TUESDAY, OCTOBER 27, 1959.

Child’s Rights Proclaimed

‘There was a news item from the United Nations General Assembly - Jast week which should have been

‘given more publicity than it receiv- ed. This had to do with the adoption, by, a committee of. the Assembly, of a declaration on the rights of child- ren. First drafted by the U.N. Com- mission on Human Rights last spring, it received committee ap- proval without a dissenting voice and will likely be endorsed by the As- sembly in plenary gession.

In brief, the declaration outlines the need of children to grow up in an atmosphere of affection and mat- erial: security, urges protection for the child against all forms of exploit- ation, emphasizes the right. of men- tally and socially handicapped child- ren to special care and treatment,

+ and calls attention to the child’s right to an adequate education.

While it appears to be a compar-

atively simple document, the dec-

Jaration came into being only after

minority views on children by vary-

ing religious and political systems had been examined. The heart of the * declaration is its preambular state- ment that “mankind owes t the child the best that it has to give.” Then it sets forth ten rights, which '___ are to be enjoyed “without distinc- — tion or discrimination on account of race, color, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status, whether of himself or his family.” send Cynics will say that this means nothing. Such declarations have no ' binding legal effect, and might just as well be consigned to_the waste- basket. That is to overlook their moral influence, emanating as they do from the highest Parliament of Man that we have yet been able to bring into existence. In setting forth

_standards below which the world ‘community wants the welfare of no child to fall, it will have made pro- gress of incalculable value. Along with the -Declaration of Human Rights, this new U.N. document will strengthen the hands of all concern- ed with child welfare and education. There will be times, too, when it will be cited in courts and legislative bodies, though without actual juridi- cal authority.

Yes, this is an historic manifest6; _this Magna Charta for children. It goes indeed to the root of all our future world problems. For it is in- conceivable that a generation nurs- ed on the concepts set forth in this declaration could be recruited into hostile, implacable camps, or waste its substance, as we are now doing,

i

on weapons of suicidal destruction...

Income Tax In Russia

The Milwaukee Journal has been analyzing Premier Khrushchev’s an- nouncement, made in his final speech to the American people, that Russia soon would abolish income taxes. That sounded like progress indeed; it would be a sure way to the hearts of the voters on this continent if our pol- iticians could make such a promise and carry it out. The Journal does not doubt that Mr. Khrushchev will implement his assurance, because it doesn’t mean the same thing at all. Under the Soviet system not mtch more than 7 per cent of all state in- come comes from the income tax. ’ And if this tax were abolished tomor-

row it would be replaced by a rise

in turnover taxes, or consumer prices,

or both, to keep money flowing into

government coffers. _ In Russia most government revenue comes, in two ways, from the sale of consumer goods. At each step in the turnover, from the time the goods _ leave the factory until they reach the ultimate purchaser, there is a tax. On many items the sum total of these taxes adds up to a 100 per cent boost _ $n the actual cost of the items. In ad- . dition the government sets the prices

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_ any profit it wants,

of consumer goods—and it can make. |

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‘The turnover taxes and the heavy price markups give the government tremendous sources of income—sour- ces it can manipulate at will while contending that the Soviet citizen is 4he most untaxed individual in the world. In addition these controls over consumer goods tend to keep down

- consumption. The government thus is

more easily able to concentrate on its heavy industry program. ’

We wish somebody had argued this :

matter out with Mr. Khrushchev on his American tour, and not permitted him to have gotten away with his talk about reducing the income tax. His statements received world pub- licity, and the answer will be slow in catching up with them. In this country, as in the United States, in- ‘come taxes are a heavy burden upon most of us, and it is cheering to learn, even belatedly, that our position could be much worse under the So-

course, but we didn’t know just how it worked out.

-Hog Support Program

Following the introduction this month of deficiency payments on eggs, Agriculture Minister Harkness has announced a similar federal sup- port program for hogs. Under this program each hog producer ‘will be limited to a quota of 100 hogs on which he can collect. The payment will amount to the difference be- tween the national average market price of hogs and $23.65 per hund- red pounds basis grade A delivered at Toronto.

There has been criticism of this program because it penalizes the big producer. As a result, it is predic- ted, hog production in Canada will decline, since the larger operator will find production uneconomical 1

the light of the new deficiency pay- ments.

The fact is, of course, that Can- ada has a large surplus of pork at the present time. The Government has evidently decided that if a reduc- tion is to take place, the small pro- ducer rather than the big operator— usually operating under some form of integration—should be given pre- ference. It has shown, we think, com- mendable initiative in taking this stand, for it was not an easy decis- ion to make in view of the pressure brought to bear by the big interests.

If government policy should be determined in the interests of the majority—as we maintain it should— then the small producers, both in egg and hog production activities are by far the more numerous and shou!d

be safeguarded from exploitation.

Their very right to existence now is being challenged, and it is time the Government stepped in to adjust the balance.

EDITORAL NOTES

Canada is beginning to feel the effects of the U.S. steel strike. Dim- inished steel supplies threaten major layoffs, which will still: present a pro- blem even if the walkouts ends this week in the American plants.

* s *

Premier Khrushchev has returned from a secret visit to Roumania, where he was recelved, according to the Moscow press, with “exceptional warmth and cordiality.” It would be exceptional if his junket wasn’t thus commented upon.

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The police are hoping for a quiet Hallowe’en, but they are preparing to cope adequately with those who don't want it that way. Pranksters com- mitting vadalism will find it a costly way of expressing their personali-

ties.

