H.-\SZAttl)’S GAZE'I"l'E, APRIL 9.

AN INTERIOR VIEW OF RUSSIA BY AN AMERICAN.

He says: “Being in Russia, any one will be struck with the fact, that thegovernment of the country is man, and one man only. Everything is controlled sol ly by the Emperor. You may be taken from your bed at night, and your fate settled without trial, hearing, judge or jury. The police have full power to take any man, and do with him what they are ordered to do; and the man is helpless. No such thing as a trial b_ jury is known in Russia. I have known instances of persons taken from their house in the night, without recourse, and their history ended: the world ceased to know any thing of them after they were arrested.

“The Emperor is all poiver, in any and all cases. No Russian, be he nobleman or scrf, can leave the soil without. the Emperor's permission. Jokoloff, the great sheet-iron nian. wished to leave the empire. He had ninety million roubles deposited in the government bank, and other millions in iron. Blithe could not leave the country, for he would take with him, or spend, too much money abroad. A man can no more leave Russia than an American can leave a State prison. At one of the depots on the railway between St. Petersburg and Moscow, I found a Russian gcntleinan who was in quasi exile, and his crime having been that, on a visit to the United States, he overstayed his time a month or two, and when he returned, he discovered, that his propert

had been confiscated; nor was he allowed to live in any one of the capitals, but he was compelled to live in that out-of-tlie-way place—such vengeance being

nalty for disregarding in the slightest degree the

.mperor’s will.

“The Emperor is the chief busiiiess-man of the Em- pire. He does everything. Every man who has any authority whatever in the empire gets it from the Em- peror direct, and is accountable to him alone. In Russia no man moves without a passport, and every Russian’s name is registered in his police district; if he steps beyond that line, it must be by the Emperor’s authority. Once a year, every Russian has to swear before Heaven that whatever the Emperor does, or may do, is right. 'I‘he privilege is paid for every twelve moiits. If a Russian wishes to change his residence, even to the next door, he must nave permission from the police, wait three days before he moves. and pay for the privilege of loconiotion, as he pays for every oiﬁcial paper he takes out; all of which makes it expensive to breathe, niucli |‘.l0!'0 to move, in Russia. l\'o contract is binding, no title to real estate can he iraiisferred, except on stamped paper. The pet‘-(‘t:Ill‘cI:.:£' that toes to the government as a tax for the sheet depends on the value of the property. some of these sheets of paper bring the government from ﬁve hundred to two thousand dollars. Every llussian is .1 creature of the Emperor. Everything that belongs toa Russian belongs to the Emperor. The great estates are held by the nobles; but their title exists at the will of the Emperor. He can conﬁscate their property at any instant; and they are as absolute- lv his slaves, as are the meanest of his serfs.”

' “Only one great railway is ﬁnished in Russia: this is from St. Petersbnrg to Moscow. The Warsaw road is completed only thirty niiles——froin St. Petersburg to Gatclien. A portion of the rest of the road is graded, but nothing more has been done to it since the ivar be- gan. They have no large canalsin Russia; those which exist being only short sluices between the rivers to promote internal navigation.

“ Among the public works of the empire, for fortiﬁca- tion or defence, the strongest are those of Cronstadt, embracing the fortiﬁcations in the Baltic, all of which are built with an eye to the rotection of this place. (Jronstadt is the sheet-anchor of) the ca ital. It is the chief stronghold of the empire. If eter the Great

could come from his tomb, he would compliment his

successors for having carried out his original idea of protecting all approaches to the capital by sea. And

yet Cronstadt came very near being taken last year.

And it should have been taken. It was only a series of blunders that prevented it. If an American engineer

who-comprehended English naval affairs could have

directed the ﬂeet of Admiral Dundas last year, he would

have taken Cronstadt. But the Admiral was afraid of infernal submarine machines; and on the day that

everybody expected Cronstadt would be taken,he retired!

The English ﬂeet threw shells into the town, which

exploded and set the place on ﬁre in several places.

The ﬂeet could have come u near enough to have sup-

ported their advanced guii- atteries; and if a bold and

well directed movement had been made on that day, the

town would have been carried or bumed to ashes.

Such was the opinion of the engineers of the Russian i» empire, who stood on the ramparts and looked on the

scene. They expected it. 'I‘hiis Russia was saved, for

Cronstadt was spared.

“Cronstadt is about two miles in length by half a mile wide. It is strongly fortified on the south side, while it is open on the north. The channel being on the southern side, most of the guns are planted to coin-

3: .-a CD

inaiid it. allies are now building they could pass to the north Sltl0_m-misticc pmdnc-ed 3 pm 3 an _ 1 p e_ exposed. \\ lien they should once have passed (.l't)l]Sla(l(‘sudden|y ,,c,i,.(._

.-.- -v.-¢.~ -vuqgtcjul

But with the light draft of boats Wllicll lllcl A letter from Kertcli says that the news of the

found sensation ofjoy along

0P9" *1 d°3dlY ﬁre» “'ll°W “WY ‘Vollld be ll"l‘3,tlie shores of the Sea of Azoff, and hiisincss became

they would be at the gates of St. Petersburg. nine miles.

