T” m.

NOVEMBER _2._194o

‘Twawsv NOTES -

B! AGBJCOLA

-| c...........1 rum-l

.. . t t from a Hm y“ ‘m texlilkgsIy to be a

- 111-r Fliéhlkililf , - iiic A mighty gave, "H1 the lion-flags of

if. ' \l\i..t'l' yaw-nod the hor-

lllt)

1111111 ne. Shall lay My

d ‘ow- waft blooms with hero- ,,_

\\"1li'll mun from wrong

oils- p y, where the tyrant "A ~ - in? V, KfCIEHBJElKIQA/IY England vanish ‘ . 1 ' ?" 9.5;‘: 13f§§3121in a little 1n the I‘ L1,“ 1m», it domes from an "The A1"mada," by , Schiller. Schiller was i3“... G,.,,,._an_1 greatest poets and Qamatlsls, and died 1n 13°5-

ymss ox ISLAND PLANTS

Tlic Monotropnceae

This is 1111- small and exclusive M,“ Pipe Family, with but three "llbtilli in 1111s province. Botani- ‘ g ' -1'v related totheHeath lie plants have a much oi "earning their liv- 11s 11c sl1.1!l see. None of them r ' t‘ nlolliicillly, and II they we any ll‘ lici-nal value it has not

discoicrcd. Mfiénpillf“ ~ the Indian Pipe

@1101, nnlflorzi L.) l5 OI 0011' =i111111'1‘s',. It must be look- . r 11111211: 1111: thick deposits of 1511111: leaves in the dim aisles of h, lygrlilllfil forests. There one inds a Ylwhber of white fleshy items, six or eight inches lcmg, “ply-w as though modelled in white A 011111c top of each stem is a 11mm‘, equally white and 11111121112 "face downward." t. m»: 11 speck of green on the leaves are re-

1111. lllere t y 11111010 p‘.an ; 1» more scales on the stem

1.. pcrlllhr pallld appoarance has .11..» w. :11"1'1tllPl‘ popular name

~-plar1i .

_ .\ a very simple explana- 111x101 1hr structure of the India-n ape, and a lesson as well. Doubt-

15,1119 plant was honest and in- liusirious 11995 “K01 1140146118 501' “'5 m, living. full of green leaves to 5m its 1on1! from soil. air, and p111. But one unlucky day its evil genius -11~e know not how or why Clrlduced it to make use of the food atoivd in rotting leaves by other

1111's. l1 deteriorated from that day: tteleavcs gradually became smaller and lost their green chlorophyll- tin: substance so essential to their 10:11. It is the Parable of the buried ‘iiient illustrates in the plant world. ltitiirs 1.1 11111 of vestigial remains- ttgans, once useful, but now degen- erate because their owners, for some recon, neglected to make use of (hem A rcccnt writer calls the plant nobber but. as I see it. the Indian Rae may with more truth be liken- ed to an indolent but picturesque hobo, content to live on "hand- outs" provided by respectable work- lng plants‘. It ls a most disappoint- ing plan". to the collector, for it blackcns rapidly after being pick- rd. and nothing can be done to re- 111111 its ivzixen purity. The Manuals irate that the Indian Pipe may be red or ro=_v but all the plants I've rm wvrc ‘lite.

Not s01 11c is the Pinesap or F1111: Ilccrli-rlrops (Mnnotrolifl 11111111111111: l'\ widely spread plant fzoin Cape Breton to Western On- 11:10. Bomnists believe this plant to be a robber too, but the evid- =c'm.= to shoiv that it is only like the Indian Pipe. -c of the decomposing . 1s1ims= plants do actually 1:1 lIOlIllDOTS by sending suck- e to ilicir roots to abstract the 113-11 T11» only timc I found this

. t‘ ‘Pierc

r11 thc Kintyre Road. . 1111.1. It had a short fragrant bell-shaped

chilly drooping to one r 111c_1' iverc tawny yel- , wllli r1 reddish shade. It v11» 11': in the shade of a 111. ~. and must have died 1" l 12111111 11:11. find it in stic- 1.<'.1"~ Tlic Pinesnp is an- ‘ _:1:1i1-.1, 1vl‘.h scales in- 1 .l f5 . 111 his Manual says ..<l mcnibcr of the group, ‘cps Ptcrospora And- 1 is fouiirl in P. E. I. swii illls plant. Brit- ‘ r pzpiliar name. icst, from its mass

