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FRANK Moaoan . AUNE MocMAl-ION

8.15 -’- 7.00 - 8.45

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Their Majesties’ Chris tmas Greeting

painted by Edith Andrews which ha

A rom a Country Hedge een selected by Queen Mary as the Christmas card she will use in lxtending theseascnm greetings this year.

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MONDAY - TUESDAY — WEDNESDAY

DAILY 3.15 — 1.00 —- 8.45 P- M.

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110-260.

i-hhe Central Guardian

This column ls reserved for news of local interest but odvcrtlalnl of a newly nature m” be Inserted l! l nontl I ward strictly payable in advance.

DOLLAR DAYS continued Mon- day and Tuesday. Prowsc Bros. Lid. L-3439-l1-30-2l

POLICE LOOK FOB. BURGLABS -The strident ringing of the Bank of Canada burglar alann at the Police station gave the men on duty several "runs" last night. There were no “Qunmt-‘JY’ IT- the Bank, however, merely something wrong with the electrical part of thg alarm system. '

DUE T0 THE inclement “ of Thursday and Friday, Dollar Days will be continued Monday and Tuesday. Prowse Bros. Ltd.

11-3439-11-30-21

ST. PBTERJS CATHEDRAL, Tea and Sale, Wednesday, Dec. 4th. Good food, Christmas gifts, toys and novelties. L-3438-ll-30-2i

FINE FOX SKINS —- M1‘. Harry Kirsch of Moncton purchased yes- terday from Mr. Athol Roberts, Winsloe, two beautiful specimen fox skins. top-notch prices, were large size three-quarter silvers with handsome blue black roaries, and Mr. Kirsch says were the finest skins he has handled this season.

CARD TOURNAMENT CON- CLUDES-Thc concluding game of the card tournament in the Holy Name Hall was held last night. The winners for the tournament were Mrs. Peter McDonald and Austin Bradley. Last night's winners were: Ladies’ first, Mrs. Creighan; second, Miss Lappin; Gentfieesienbs first, Wil- liam Oondon; second, J. J. Bowlan.

CRESCENT CLUB-Y. M. C. A. --'I‘he regular weekly meetihi; 0! the Crescent Club of the Intermed- iate section at the Y. M. C. A. was held last. cvenl-IYB. Vice President Bill u ‘ A presided and pre- sented a page; to the club on the “Life of Lord Tweedsmuir” Cana- da}; fecgntly appointed Governor- General, Next-week the club will alum "The 193a Olympics and Germany's attitude toward the Jewish athletes.” Plans were dis- wgged for the following week and in connection with a special pro- gramme for the Christmas holiday season.

DRAMATIC GROUPS CALI. MEETING-Prince Edward Iflllmd. tho only province without the little theatre movement. will‘ soon swing

in line with other provinces. A dramatic group have called an o1‘- ganiaation meeting for early in De- cember when an evening of one wt p13}?! wlll be presented under the distinguished patronage of Lieuten- ant Governor George DeBlols. Mem- bers oi the temporary committee lgsuing invitations for the meeting expressed the hope that a dramatic team would be sent to OWWIB 1mm Prince Edward Island next Sprifll to compctt in tho Dominion B1111"! Festival. The plays Whhh W1" i” presented st the first performance include The Wedding directed by Miss Marjorie Hicks, and The Vali- one by Ralph WWW- "m 5- 3- Roper, who was honored by a Bri- tish Columbia dramatic crash!»- tion lsst year, and J. Austin ‘train- or, well known Char-mum direc- tor, are among those , the movement.

r

RETURN mom nusmnss TnmJI‘. G. Ives and son, Stewart Ives. Charlottetown, returned this week from a business trip to Upper Canada. They visited the ‘Ibronto Motor Show. conceded the finest Automobile Show 1n North l where each manufacturer tries ta outdo the other. They also motored to Niagara Falls and on to Windsor and Walkerviile -- the Canadian manufacturing centres for molt Canadian built. earl. from there the! crossed vis tunnel to Detroit, Mich. the Automobile Metropolis of Amer- snd roceeded no south Bend.

., the items of the Studebaker. On their return homo they the loyal Winter Fair st "Monte and the Montreal M050!‘ 511W-

cercmcny 1c Westminster Hall." The chi-trims in extending this years greet- ylor 1H. The card depicts the members of the f0"! fllfllli. N" llfl, ehcioysi congratulations d

0 .... 2.9.‘. failures.

Mon new automobiles are belnl purchased at the several motor

‘than ever before. 1M the armature-s s able to nlwlv spills for

The pelts, which fetched.