“ But Sc-hastopol has been the scene of the deepest‘ interest: and it is straiige how little the world coiiipre— liends the enormous losses that Russia has sull'ei'ed in that place. When the clouds of war lief-.van to blackeii over Europe, and it was ascertained that Sebastopol was the point where the allies would strike their chief blow,j ', I , preparations were made by Nicholas to eoiicciitrateliis “ll \ ﬂccouiits of _the weather.‘ power in that direction and be drained the empire of its_’ 9'15"" (/°d"'"3l"_" _l"35 issued S‘-‘lleml Oldefs best troops. When the war begaan, a large portion of dﬂlfid Mﬂfcll 3._ follllddlng to ﬁre upon the enemy the best trained divisions of the Russian empire werc_llnlIl llIe_ expiration of the armistice on the 3Ist_ marched towards Sebastopol, numbering not less than; The line of the aqueduct running along the left two hundred thousand. Their terriﬁc losses, whicl'i,bank of the Tclierntiys is the line of separation be- were always greater than the allies supposed, were con- , tween the English and Russia" ;m,,i,,s_ stanily supplied by new drains upon the best depart-- Them iga report from the Crimea that two div- mems °f ‘he Russ”-“ 3"“Y- I‘ '3 "°l °“lY Probablcalsions of the arinv—tlie Highlanders, and the :2d and but certain, that up to the 1st of August, last year, the‘ 4”, tnvision, under Sir C. Campbell, will immed-

I‘ ‘S °"lV7 The Imperial foundry established on the left bank of the Don has been closed, and this seems to con- ﬁrm the intention inanifcsted by the court of Russia 'to abandon all its maritime establislunents on the lack Sea. Letters from the camp in the Crimea extend from ,'the 2d to the 7th of March, and are chieﬂy occupied

Russians had lost three_hundred thousand picked iiieii,,i,,,e'y Pmceed ,0 C,mada_ and after the southern side of Sebastopol was taken audl

the losses were accurately ascertained, the official report} DIs“,,,om1_M“T sent to St. Petersburg and the reports made in person by the commanders to the Emperor, settled it beyond a doubt, that from the 1st of August till the retreat to them north side of Sebastopol the lossesﬂmust have ainoiinted 1 nnnle of Austria, while England and gallant lime 5"- to seventy-five thousand more. Such were the private.ld,n.n at-3 tn-0,,g|,¢ ,,,t,, the “ranges, possible relief. reports of Prince G-ortschakoﬁ' that were laid before ll1B:According to it letter. received from a perfectly well- Lm iinformed ‘person residing in Paris, Count Buol, the re- ‘- presentative of Austria, meets with far less attention

AT VlE.\'NA.-ANOTHER PICKINO I-‘OK Alli-JTRIA.

The speech of the Emperor Napoleon has produced

disagreeable impression here, as but slight mention is

LITTLE

ror.

hen the allies met’ the Russians at Sebastopol itf was very nearly an even game. Europe had passed_tha_n C_ount Oi-loﬂ‘, the Plenipotentiary of Russia, and through an almost unbroken peace for a generation. It Ispllkely enough that such is actually the case, Nicholas came to the throne when the revolutions of the, R059"! has foughl her blllles l"‘ﬂ"ely. and obtained Na oleon era were snbsiding. He had began life byglhf’ "°9P°°l 0f lie!‘ '"'"'8°"'9l5_3 bu‘ ""3 P°ll¢)' 0f A“- siudying the laws, the languages of the people of all theim‘ l"‘5 ‘"39" 900}! “Nil She IS equally disliked. and E {perhaps equally distrusted, by all parties. A Vienna fcorrespondent makes a communication to the Franlybrt Post Zeilung that well deserves the attention of the diploinatists now assembled in Paris. The indiscreet Au.-ttrian says literally:-—-“ \Vhen peace is concluded Count Buol intends again to direct his attention to a matter which was set aside when the European-Russi- an difference assumed such formidable dimensions. The matter in question is a claim which Austria made on the Porte when Count Leiningen went on his missi- on to Constantinople. VVhat is desired is the cession ofa little strip ofland, called the Sutorina, which runs into the Austrian territory in Dalmatia. and has fre- quently led to quarrels.” Now Austria would not only like to have the Siitoriiin, but also another strip ofland which is at Kleck, behind the island of Subli- oncello. but she has no more claim to either of them tlitin the Czar has to Moldavia or Wallachia.

