.7. V. .._..-.,,_...,.,,¢, W’,

'.\~ ‘g N '1.

Qussiiir

PAGE Four:

FHE“ GUARDIAN, CHARLOTTETOWN

‘DECEMBER 9, 19,8

THE GUARDIAN

Morning Dally (Founder! Ire U81) Authorlud an Second Clan Mall, Punt Ollfoa Department, Ottawa.

Tire hland Guardian Publielsfng Co. Editor and Managing Director. J. B. Burr-earl.

Llanalall Editor, Freak Wallur. .

"The Strongest Memory is Weaker Than the Weakest Ink."

CHARLOTTETOWN, THURSDAY. DEC. 9. 1948

Ferry Claims indorsed

Commenting on the agitation of our Board or Trade for a new highway ferry at Borden to handle truck and auto traffic, the Moncton Times says:

"There will, in our opinion, be a pretty gen- eral measure of approval in New Brunswick and Nova Scotia with the Prince Edward lslaiid demand for improved service. Motorists crossing the Strait at any time in the summer months are well aware of the conjested conditions which prevail during the greater part of that season and can lend endorsement to the P. E. I. re- quest for a highway ferry, Frankly, the bottle- neck that exists there at times would not be countenanced in Quebec or Ontario, or the Western provinces for that matter and especial- ly with, as in the case of the Island transport link, a stipulated provision of the Confedera- tion agreement literally guaranteeing adequate service.

"Whether the revival of the Borden-Cape Tormentine highway ferry will have an adverse effect upon the proposed Buctouche-West Point service, a fairly live project for the past two years, is not known. Tho iatter, however, accord- ing to those interested in its establishment, ls designed as more of a freighting service than un auto and truck carrying ferry, although the plans also provide for transporting a number of motor vehicles just as the Northumberland ferries do on the Wood Islands, P.E.l.-Caribao, N. S. route.

"There is no questioning the need for greatly improving the Mainland-Prince Edward Island connections, and the additional Cape Tormen- tine-Borden as well as the Buctouche-West Point projected ferries would be no more than ade- quate. Provincial and municipal governmerlti. boards of trade, and travel agencies, public bodies and community organizations have in these two new ferry projects important matters iruwhich to activate themselves now in endeavouring to bring them to successful finalization."

Proposed Memorial

‘The Conservatory Society and the Prince Edward Island Club of Mount Allison University have decided to establish a "Margaret I-eard Memorial" ‘in rndnory of Nursing Sister Margaret Flora Leard. Miss Leard‘ was a member of the Class of ‘SI at Mount Allison Conservatory of Music and a member of the Prince Edward ls- Iand Club when she met her death in a tragic accident at nearby Aulac last winter. The mem- orial is to be in the form of a separate. library of classical recordings, to be placed Irl the Carnegie Room of the Conservatory at an esti- mated cost of $200. A scroll will have the names of the contributors inscribed upon it. Miss MOYY Shana, Sackville, for the Conservatory Society. and Allison Turner, Sackville, for the P. E. l. Club, are receiving contributions.

A Newfoundland Complaint

Newfoundland is getting "all set" to join

Confederation, but there is one important mat- ter still to be settled, and it has to do neither with finances nor constitutional rights. It is a matter of sentiment more than anything else. Canadian historians, it appears, are not over- enthusiastic in their reference to the centuries- old fact of John Cabot's discovery of Newfound- land. This because of Cape Breton's claim that Cabotfs landfall actually was in that island and not the Ancient Colony. vNewfoundlanders can- not understand why anyone can seriously doubt that Cabot made his landfall at Cape Bonavista on June 24, I497. . "Even schoolbooks dated in the last cen- tury," says a writer in the St. John's (Nfld) Eve- ning Telegram, "contained that time-honored phrase taken out of the Privy Purse account of King Henry VII: ‘To hym that found the New Isle, £10.’ Also Newfoundland's close associations with Bristol, the British port from which John Cabot sailed on his historic voyage of discovery. have produced further proof which cannot be questioned. Because of Cape Breton's insistence that John Cabot first sighted rho western World there, it is time to get the issue settled once and for all time. Any Canadian Government re- leases pertaining to Newfoundland, if of ‘an his- torical nature, should make the Cabot discovery unmistakably apparent." _

