinet
IOut Of Province On Business
By DON hichEOD
t "Practically all cabinet minis- |ters will be out of the province lthu week tll‘) business in Tot-- onto and Ottawa." Premier Wal- ter ll Shaw said Saturday
The premier left for Moncton
y car Saturday where boarded a train Ottawa. He will discuss “affairs affect- tlng the province" in Ottawa Iwitb Agriculture Minister Alvin illumilton. as well as officials in ithe departments of public works land northern affairs.
Industry and Natural Resour- cca Minister Leo Rosaiter and gProvincial Secretary J. David iStcwart are already in Toronto ito attend meetings.
iMACRAE TO LEAVE
i Early this week. Agriculture jMinistct: Andrew MacRae leav- ‘es for a meeting with lion. iAlvin Hamilton to take up such matters as a federal-provincial scheme of crop insurance. on Jproduce grown for processing .piants. and compensation for to
5' t‘b
‘ last year
Highways Mtuilter Philip Ma- thea. it leaves the middle of this week and will be llaoctated with the premier in meetings with public works officials.
Three ministers from Prince County. Hon. Henry Wedge. Hon. George Dewar and Hon. Hu- bert McNeill. plan to be Ottawa later next week to clear up what the premier called “some pending business."
TO ATTEND I!!!
All ministers are expected to attend part of the annual na- tional meeting of the Conserva-
tive Party. lion. Alban Farmer will be acting-premier while Premier
Shaw is away.
TOUR NEW ZEALAND
AUCKLAND. N.z. (CP) — A 31-mcmber party of Canadian farmers and their wives or- rived here Tuesday for a 10-day tour of New Zealmd to dilcuu farm problems. The tour was
[sponsored by the Canadian Co-
operative Wool Growers Associ- ation and the Canadian Sheep Breeder's Association. Most of the members of the party are from Ontario.
.5. Stiffom Cuban Controls
WASHINGTON (AP) * The United States has warned mint- trica whose ships go to Cuba that they run the danger -lf losing U.S. foreign aid. the state department said rc.
Press officer Joseph W. heap declined to list countries that have received the warning.
He said. however. that efforts have been underway to per- suade varloua maritime coun- tries to end their shipping stops at Cuban ports. This is being done to carry out the provisions in the new U.S. aid law. he said.
The aid bill which became law last October included pro- visions requiring—as Reap put lt—tbat "aid shall be cut off to countries whose ships carry
goods to Cuba."
heads. The Bomarc-B ground-to-air‘ missiles “are in the. same state of impotence." "In short. both In NATO and) In continental defence. the Ca- nadian government has ac-i cepted commitments for Can-l ad . . . which can only be car- i ried out by Canadian forces ift nucdlcar warheads are used." be
m ‘5
Since the government in 1959' agreed to its troops' i‘ ’ NATO and NORAD. It as “re-i f to make the decision; 5 either to alter the commitments l or accept the warheads." . “Those are the facts about our l. nuclear defence situation today. '
THIS WEEK IN SPORTS
A PUBLIC SERVICE IN THE INTERESTS OF GOOD SPORT, CONTRIBUTED BY THESE COMMUNITY
SPORTS SUPPORTERS IN SUMMERSIDE AND DISTRICT
CLIP AND SAVE FOR REFERENCE
If there were any doubt abouti those facts. that doubt was re- 'i. moved the other day by a man who should know: General (Lau- ris) Norstad. the man who for many years was supreme NATO commander." .
Gen. Norstad in a visit to Ot- ‘ tawa last week shortly after his retirement as head of NATO said Canada is committed to ac- cepting atomic weapons.
He said the nuclear strength of the European -based force would be "degraded" if Canada failed to accept the warheads.
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Instructor available every afternoon. Monday - Friday 1:00 p.m. . 5:00 pm. (no charge).
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The Liberal party up to now
has urged there should be no acquisition. manufacture or use of nuclear weapons under Cana- dian or American control: sub- ject to change. however. if inter- national developments warrant.
Current positions of the other parties on the nuclear weapons Issue are as follows:
DEMOCRACY BEGINS TO STIR
I .
l l
i By WEBB McKINLEY ADDIS A B A B A. Ethiopia (AW—The first. faint. stirrings of modern democracy are com- ing to Ethiopia and are hearten- ing this ancient country's well- .wishers.
Here in the strange highlands of the. African horn it is no longer true to call His Imperial Majestv Haile Selassie i one of the last. of the absolute mon- arth<
' The. constitutional government.
he created in name 32 years
ago is emerging at last as an‘
infant act. Recently the Ethiopian lower house of 251 members debated
for two days a change in they
penal code. The government. meaning presumably the. ‘poror wanted an amendment. that would permit public flog- gig of rumor-mongers
Parliament votcd it down.
Next. day this surprising body rejected a tax on building ma- terials also badly wanted by the government.
Those who take these as heartening signs admit. they are mere beginnings. They are also in their way dramatic events fwhich pmbably annoy but one may be welcomed by e 7!- ycar-old monarch.
‘IN FEUDAL RUT
.incc came regent in ‘ 1916 the ruler has tried with tre- imendous will to pull his coun- try out of its feudal rut.
Potentially Ethiopia Is one of iAfrica‘s blessed countries. Its 1son is fcrtilc. its tradition proud.
its people quick and its climate'
1finc. Sitting on a plateau 8.000 tfect above the t ' icoast. Addis Ababa lives in con- ltinual springtime. ‘ the same highland isola- ‘tion that has kept this country 'independent for a legendary 3.000 years has also kept it back-
ward.
Except for I first-rate Ameri- can-managed air service. its communications are. appalling. Despite progress in education 5 war. its people are still 95-per-cent illiterate.