8'1‘. PETEB’! Cathedral Tes and

Sale, Wednesday, Dec. 4

n-alea-u-ae-ai

BREAKS LEG IN ACCIDENT _ Mr. Arthur Grady cf Summerside had his leg broken yesterday when the wheel of a motor truck passed over it. Mr. Grady was in a truck takihtf a horse to Summer " . When going out Elm Avenue he thought he heard the horse getting loose. The driver, Mr. Oliver Campbell. slowed down and Mr- Grady opened the cab door and leaned out to lock at. the horse. In some way he slipped and the right rear wheel passed over his leg. He was taker; at once to the Prince Ed- ward Island Hospital where he was reported last night as resting com- fortably.

PERSONALS

The many friends of Mr. Tom DeBlois will be glad to learn that he is nvalescing in the Prince Ed- ward land Hospital following his recent illness and expects to return to his home on Sunday.

Mr. Aubrey Cutcliif, Fredericton, who underwent an operation in the Prince Edward Island Hospital re- cently, returned to his home yester- day.

Annual Meeting A

(Continued from Page 1) ture, however, I have entitled my paper "Some Aspects of Mental and Moral Deficiency."

Now, there is a good deal of doubt regarding the exact delimitation oi these groups.

The term "Mental Defect" is gen- erally accepted as denoting intel- lectual defect, existing from birth, or from the early years of the in- dividuals life; and so the term mental defect, or mental deficiency applies to cases of congenital or early acquired intellectual defect, as measured by one or other cf the methods of intelligence testing.

Tests for the level of intelligence are based on the works of Benet and Simon, two French psycholo- gists-these tests have been various- ly modified, and when rightly used are of much value. They are based on "the measurement by a series of empirical teats of the average intel- ligence of normal children at differ- ent ages, by comparison with the scale oi intelligence found in this way; the mental development of a defective subject can be readily de- termined and expressed in terms of intellectual age. Thus, a defective, who at the age of 20 years succeeds only in the tests which can be per- formed by the average normal child of eight years, is described as hav- ing an intellectual level of eight years, and the diagnosis designating intelligence levels are as follows:

Idiot,

imbecile - Low grade, medium grade, high grade.

Moron .—- Low grade, medium grade, high grade.

Borderline,

Not mentally deficient.

We will define these terms as follows:

IDIOT!

Persons so deeply defective in mind from birth, or from an early age, as to be unable to guard them- selves sgslnst common ' ‘c dangers-their ntellectusl level is up to 2 years.

IMBEUILES

Persons in whose case there ex- ists from birth, or from 1n early age, mental defectiveness not amounting to idiocy, yet so pro- nounced that they arc ncapsble of managing themselves, or their sf- fsirs, or in the case of children of being taught to do so-thcir in- tellectual level 2-‘1 years.

Morrow

Persons 1n wliasc cue there exists from birth, or an any m. mental

dsfectlvensls, not amount to im- beollity, yet so pronounced at they require care, supervision and control

‘for their own protection, or the pro- detectors tection

of others, or in the case of children are incapable of receiving proper benefit from instruction in

an ordinary school - intellectual level 1-12 years. IOIDNILINI

Pcrscnlnor ‘tatllttotbcnor- fnal lutelloatuolllvol s little over tbs fl years.

disorder

gsrd to the intelligence quotient. commonly known as the I.Q.—_thi.s is obfsined by dividing the chron- ological sge, that is the actual age. into the mental age, for example, s ten year old boy who could only pass the test for a boy of six would be 6-10 or 60% of ths normal-bis I. Q. would be 60. An I. Q. below 20 connotes an idiotic level of in- telligencs, one between 20-50 an im- becile level-one between 50-10 a moronic level-between 70-50 a bor- derline level. An I. Q. over 80 usu- ally suggests that the individual is not mentally deficient. These tests are reliable enough to be of much assistance, and are used widely in schools and other institutions, and now psychologists are working out tests to measure the -‘ ‘ aptitudes and abilities, mechanical and acade ' , to establish an I. Q. for the particular quality tested. The term "Moral defect" is usually applied to those cases in which antisocial conduct has existed from an early age, moral deficiency can- not be inborn, moral sentiments are in all cases acquired, individuals who display moral deficiency have suffered from some antece’ ab- normality, which, may be inborn, or may be acquired from the environ- ment through infection, for example (the behavior of post-encephalitic children) or through faulty train- fng.