A 111: r111: FISIIES 1a)

.59‘? fire great eaters, QI 1' .1. :1 i. lllL _ animal com- ‘l 11‘ fun" fecding 011 vegetable - nic liie on the o-hotlicti animals that tor: otlzers feed on s crabs. and ard outer covering. it. extent they feed are smaller 11'. w-zil known the ‘a K _ ' (.0 not ltcsitute to at- ivyihlzlnli 1i_.1ns?lf. In their feed- MW- t..:n. fishes have a re- t." 1n ihe carnivorous tribes

s. Birds, and Reptiles. _ ', Pi‘. save the Zoological ‘n. llublin 11 remarkable 0i‘tl1c lupacity of fishes: ' P-ill-flsli two and a half 111 the stomach of which 1. 1.11) icct 1n length. 11 of tire Cod contain-ad sized Whiting, and . 1 leld the half-digested‘ "Vi"? sinailer fishes 10o ll!) to be identified!

~ '11s to an examination . the Fishes. Some ‘ ‘"11" .) 195th but i f- 1'01!‘ oi llizm. As a ‘ ..t confined to the t‘ :1 ca! cn the tongue. l‘; w other part1 of the .lj“‘ 1111119 a distinct ad- 1- 1s: we can ncver have H1 tlic tongue!) N; 111111 nrrrfly for grasp- It!“ 111111 passing it to the

1 have i-reth for cult- ?! mid 1110s? that live

l... '.1§;l_,“l‘21.‘.~i1.p.~irs nan; tceni fitted l‘:.l ' I °° “U ‘M r-xcced the number-s of

“he? class of Vertebrates: the

;_

......_. c. .1...‘ .-.. .._.. “.11 going an for centuries with little ap- parentdlminution, and it would seem that that it. can go on f9; centuries more without exhausting My 511111115. ADOUL seven tenths o1 the earth's surface is covered wit!) 1vater (not including the rivers and .akes), and in this immense space are fishes livinil at different depths like the dwellers in our sky-scrapers: ..-... v16 know how large a population

can thus be accommodated. Sometimes we see pictures of gaily - 15-1-5; these are found near

lhfi Tfvillcs; hence it is t that simlfght has something“; ad‘; witn the development of ooloi- ._ which is often as bright a4 that or the birds or butterflies. Some fish- es live at great depths but they are dull in coloration.

T0 K96!) up this immense multi- tude. Iii-inst the inroads made by men and the fishes themselves it follows that that fishes must’ be abundantly prolific. It is found that the roe of a herring contains at 1985i’ 60.000 eggs. and that of a cod about nine million! The resulting YWXIB would be too abundant wen their numbers not kept down by the causes before mentioned.

As to the number of kinds the" are, it ls likely that nobody knows; it must be some thousands with rcme hundreds still to be discover.

“W111i of two: the Electric Eel, and the Torpedo. The former was first’ fmmd by the great IIEIUYSLIIQ‘ and explorer, Humboldt, in south America. This eel is capable of giv- llng such an electric shock to other ahfibgfm‘ °I Q19 9001s and rivers, d“ f-‘y are killed instantly, men m curled“. Humboldt describes how ° e‘? M"! Cfllltured without dan- ger to the natives. 'I‘hey drive a ggmop ofhwlld horses (who seem 1,0 “now W_at is awaiting them) into 9 Pool. the eels attack and when they have "exhausted their bat- teries" on the horses, they may be camuwd with impunity. ‘The "Tor-v Dedo is a. kind of flat-fish, belong. L“? m ‘he RB)’ tribe. and has Va battery" on each side, composed of a multitude of small tubes preg. W‘ clmlv together like the cells in tlhmnEYgmnb. end filled 11111.1 a, ud. With this apparatus it can kive an electric shock at will, to 5m“ "5 Pfey. The destructive implement we hear so much of go its name min U118 fish. ' "