It appears that the Canodipndkltflffmfl“ of External Affairs, information division, It" 1"" issued a reference paper on Newfoundland which is a very factual and compact record ‘of the country. it gives a synopsis of the is- land's varied activities, including a brief I1ISI'OI"C- al survey. However, it does not say that Jalirl Cabot discovered the island. The "first para- graph in the historical survey says. Soon after John Cabot's report of the abundant fishery in I497, European fishermen began making annual voyages to the rich cod-hanks off Newfoundland. The island was formally claimed for England by Sir Humphrey Gilbert in I583, but British sov- ereignty was not clearly established until the Treaty of Utrecht in l7l3, when France renounc- ed her claims in return for exclusive fishing rights on the western and northern coasts."

This does not satisfy patriotic Newfound- landers by a long shot. "Future Canadian his- tory books," it ls insisted, "should contain por- iicuior ‘reference to the tenth Province, Mt emit- ting that Newfoundland came before Canada

and ls therefore not a "new land‘ but rather

airanclcnt ierii proud of belng the cor- ners" 2f.'!.".'°l.'!'.'.l‘!!.'-.l"."' "'1"- T!" 1"”

r

tion of Cabot and his discovery must be settled to the satisfaction of all Canadians, including Cape Bretoners, and the only answer is: John Cabot discovered Newfoundland June 24, I497 Perhaps this line could be inscribed in the Peace Tower at Ottawa along with the island's coat of arms?"

EDITORIAL NOTES The Communisty Chest project must wait further investigation. I I Q Moncton City Council are planning making Monday 27th. a civic holiday as Boxing Day, notwithstanding that it is not on the calendar. Q i I

Tenders are being called for the construc- tion of Range Huts and addition to the target shed at Squaw Point Rifle Range.

i I i fl

Georgetown has suffered from the reputa- tion of being an easygoing community but its Board of Trade now shows that the wide awake people are not all in the Western part of the Island.

fi I Q I

The Ottawa Government is industriously improving each shining hour before the elec- tion by "non-political" contacts with the el- ectorate through such pastmasters in political strategy as Ministers Martin, Gardiner and Howe.

i i i I

Present difficulties with Russia are apt to make us overlook the fact that Nazis are almost as plentiful in Germany today as during the war. Immigrants point out that it is fear of the Russians that causes the Germans to make much of British an-zl American forces.

C‘ I Q

Saskatchewan's C. C. F. government, like our own Liberal administration, is finding that socialism is not a free boon to the people but must be paid for. They are also finding that they already have as much of it as the tax-paver can afford and that there must now be some "tightening up of the purse strings."

ll I I O

An Ottawa speaker states that Canadians are too busy building power plants, changing the course of rivers, and discovering iron,_titan- ium a-nd atomic energy to spend time developing our awn culture. Such a view is much too narrow. These activities and the improvement of agri- culture and transportation are an expression of our culture and certainly not to be despised.

John Chandler Harris ("Uncle Remus"), American novelist and folklorist, born this date I848. A man of many occupations; his reputa- tion as an author was established in the old and new world by his book Uncle Remus publish- ed in I880, which appealed not only to children but to students of folklore. Among his other works are Mingo, Daddy Jake, and Wally Won- deroon: "Jay-bind don’ rob his own nes"'.

I i ‘I

The recent charge by Citizen's Research of Canada that farmers are unduly favored be- cause being 29 per cent of the population they pay only I.5 per cent of the income tax col- lected has brought a not unexpected reaction. Mr. R. A. Stewart, president of the Ontario Federation of Agriculture says that farmers would be very happy if net taxable income were evenly divided among various occupational groups.