' immorality and Mental Deficiency

With regard to immorality and mental deficiency. the general ac- cepted vicw of those who have made special studies along these lines, is that mental deficiency in itself is not of theyimportance that it was thought to be. but that rather in those cases showing marked sexual abnormalities, such as sexual per- vcrslons and inversions and prostitu- tion, and also criminalistic types showing anti-social behaviour, as major and. minor offences, there is s lack of emotional and volitional control designated as moral defici- ency. Now. this defect may be found in s, mental defective, or in a person of average or superior intel- lect. Individuals of this type are commonly classified as psycopaihic personalities, and it is in this group of individuals that we find the anti- social types, for example, the racke- teers, gun men, tramps, sexual per- verts, including prostitutes, klepto- maniacs, pyromaniacs, pathological liars and those highly irritable, ex- plosive and litigious types, irequent- ly these types of individuals become so morally deteriorated that they are classed as moral imbeciles, seemingly incapable of appreciating the moral standards of the com- munity, and are a continual source of worry and annoyance to those whose duty it is to maintain law and order, they frequently have to be cared for in an institution.

Types of Individuals

To give you an idea of the types of individuals cared for in State in- stitutions I will quote the New York state set up:

L-There are 19 state hospitals for the eleatment of mental and nervous diseases, the general aver- age in these hospitals is about five thousand, some have eight and ten thousand patients.

There arc numerous types of mental disease, and mental disease is manifested by disorders of be- havior and thought, such as marked depression or excltements; often a person with mental disease fancies himself being persecuted, poisoned, being followed. he hears voices or sees visions, he may show great emotional instability, become con- fused in his ideas or show himself lacking in Judgment so as to be un- able to manage himself, or his af- fairs properly. Mental disease is by no means, a hopeless condition, at this time about 20% of admissions are sent out as recovered, and an- other 20% are sufficiently recovered to leave the hospitals.

2.-'I‘here are five state schools for mental defectives. Now, while men- tal disease is a. breaking down, or disordered function of the mind, mental defect consists in a lack of intelligence and ability to care for oneself.

While actual mental deficiency cannot be cured, much can be done 3111011811 sllecialized instruction and proper habit formation to make the child better able to take care of himself, and in many cases to be- come more or less self supporting in later life. A large proportion of mental defective: do not require in- stitutional care, but with trsinin and supervision can be made usefu members of the household and com- munity. Many public schools main- tain special classes.

3.—One institution is maintained for Epileptics, this defect may be caused by n great variety of condi- tions, and. convulsions do not, neces- ssrily mean epilepsy-epilepsy has other manifestations than convul- sions, periods of extreme irritabil- ity, outbursts of temper, and vary- ing degrees of unconsciousness. Epilepsy is not a species of feeble- mindedness, although the two may be associated; long continued opil- e may result in mental deterior- a ion, which is different from feeble- mindedness; epilepsy often mani- fests itself in a. person of superior

sl intellect.

nsbruounurs

t-Tbere are six state prisons for the ordinary prisoner, for the crim- inal insane two. for defective de- linquents two, and there are five stats raformatories for boys and girls between the ages of 11 and 16, and men and women between the ages of 10 and 30. Than there are two institutions for the care of the blind, six for the deaf, and one for

handicapped children.

this point I wish to mention

foal direction 0! Physical or mental , the application of occu- potion recreation. with the ob- jeot cf promoting recovery, of creat- ing new habits. and of preventln, time. This work needs to be under the direction of an in- clvidusl trained in this line of work. Occupational therapy is needed where there is enforced idleness as

‘in mental . hospitals, general hos-

pitall. senator-fume. ils. etc. 1t would be a step forward to have s trained occupational thcrauplst to

tblst-ypoefwork mom-ls- snd institutions

lfornfwtaflwnmsmwitbre- smiel.

‘flien than is the field of social wmkm to keep in touch

with patients, especially lllHl-fl- cases who have left the institution, to help the patient adjust in his environment, and change the en- vironment for the better adjust- ment of the patient.

The problem of caring for those unable to adjust as an ordinary cit- izen docs, because of some defect. mental or physical, is an immense problem. Some remarks with re- gard to the etiology or causation will be of interest, as well as some remarks with regard to prevention and eatment.

Anti-social behavior has s close relationship to abnormal mental states. A survey of 10,000 pr’ carried out by the Rockfeller Foun- dation showed 60% cf the prisoners to be mentally abnormal.

osusrgs or mamas nrssass

In speaking of the etiology one must remember that a mental dis- order is the sum of many condi- tions, and the ondpresult o! a long chain of processes. The role of heredity must be very great, depres- sion oftcnseema to have a family incidence, and mental diseases tend to converge 1n certain families, and to be~abscnt in others, however, the predisposition to mental illness may remain undeveloped, an exogenous factor being often "required to pre- cipitate the illness. However, an indiscriminate advocacy of birth control might lead to o. lowered moral standard, and to an increase of promiscuity, to say nothing of the nation being overwhelmed by other nations continuing to propa- gate more rapidly.