origin of Photography

Just one hundred years ago in 2340' m‘? firs! "Photo" of the human 111s was taken. 111111 was o... year 5"" Dflguerte had succeeded l“ ““°"°3" “P111318 lmuninate objects by '1" Dwuemotvve meniod. Be- cause of the lengthy exposure re_ qlllred-half-an-llourl-it was 1m. pambk? f"? ‘my sitter to "have his picture troll" with success. anguthwith the hour came the man, is name was John William Draper. ‘This remarkable msm one 2:1 mehkfvflfest geniuses which Am- m 6Z1 as produced. is little known fie a eulfhwlt Keucration though ' T1 Cllflt-{Pd many of the in. tentions which later came on the market. I-fe had worked out many °1 U19 Problems of radiation and at once saw the value (and the ‘veakneslsl i)! Dflfillffrcs invention He investigated and soon found that b1"? 118111. was practically the 01,13. light that affected the sensitized plate. (There were no films than; a, 3L5“ °* ‘in Plate was coated with the sensitive emulsion). As a can. sequence Draper arranged reflector, i° "WW a strong beam of sunlight "Woven a concentrated solution 0g wplwr sulphate. on to the feature; Ofltlile sitter. The copper sulphate "ied "-1 I filter. cutting the Me heat rays and allowing only ue ight to pass. without dig. comfort to the person invo1."d. The 118M was so intense, that Draper was able to take the first photo- graph ever made o: a human being: that of his sister Dorothy cathgrme Draper. That was 1n 1840, and m;

sea '

picture is still extant. Ar o expressed his belief to meus-letgg Chamber I .1111; that, Vgfy year, iltat the feat of pliotogmphmg 11111111! Persons was too fabulous to be carried out! Draper, by the wad was the inventor of the adjustal- iron headrest so much used in the studios of former days during the critical process. ‘

Here isan anecdote for those who believe that Edison invented tho electric light. (Swan lighted hi; drugstore tn Newcastle on Tyne by nlectricity. the year Edison applied or the patent!) Draper, in m, work on "The Radiation of Red-Hot, Bodies." made known that “ a sur- face of platinum of standard dim- ension. raised to a standard tem- perature by a voltaic (i. e. electric) cunent, will always emit a Ofmslant light." shortly after, in a public lecture on his platinum standard, he stated that one clay some ingenious individual would use it fol nubl‘c lighting. In the long run this siatement had a curious con- sequence. When Edison applied for a patent on his incandescent lamo the authorities refused to grant i. because they regarded Draper's

mcst i

Most .

platinum standard" as the prior dis-

| covery. The Patent Office wrote to

, Draper who replied that Edison de-

lserved all the credit for the lamp. and on his statement the patent was granted.

I lt was owing to Drapcr that 1h Atlantic cab'e was laid: the leading European scientists believed that it couldn't be dcrie. Draper held that the idea was a sound one and on the

I =tren1z‘h c!‘ Ms opinion the cilblic invested their money and did ll.

l-lis last great work. "The His-

ltory of the Conflict betwcen Re- ligion and Science," (1896) went through twenty English editions in

1 the ten years after ifs appearance,

‘ and was translated into nine hmzu-

l ages. Yet how few in t'1!s generation

have even heard of him.

vanitatleml

composition of Cabbage

30w many of my readers rem: _ ber the Summer B31001 m‘ Tflm“ ‘m, which m held at 1m did P.

the surface, and are associated i111tli .

Of the many 1i I fishes 1 will wneizdalfiitiiwfliloixp

Vanllas 0'

Weekly Live Stock Market Report

lgfllvorrswa, Canada-October 24,

SUIVHVIABY

P11" 908118811 were few in thel cattle market during the past week and any recorded affected plain and trashy material of whichnthere were] far too many included in 111101119,- heavy total supply. Sinppers, up. parenily, paid little attention to re- cent warnings regarding offering plain to medltun stockers too freely and further liberal numbers of this class show-ed up contributing to a Very sluggish trade. An increase in southern orders was welcomed by the trade and sewed to relievq the situation considerably. some cal: sales were made at a redu¢t1m1 o; 50c in Toronto but elsewhere the market was steady to firm. Hogs and lambs were mostly unchanged,

Eastern Cattle Markets

A few top grades in the killer division at Toronto sold steady but others were down 10c to 25c and a similar situation existed in the stocker division where the lower quahtws dropped twenty-five cents to fifty cents. Some 1600 cattle remained unsold at the close after a few choice weighty steers hackwPPcQ at. $8.25, with others milking $8 down, and butcher nia- terial up to $7 50 and $7.60. Good stockers and stock calves moved out at $7 7-0 $7 65. Montreal had a large percentage of plain cows in the offering and these sold lower with other kinds of stock holding steady. Good steers made from $7.50 "D 10 I t0!) 0f $8.25 and good coivs were on a basis of $5.50 to $5.75. Maritime sales held about steady with good to choice steers quoted at $7.25 to $8.