A WILLIAM TELL Snor.-—-The Boston Post must be held responsible for the following:

“ ln Putstown, Rensselear county, New York, Horace H. Wadsworth, with his riﬂe at arm's length, at twenty paces, shot a potato from the head of it young man named Crogan. The potato was cut in two, uml by the force of the ball a wale as big as It man’s ﬁnger was raised on Crogan’s head, and the poor fellow thought his sltull was spilt, though no

load was drawn nor any real harm done. The truth is ii party in the tavern, somewhat elated, had been discussing the story of William Tell. and that led to the [N‘l'lllllli-I trial. Cnrggtill sing it was the lll‘sl and last time that he will ever staiid as a live illustration of Swiss patriotism.”

uropean states. Nothing was left undone to make him the most complete prince that ever sat upon a throne. Whatever the science, the arts, the ex riencc of other civilized states had produced, became his by inlieritancc,l by study, by combinatioii,or by purchase. He had bronglit ~ into his empire and clustered around his throne the ﬁiiest minda snd the most flexible resources of the civilized world. When the allies met him at Sebastopo|,they had no surprise in store for bini. His (iortcliakoffs, Mentchikoffs, and other koffs, coinpreliended the whole system of war- fare, from the point where Napoleon left it when he started for St. Helena, better than any other men in Eu- rope. He had, in imitation of Peter the Great, served a long noviciate,and mastered the whole business ofeinpiro. It may be fairly asserted by an iinpertial American that Nicholas and his agents understood their business better than any general among the allies. The whole science of warfare was exhausted before Sebastopol was taken, iissia was not surprised at a single step; she was no- where taken iinawares. They said she could not ﬁght in the open ﬁeld, but at Balaklava and lnkermanii the rolls of English chivalry were wrcathed in crape. Americans dont like to hear the allies say that the Russians cannot ﬁght. We all know that Englishmen and Frenchmen can fight ; and with the terrific sacriﬁce the allies made in those open ﬁeld battles, it is no compliment in their heroism, to say that they did not have a formidable foe to deal with. From the battlements of Sebastopol gleam- ed the bestchivalry of the Russian empirc——there witness-, ed the highest culmination of the military art in moderni times. ---noc———

( By Telegraph to the St. John, N. B. Reading Room.) LATEST NEWS FROM EUROPE. iiaiuur. or run “ ASIA" in NEW YORK.

New YORK, April 4th. The Asia arrived this P. M. Liverpool dates are to the 22d March.

Mr. John Young, indefatigable in all matters pertaining to the commercial prosperity of his coun- try, is mooting. on behalf of the Montreal Board of Trade, a project no less interesting than new. He proqpses, at aublic cost, a telegraphic communicat-

.0 ion etween uebec, and a point on tne north shore cl‘i§'.Z?e?'i'Ti3f.3i‘i.§l‘“‘ill‘iﬁZ°§l{n‘ifo‘i~”3§f..}T°Tl‘i §3.Z'i‘;'.'{i‘.l of the Sim of Bellcisle» 700 mi|e- East of would beextended to the 30,}, Aprjp Quebec, and only V 1878 eat of Liverpool. Anls'rs.——Breadstuﬂ's very dull; quotations nominal. The” "'9 Clmadlan “"9 °f iSl°'"l°"' 'll°“ld Western Canal Flower 31s a 32s. Corn is lower. l°“°l'- Th°0¢° "'9 E|"°P°°" "W" 'l'°||ld be “Elli- It is generallyibelieved that the treaty of peace would Cd “l°“8 “W Wl"°'- {O7 ‘he beenﬁl °l "'3 WONG?" be signed on onday, the 24th March. The tenth W0flll- Tl!!! lNlVM|lﬂ8e9 0' "ll! Pllﬂ» Ill 708170! meeting of the Plenipotentiaries was held on Monday, the time and distance, are inanil'est.—New York Albion. 18th, when the Prussian representatives took their seats. The eleventh meeting was to take place on Thursday the 20th. The actual business of the Conference is understood to be over. A committee of representatives, of each Power, is engaged in getting up a treaty of peace. The committee consists of Bourqueney Lord Cowley, Ceiuit Buol, Baron Brunow, Count Cavour, and alseAali Pasha. The papers are full of congratulatory paragraghs respecting the infant Bonaparte.

P/tins ‘aimiv.-—'l‘he Empress and young Prince continue to go on well.

The eleventh sitting of the Congress announced for

A paper in Ohio tells a good joke ofseveral prison- on who were conﬁned in one‘of the country jails pf the Buckeye State. The jail was old and dilapidat- ed, und one night they escaped from their durance vile, in other words “broke jail”—but instead of escaping, the jailor found them the next morning seated on top of their prison-house pounding the roof with great violence. Surprised beyond measure, he asked them what they were doing, whereupon one of them replied that the house leaked so bad

Thursday, did not take p|ace—it will take place to mori-ow,22d.

when it rained, they concluded they would just step out and repair the roof. _