Then there are those who would meet the care of the dependent by means of sterilization — a. question much to the forefront in Germany at the present time, and which is meeting with a. great deal of op- position, this measure still requires much careful study and research before being cautiously applied.

Segregation. on the other hand. is justifiable, and to be recommend- ed, not only on humanitarian, but also on economic grounds. It is not the whole “ “ , however, 1n this way the individual is safe-guarded, and not exploited, he can become to a certain extent, orderly, better controlled, and not such a burden. It is not the obviously intellectual defects, but rather, as I said before. the moral defects, or moral im- beciles. who do the damage in a community.

Alcoholism is an immense social problem for which no good solution has yet been discovered, and it is much more common in the parents of the insane, than of the sane,- experimental evidence shows that alcohol, long continued, can vitiate the germ piasm, and impair the vitality of the offspring. Alcohol is responsible for some 10-15% of ad- missions to mental hospitals, and there are also many minor mental conditions, either cf a. transient or permanent nature, due to alcohol. which are not admitted to mental hospitals, but are responsible for much of the homicidal and sexual crimw, and also of tempted sui- eicei. »

It is. of course, well recognized that there is a strong possibility that defective parents will breed a defec- tive stock. A bad stock is one where is fourid- a. large number of members exhibiting various forms of degen- eracy, besides insanity, e.g- feeble- mlndedness, epilepsy. criminality, pauperism, inebriety, in fact a gen- eral low standard mental and phy- sical.

Alcoholism‘ and nervous diseases are more frequent in the ancestors of congenital defectives than in the anticedents of any other type of mental disease.

MARRIAGE .

It is not wise to dogmatise in this matter, but it cannot be answered by drawing up arbitrary laws, rather it is a matter that can only be ap- proached when the public are so en- lightened as to realize for them- selves the difficulties, the trials, and the sorrow which the propagation of defective stock means, both to the parents and to the offspring.

An associated topic of great social importance is the subject of birth- control. It has been discussed with a great deal of feeling both in the lay and medical press, and ii; de- mands attention. It is of far great- er importance to thing of it from b racial and moral point of view, rather than from that of the in- dividual family. As things are to- day, birth control is practiced by the upper and well to do middle classes, and it is used by the thrifty and ambitious, who want to main- tain a maximum amount of com- fort for themselves, and at the same time give any sons and daughters they have advantages which the parents themselves in their own young days did not possess. The consequence of this is that the really better class population are tending to diminish, and more and more and more the unruly element tends to increase. Alcoholism is frequently a symptom of a mental disorder.

Syphillis, like alcohol, may act before birth, or at an early age, and produce mental defect, and when acquired in later life may cause mental disease of various types. It g‘ 13-15% of admissions to mental hospitals, not. to say anything of the numbers severely handicapped, but not reaching hospitals. .

Then we have also causing mental defects severe illnesses, traumas, especially head, drugs, exogenous and endogenous poisons, exhaustion, financial and business worries, do- mestic difficulties, sexual difficulties, not. forgetting the endocrine glands which are receiving a great deal of attention at the present time.

Now. these are some of the onus- stive factors in mental illness, brief- ly mentioned.

In closing, just a few remarks, for sswcgrowoldsrwosresoaptto lose the vlcwpointof the adolescent, and fail to understand his difficul- ties. We must not forget that with the changing trends of time new conditions and situations have been created with which the adolescent has to contend, and the closer the individual approachesio adulthood. the greater are societies demands upon trim. The adolescent. has to meet and master these phases of life to become the capable adult:

lF-lidueationsl — the required standard. .

2.-Econom1c—s standard of liv-

lug. t-Scxual-probleuis of puberty and adolescence. .

‘te-tnotional-io face such-diffi- culties ss iilneu, deeihl. fires, ac- cidents. .-

bl-Dumestic - Marriage, justmeut and responsibility.

6.—Social: to adjust to church. law, politics, and to the social life‘ of the community. We cansur- round youth with cuu agement. thereneed be no sneering superior- ity, no ridicule, no tyrannical auth- ority. no d atic over ruling. noth- ing to un ermine the confidence

its bu;

and assertion that are-necessary to '

approach work and love on an adult basis.

To conclude, “mental health, is the adjustment of human beings to the world and to each other, with a maximum of effectiveness, and hap- piness, not just efficiency, or just contentment, or the grace of obey- ing the rules o! the game cheerfully, it is all of these together, it is the ability to maintain an even temper. an alert intelligence, socially con- siderate behavior, and a. happy dis- position. This, I think, is a healthy mind."