Western Cattle Markets

Lilbcra! numbers of plain and med- ium cattle at Winnipeg served to bring about a sluggish trade and common to medium light stockers were hard to move. The better g'l'arlcs,ho\1"evc1', were fairly well taken care of by outsidc orders a1. $5.50 to $6.25 and some fleshy feeders moved south at $6 50 1o $6.75. Most killing classes held steady to firm, with best slaughter steers at $7 to $7 50. Cows looked about 25c higher in spots with good kinds at $4.50 to $5. Calgary‘ had fair action and sold good to choice butcher steers 11p to $7. A sirnilai" 1113b. $7. “'85 mid at Edmontonfl while Prince Albert sold good butch- i er steers at $6 25 to $6 50 and Moose Jnw paid an odd $6.75 yith good sttcrs mostly around $6.50. The. high at Regina was $6.25 and Sask-l atomi ivnsflraggy and lower with only a sprinkling of good steers at, $5.85 to $6 and an odd $6.50,. Vancouver was active at $7.25 to‘ $7.65 fcr good steers.

United States Market

A iiutnbci‘ of loads of Canadian steers o!‘ fairlv heavy weights sold cn Saturday last at Buffalo at $10.50. with others down to $9.40. ‘i .11.. e11

\V. C i1i Clirirloiictoivn? Tliat must be around twenty-five years ago or so. I attended closes there, and still have 111i the complete notes 1111111 .£-‘.‘!Cll0S. One stibject inter- ested me greatly-Abe anaLvsis of ilic 110.1110 and since then I have scrnpcd acquaintance with the composition of several other of our common vegetables. Here is some- thing concerning the cabbage:

This vegetable, like others, in the green or fresh stage, contains a high pcrc-cntage of water: to be ex- act-, 80.6 of its entire bulk It is 101v in callulose, 1 1 per cent; all the bellcr for the digestion, though a certain amount of roughage is essential to health. There is the same percentage of protcid matter even to the decimal: bsdv-building matter. but not very m11c11. Energy and heat producing carbohydrates are more 111 evidence. 5.8 per cent. Mineral matter, an important series of constituents with almost medl- cinal values 1.3 per cent. A little fat. 04 per cent; and what is known as “cxi1".1ct" which gives flavor, oror, etc., 0.7 per cent Make tals up 111 the form of n tabular statement for your note- book.

When cabbage is "boiled ragged," as it mostly is, there is a serious loss of its solid contmits: it is esti- mated that '10 per cent are dis- solved iiito the water: and all thc extract is taken from the leaves to flavor the water and to perfume the air! That fate overtakes most green vegetables when carelessly boiled: they gain water but lose much of their nutrients. Cabbage should be put. into boiling water and boiled fast and furiously: when this is done carefully-and no cook- ing should be done otherwise —the cabbage remains white and delicate with little odor or none.

Raw cabbage is rich in vitamins and usually is cheaper than lettuce. especially in the colder months of the year. The inner tender leaves may be made into salads. They are said to be more digestable than cooked cabbage. For my own part I prefer the early quick-growing Chinese cabbage. which comes into bearing long before the lettuce in spring.

That's The Trouble!

And to conclude. here is a litllc story with a moral for everybody but. ourselves.

Om day a rich but miscrly Chassid came to visit a Rabbi The "cod man led him to a window "l-rick c11t there," he said, "and 1e" mc what you see."

"People." answered the rich man.

The Rabbi 1e’! him to the op-I nnsite side of the room, before "' mirror. ‘And what do you s1‘ now?"