I I I

At a meeting of the Maritime Inter-Group Association of Alcoholics Annoymaus at Monc- ton considerable business was discussed to keep step with the rapid growth of Alcoholics Anony- mous. At the present time there are groups in Sydney, Stellarton, New Glasgow, Trura, Hali- fax, Kentville, Bridgetown, Yarmouth and Am- herst, Nova Scotia; Saint John, Fredericton, and Moncton in New Brunswick, with plans under way for opening groups in Edmundston and Campbellton. In this province groups are in Summerside, Emerald Junction and Charlotte- town. lt was decided to hold quarterly meet- ings. . . _ Britain is to adopt new methods for build- ing schools. These are outlined in a report issued lost week, the recommendations of which have been accepted in principle by the Minister of Education, Mr. Tomlinson. The main object of the recommendations is to secure acceleration in Britain's educational building programme. To complete the work envisaged in the local auth- orities’ plans will require $280 million worth of. school construction each year for the next I5 years. The Technical Working Party on School Construction recommends a system of stand- ardisation flexibly applied. Bulk ordering of prefabricated units and their use on a wide scale are suggested.

I I I

"Oh, that mine enemy had written a book," was the pious exclamation of the scriptural seer. Today o political candidate is extremely sorry he did so. Dr. Eugene Forsey, who on behalf of the C. C. F. opposes George Drew in the Carleton by-election, wrote a book containing the il- laminating passage: "Until Christians learn to understand and apply the lessons of Marxism, they cannot enter into the kingdom of heaven —nor probably can anyone else." Drrforsey admits having expressed this sentiment in his book, but he says that was in I936, and that since their he has changed his mind. But, says "The Tely", Dr. Forsey was not a-n irresponsible youth when he decided that acceptance of Marxism was essential ,io salvation. He was a university graduate, had been tutored at Oxford as a Rhodes Scholar, and had for seven years been lecturer in Economics and Political Science at McGill University. When a man of that background reaches the considered opinion that Marxism must be accepted, it is not enough for him to say that he has changed his mind. What guarantee is there that he will not change his J

mind again] _ —

i l ii

ALLINAMAZE

Now that. the world 1s all 1n n maze. Drums and trumpets fending heav-

@118. Wounds a-bleeding. mortals dying. Widows and orphans plteously cry- 1X18: Armies marching. towns in a blaze, Kingdoms and states at. sixes and sevens-

Wbiet should an honest fellow do Whose courage and fortunes run equally low?

Let him live, say I, till his glass be run,

As easily as he may:

Lei. the wine and the sand of his glass flow together.

For life's but a winter's day.

Alas! from sun to sun

The time's very short, very dirty the weather.

And we silently creep nway.

Let. him nothing do he could irlsh undone,

And keep himself noise of gun.

-Thcitnas Flaimari (1674)

safe from the

$0M Old Charlottetown (And P. B. L)

CRIME AND PUNISHMENT

Sonia idea of the punishment though adequate to fit the crime in colonial days may be gained from old records of the Supreme Court. A corrlmonplaoe example is me following:

The Court met on the 21st day of February, 1804, and. upon the following day, the Grand Jury was called “and returned an in- dictmenr against. Black Jack for felony. The said Jack, being ar- raigned upon his indictment. pleads not. guilty. 111a Court orders him to be brought. up tomorrow at ten o'clock for trial." Accordingly on the 23rd. Febru- ary, tho Jury was empanelled and sworn. Mr. Attorney General (Hon_ Peter McGowan), prosecute: for the Crown. and opens the causes. “The examination of the prisoner. taken before a. magis- trate, read: Tihe Prisoner caihs Mr. Bracken to give him a char- acter. and the Clerk of the Court (Robert Hodgsom. ma.) for the same purpose. Jury receives their charge and retire, and after some time return is verdict of Guilty of stealing to the extent of Ten Pence." The Court ordered the prisoner back to Jail, and to be brought up on the next. morning to receive ibis sentence.

When on the next day the Court met, "Black Jack, who was found guilty upon his trial yesterday. having been brought. up for sen- tence, the Court. were pleased 00 pass the following verdict: That the said Black Jack be placed at- the end of a can or sled, and be whipped from tbeaJail 1n Char- lottetown to the Stocks; from thence to the Wharf. and from thence to the said Jail: but dur- 111g the said whipping he 1s only ‘.0 receive sixty lashes or stripes: that. ihe above sentence be put. znto execution iornarrow between the hours of nine and five o'clock."