Landlords. peasants and pre- latcs oft the thiopian Coptic church have opposed reforms. Until 1957 there Were no elec- tions. Loaded with old com- rades of the emperor. the bur- eaucracy has been chaotic.
Faced with these handicaps. the emperor in years past has run Ethiopia alone. He has worked day and night. looking tperlonclly Into almost and contract. the moat minor
appointing Ill. re- ble petitioners.
To SHARE Now about Inns of want- tngtomuhhvcrk. He has called
IIIIIO rmdcetatou. Ito it
Scai
ummwm Some
Cautiously. five inertia. he. is making other moves toward reform. Labor un- ioiis. banned until 1962. now are permitted. A new pension plan is shucking some excess from Athe bureaucracy. A new civil service plan has been Intro-
2- ;
Helped by about $2.000.000 of US. aid. Haile Selassie l Uni- versity was founded in Decem- ber film
The educated class is growing. .Partly because of this. the line of the Lion of Judah faces con- stant dangers.
The independent - minded and relatively educated province of _ .ritrca. giving Ethiopia its only foutlet to the sea. is stirring un-
' happily because of its incorpor-
'ation last November into the empire. This happened when the Eritrean parliament met and unanimously voted to dissolve it- self. There were. reported to be only 17 of 52 deputies on hand for the vote.
Bigger trouble has loomed for
years in Addis Ababa. Here one ‘
hears whispers. "They are preparing for the. second round."
against oonserva- '
‘ Parliament Takes Hand i In Affairs In Ethiopia
They could only refer to the revolt in December. 1960. of the imperial body guard. This the emperor squashed simply by returning from a trip to Brazil and exerting his enormous per- sonal force.
The younger officers or intel- lectuals. who compare their country nnhappily with more ad- vanced African states. may now be plhying a waiting game.
With parliament stirring to llife and the. country moving slowly toward reform. many ap- ‘ pear content to wait for the suc-
ccssion of Crown Prince Merid iAzmatch AsfaW“ Wosen. The :quiet. 46-year-old heir is a puz- rzle to outsiders. In the 1960 re- ivolt he was put up by the reb— lels as a puppet. but later in- ‘sisted he accepted the role only with a gun in his back. He is .widely believed to favor a con- stitutional monarchy. ‘ Whatever happens. even the .restlcss young men admit that illaile Selassie I. the king of ;kings. the conquering Lion of Judah. by a superb personal ef- fort has pulled his country into the. modern age. There c0uld be another like him.
Multi -Lotera| Agreement On Currency Swaps Favored
Ry DON HANRIGHT
OTTAWA (CP) — A multi- lateral agreement on so - called _"currcncy swaps" —- like the ones Canada took part in |June — was favored herc P. W. Plumptre. the Cana- .dia.n executive director on the International Monetary Fund.
Mr. Plumptrc. appearing be- fore the royal commission on ibankintz and finance in his roles ‘both with the IMF and as as- .slstant deputy finance minis- fer. said his personal belief is
P
.that multilateral arrangements.
'arc preferable to purely bilat- Ieral d als.
Last. June. with the run on the Canadian dollar. the govern- ment built up its own dwindling exchange reserves with a total of sinsoomom in loans and credits obtained abroad.
Part of this was a swap of 3250.000.th rent-y for an equivalent amount
US. dollars. made with the Federal Reserve B
“(0900.000
3.
York. A similar swap was made with the Bank
every of England. the Druid: mono-
tary authority.
In December. the reversal of then: map: was completed.
Mr. Plumptre sold me have
that than roan-out
term longing err-noo- o
manta.between on Us. m
W
last b .
in Canadian cur--
’ since the wheel" but. if uncon- rtrolled. could go on and on In- gdefinitcly since the central 'banks can create the currency. ‘ Obviously. he added. there would be no liquidity shortage
lat all in the world if the level-ll
l.maior countries decided there ishould be none. The question iwas not whether liquidity can t be created. but under what con-
' troll.
Progressive Conservatives— No nuclear arms for Canadian forces at home or abroad as long as there Is a chance for world disarmament.
Social Credit—No nuclear war- heads for North American de- fence; nuclear arms for Cana-
WILLIAMS
your dependable florist Over 50 Years’ Service
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J. Harold Arsonault Frames and Sashes Dial 3163 16 Duke St.
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Sherman Hutchinlon. Prop. Sheet Metal Work Heating and Ventilating Phone 5400 210 Water St.
8:30-—5.00 p.
10:45 pm.
dian fbrces in NATO only if NATO establishes a nuclear. for
ce. New Democratic Party —~ No nuclear weapons for Canadian troops at home or abroad.
Mr. Pearson said: “As a Ca- nadian. I am ashamed if we accept commitments and then refuse to discharge them. In act- ing thus we deceive ourselves. .i let our armed forces down an betray our allies." ‘
He said a Liberal government "'would put Canada's armed services in the. position to dis- charge fully commitments un- dcrtakcn for Canada by its pre-
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dec. 1'. "This would be. the only hon-
orable course for any govern- ment representing the Canadian eople. We Would not betray our trust or weaken Canada's repu- tation for living up to its word.
“Our friends have the . . . right to assume that the com- mitments of Canada are the commitments of the nation: that they would not automatically disappear with a change of gov- ernment.“
'd
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THURSDAY. JANUARY 17 BAsgfgiTBAlégr-Junlor High School Boys
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P BOWLING—SWEEPSTAKE BOWLING 6:45 p.m.
fRIDAY. JANUARY 18
BASKETBALL—St. Dunstan’a play Summer-side High School 8:00 pan.
PRE SCHOOL SKATE—1:804:00 p.m.
ISHL HOCKEY—0:15 p.m.
BOWLING—Open Lana from 1:00 pm.
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