“I see myself "

"Yes." nodded the Rabbi." in the window there is glass and in the mirrci- there 1.1 glass. But the glass c’ '1" minor is ccvercd with a little silver —a'.1d no sooner is a little silver added than you cease to re-

frna _cnAltLo'r'ra'r0wN __

GUARDIAN

IABSBFIZLD.

I CONSERVATION I

A WEEKLY COLUMN OI‘ PRACTICAL OPINIONS OI I'll! VITAL ISSUES AFFECTING TIIB USES AND ABUSIB OF NATURAL RESOURCES BY

All. LUIYIDW JINKINS.

RESEARCH FOR ADVANCED STUDENTS

(Designed for nature clubs, scout and similar groups; or teachers may give special credit for this work).

TOPIC I. PERSONAL ACQUAINT- ANCE WITH TI-IE WATERFOWL

Home study. Familiarize yourself

with pictures of the waterfowl: beautifully illustrated books are available at libraries. Be able to

name quickly the pictures of both the males and females of at least fifteen species of waterfowl. Know which species are migrants, and which nest in your locality. Know the "river ducks," the "sea ducks," the "diving" and the "shallow-feed- ing" ducks. Know what food is taken by the waterfowl, inboth salt and fresh water. and on land. Know the routes of migration, the ‘fly- ways," of the various species; where they nest. and where they winter.

Field study. Once introduced to the waterfowl through pictures and through an interest in their habits, you will not forQgo the delight of study in the field. The knowledge gained by pictures will stand you in good snarl especially if you have noted careful! the silhoutte of dif- ferent species. But at a distance, color in the birds will often be scarcely distinguishable. For work in the ficld Peterson's Field Guide to the Birds is recommended. If possible take photographs. There appears to be no limit to what may be leamed about birds through

back to Ontario country points from_

$7 50 to $8.50 or considerably better than prices obtaining at Toronto. Several loads of stockers were taken from Toronto for Lancaster, Pennsylvania. Recent quotations from St. Paul m1 medium to good cows The movement of stock 011 export to ilic United States during the week included 3,903 beef cattle, 330 dairy and 788 calves, making the totals to date this year 98,834 beef, 12,169 dairy and 65,933 calves. Exports in the corresponding per- iod of i939 were 158,082 beef, 10,- 697 dairy aiin 75,925 calves. Ex- ports from Octobcr 1st. to October 24th, under llie fourth quarterly quota, consisted of 10.550 beet cat- tle, compared with 17,281 in the same period last year

A"."ci"ding to a rclo-zse by the Un- ited States flfieasury Department imparts oi calves into the U. S. from a1 countries from January 1st to October 12th, inclusive, totalled 911,616 head out of the annual quota of 100,000 at the reduced duty rate.

Calves Mostly Steady

Only one oi" two changes oc- curred in calf places. Toronto open- cd with best veals at $11 to $11.50 but had none above $11 at the close. Montreal paid around $11 for

-good vcals with no tops on offer,

ivliile Wlilnipcg was firm on lights 11L $8 to $9. The to“ of the Cal- gary, Prince Albert. Moose Jaw and Regina markets was $7.50, Edmon- ton $8.50, while Saskatoon was low- er at $7.50 making sales late last week up to $8. Good calves made $7.50 at Vancouver.

Hogs Mostly Steady

The basic price for hogs at To- ronto remained unchanged at $12 for B-l grade dressed, and a simi- lnr price was paid at lvfontreal. Winnipeg ruled mostly at $11.15 but closed weaker at. $11. Calgary was on a basis of $10.75 to $10.90. while Edmonton closed at $10.60 after making a high of $10.75} Prince Albert paid $10 75 to $10.80, Moose Jay $10.80, Regina $10.80 to $10 90 and Saskatoon advanced 20c to $11 on Tuesday".

Lamb Market Unchanged

‘There ivas no change in lamb prices. Toronto paid $8.75 to $9 for good ewes and wcthers off trucks 11nd $9 to n 10p of $9 25 for rail deliveries. Montreal sold good lambs nt $9. Winnipeg up to $7.75. Cal- gary up to a top of $8.25, Edmon- ton and Vancouver $9, Prince A1- bert, and Saskatoon $7, Moose Jaw 1s and Regfna $1.50.