Soviet Aims In Berlin

(By W.N. Ewer)

‘The Manchester Guardian the other day described the Paris dis- cussions on the Berlin situation as "almost academic". And indeed 1t has been plain for scme time that the chances of their leading to e. practical and workable sol- ution are “ell-nigh negligible, Al the beginning, when ihe Se- ‘curiw Council first took the Ber- lin question into consideration, there was rm opportunity", But, M. Vyshimlry dclihersieiy destroyed ii. First. he denied that the Coun- cil iiail any right to consider ille question at all; indeed he denied ihai there was any question io consider. ‘Their he used the Soviet vein w jirtvrill. a resolution ap- proved by nine of the eleven members from having any formal validity.

That accomplished. lie ado-pied a now technique. When Dr. Bra- muglfn, as President of the Coun- cil, set out mi his quest, for n new formula, for a ncw method, which might perhaps he accepted by all Four Powers, M. Vyshinsky sud- denly dropped his truculent pug- nacious manner. He played the other role for which he ls famous in ell the diplcvi-iaiic lhEStTCs oi Europe, He became the bland, conciliatory, eminently reasonable statesman. Flo-ports were carefully circulated that M. Vyshfnsky was willing to agree to this, that or the other: that there was is very 300d chance of settlement if only Sir Alexander Cadoganand Dr. Jessup and M. Paradl would be as reasonable as the Soviet deleget. The performance was well staged. And it has two purposes: first. to spin out time, second, to create the impression that. failure, when li came, was due to the intran- sfgeimce of ihe Western Powers. M. vyshinksyk earlier arrogance, M, Vyrhfnsky‘; derllant uses cf the W310 would he forgotten.» Even the blockade might be forgotten 1i‘ all niienilon could be focusserl on the technicalities of tho eur- rieiicy reform. The Soviet. Govern- meni could past before the world, and especially beforo 11s awn peo- ple, no an nggrlavod party; put- lemly seeking a oitrency agree- ment, thwarted in fie noble effort by the obsrinecy of Western wer- mongerii seeking ta create a crisis where there wee nothing really at lseuo save | fair technical prob- lem: about the currency finotfons o! | "bank at Cnlolloei.”

Ana oi the ‘ulna’ time. ac fa September Marshal Sokoloveldl’ has been charged rill-Ii the tut

IIIIQ BIA

THE COST OF OPERATING AS A l!

IIVIITIOUUIT HUT COLLAI. WOIKII/

oeoucnece on rue menu's income m: seven.

WH ITI

Bur N_0W HE wan-rs A Sir/recto. ‘rnx

f8 NOW

Stalin's Eravda Interview

(by W. N. Ewrer)

Premier Stalin's question and answer "interview" 1n Pravda the other day is like all his rare "Iri- terviews". an important document. For these interviews are always given for u. definite and specific purpose.

Most. people 1n Britain. most people in the world outside the So- viet Union and fta epaneges. were shocked by the Soviet Premier's calm distortion of the known and recorded facts of the immediate past. The outstanding feature of the statement was for them not. the accusation of “aggrosefveneafl and of "s policy of unleashing a new war". but 1t! complete and evidently deliberate falsification of the history of Moscow converse- tions and of the Berlin sessions of the Security Council. i

Those falsification: have already been exposed. ft. 1s simply untrue that the Western Powers "disa- vowed their representatives 1n Moscow" and "declared null and void” an agreement reached there. The records prove the untruth. Nor 1s 1t true that, 1n Paris. Dr. Bra- muglls. "Lad 1n hand an agreed

of making any agreement on currency impossible, by creating 1n Berlin conditions which would, make any agreement. unworkable.» While they talk 1n Berle, the Savior. offensive 1n Berlin, of. which the blockade Is only one pan, continues, The Soviet Mil-_ fiery Governor has already de-j strayed the machinery of Four- Power control 1n the city by with-j drawing his representatives both from the Allied Control Council and from the Kommandatum. Now he is destroying the machin- ery cit the German Municipal Ad- ministration.

The oiuripisigri which, 1n 114 ver- lous form-s, has been 1n progress for nearly is year is one of eabcc- age. Its objective 1s entirely plain. It is to compel the Western Allies to withdraw from Berlin and leave the city 1n coirniplete control of the Soviet Military Government and it; German vas- sals. 11s method 1a equally plain. Unless the Wesiem Allies do with- dralw, the economy and the ad- ministration of the city will be progressively wrecked.

It 1s a. characteristically ruth- less and unscrupulous policy. It may bring-about something near to collapse both 1n the cfiy and In the Soviet Zone. The economy oif the Zone had already been shaken by drastic rermovah oi! plant (45% of peacetime indust- rial productivity has gone), by the carrying-off of stocks and by‘ the faking c-f a large part of such, current production as is still pas-l sible, Now 1t. is further shaken. hy complete economic severance from the “iest,

. . . It seems rs short-sighted policy- this plundering and lmpaveristn‘ menb of the Soviet Zone. lt. seems equally short-sighted to increase distress and dislocation 1n the hope of ousting ihe Allies from Berlin. But tire Soviet leaders have "single track minds", And they have a single purpose - the achievement, consolidation and extension of the power of :tre icyfet Ernie. Did not, Lenin say that "the question of power 1s the fundamental ques- tion"? Has not Stalin laid 1t down that "the essence of the question ls who will defeatrwliom"? They have never hart samples about sne- rlflcing the well-being of their own peoples —- or the lives of their cwn comrades - io the pursuit of power. Why, then, should they worry about e few million Germ- mans?

In the starkest. most liberal some of the words. Russian polit- ics are “power politics". They want power over Berlin. They lee 1n the presencn-of the Western Allies 1n Berlin. and 1:1 the international agreements on which that p. ence ls based. simply obstacles in that ambition. They wish tn remove those obstacle: end they have no "bourgeois scruples" as to the means they will employ or the cost oif these means 1n human suffering. Stalin wants Berlin. Thea "Berlin is worth a famine".

‘that. lsiwhy the discussions 1n Paris have been "almost academ- ic". They remind one of the fam- ous mathematical problem which begen: "ignoring the weight. of the elephant". The talk; lri the Petals do Chellloi have ignored the welghtfeet. factor 1n the whale problem - the desire for power of M. Stalin and hie association. That. craving for power has been the key to his whole career. It 1|

draft solution of the queetfon of the situation In Berlin" and that “the representatives of the United State, and Britain declared their agreement null and void." Had such a draft agreement 1n fact existed: had the Soviet. delegation even believed, because of some misunderstanding, that 1t existed. M. Vyshlnslry would certainly have stressed the point 1n his final Stretch. He did not even refer w the possibility of suoh an “agreed draft solution" or of anything of the kfud. Evidently. the Stalin version but not been invented when he spoke. ~ I I I

But libero should be no surprise that the Prime Minister of the So- viet. Union should disregard the facts reoonded and present an eu- tfreiy fictitious account of the hie- tory of the past two months. Such a surprise is due to a failure to understand the processes of the Communists‘ thought. For an or- thodox Stulinfst history, 11kg p101. 08y. is an instrument of policy. Ira function 1s not to record facts but W Justify a thesis or promote an Oblecilve. And ff the record fails to meet the requirements - then the record must. simply be rewrit- ten. If anybody doubts that let him compare the current orthodox Communist history of the Russian Revolution with contemporary Communist records. The story has been altered out of all recognition. Soviet history has to be changed continuously to meet the needs of Stalinist policy. ,

M- Sllllll. then. Is merely apply- ing to current events a technique familiar enough ln Bolshevik hand- ling of past history. There i; no need to be surprised or shocked. It Ls not the fact of falsification but. 11a purpose which is interest- fng. And the purpose 1s not. hard to define.