That was & magnificent’ concert which the Prince Edward Island Regi- ment band gave at Birchwood High School. on Sunday evening. More opportunities for hearing these tal- ented local musicians should be pro-

vided during the winter season. * * . 5

The Financial Post notes that when Julius Caesar was bringing all of Europe under the yoke of Imperial Rome, human life was cheap—so was death. I€ cost Julius only 75c¢ a head to dispose of an enemy soldier. But with inflatién and all that, the gen- erals who came after him found the business of killing more and more expensive. Napoleon, by 1800,. dis-

! covered that the price of slaughter

had rizen to $3,000. By the First World War, the cost had climbed to $21,000. By the Second World War, it’ took the allies a fan- tastic $200,000 for each Géfman or Japenese knocked =permanently out of battle. Today, the cost could be. double that—but we don’t want to know. 1

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| viet tax system. We suspected it, of °

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EVERYBODY HUNTING THE BUCK

When the General Assembly reaches the stage where all of its seven committees are active it is aiffieult to report on its activi- ties because there are a wide —variety of subjects under consid- eration at the same time. Thus the represcntatives of the eighty- two nations may be discussing disarmament and outer space in the First Political Committee, vhile across the corridor the Spe- cial Political Committee will be giving attention to the question of enlarging the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council and the International Court of Jus‘ice.

Members of the Second Com- mittee consider programmes of ‘technical assistance, the Third Committee produces, with much debate, a. Draft Declaration of the Rights of the Child, while in the Fourth Committee the sta- tus and development , of South West Africa is the agenda item under diseussion. ’

In the Fifth Committee the de legates wort on intricate and in- volved administrative and budge- tary problems while their col- Iragues in the Sixth or Legal Committee seek to produce a Con- vention concerning legal matters concerning territorial waters.

PLENARY SESSIONS | ;

Dyring last week plenary ses- sions of the General Assembly were held in the Great Hall. These meetings dealt with the contentious question of Tibei which is never too difficnit to discover in international conclav- es. The Tibetan item was put on the agenda throuch the initiative

Release of what {s regarded as the first of a series relating to the extensive report of the survey board of enginecrs which conducted a- four-year investiga- tien of the possibilities for hy- dro-electric development of Pas- samaquoddy Bay tides, contains, among other points, an expres: sion of opinion that while this

project costing in the main phase $124 million and in a dual phase—tzking in additional de-

velopment on the Maine side of the St. John River at Ravkin Ra- pids—a grand total of $630 million would be economically justifiable for United States to participate, for Canada it would be unecon- emic.

NOT FOR CANADA

The engineering @pinion that suth a huge enterprise would be uneconomical for Canada .ta par- ticipate in is based on the size a -intcrest rates this country would have to pay for the capital outlay as compared-with the Uni- ted States,

The big republic, because of le- fislation governing federal loans to agencies, could - provide its

share of expenditures at a two per cent rate of interest. But for the Dominion government to pro-

PASSAGE TO AUTUMN

The winds are boisterous as the season turns:

They roughly toss a_ transient cloud that leaks

Gray rain on olive drab of moss and ferns,

A supple-limed mimosa sways and creaks;

And, where its bloom of melon- colored _mist

Were floated on their shuttered fans of green,

Dry -seed-pods cling, pretending to resist

The demon winds that drop them between

chafts light the tree

Along depressions where the raindrops lie,

And empty branches, laced un- evenly, ‘

Are stenciled om a pearl and am- ber sky. r

Marguerite B. Palmer ja the New York Herald-Tribune

Unnumbered leaves; pale sun -.

‘| his poverty might be rich.

The Cold War And The U.N.

By Heath Macquarrie, M.P.

of Ireland and the Federation of Malaya. Interest in-the subject is heightened by the presence in New York of the brother of the Dalai Lama, the exiled spiritual Icader of the remote and troub- led mountain kingdom. - Although nof one of the storm- fest debates on record the argu- ment over Tibet produced some very sharp exchanges between the Russian and American dele- vations, Dr. T.S. Tsiang, the well- known Ambassador of Nation- alist China, bitterly denounced the Communist performance in Tibet, When Premier Khrushchev eddressed the General Assembly last month the seats of the Chin- ese delegation were cmpty. When Dr. Tsiang spoke the members of the Soviet bloc walk- ed out. Although it is not ex

pected that anything very con- clusive will emerge from this dis- cussion the Tibet debate has cer- tainly helped to keep the concept vf Communist aggression before the representatives of the nations.

EAST—WEST CONFLICT

In another United Nations ac- tion the Easi—West conflict came into sharp focus. The election of three non-permanent members of the Security Council is an an- nual remensibil'ty of the Gen- eral Assembly. On December 31st of 1959 the two-ycar terms of Ca- nada, Panama and Japan expire and the Assembly took a-vote on their replacement on October 12. Ceylon and Ecuador were elec- ted by an almost unanimous vote on the first ballot. But if it was a foregone conclusion as to what

Uneconomic For Canada

Moncton Transcript

vide such loan as necessary, that would entail an interest rate es- timated at 4’2 per cent.

If and when power develop- ment undertaking in Passama- quoddy Bay were to be agreed upon by the United States and Canada as a joint project, the higher interest rate confronting this country in meeting “its share of the costs could bear unusually heavy upon the Dominion,

THE FUTURE

But by the time the harnessing of ‘Quoddy tides comes to be re- garded as essential to meet the demands for electric power on both sides of the international border, the so-called uneconomic interest rate on Canadian raised loans now, might well have drop- ped to a point where participa- tion by this country in the un- dertaking would be feasible. But whatever may be forth- coming, one point stands out clearly—it will be a considerable time in the future before any de- cision will be taken by the Uni-

ted States and Canada as to whe- ther or not development of the vast power sources of ‘Quoddy be procecded with.

The Age Old Story

For ye know the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ, that, though he was rich, yet for your sakes he became poor, that ye through

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well as a legal right.

DRIVE CAREFULLY.

HYNDMAN

SLOW DOWN AND LIVE

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nations would fill the Latin Am- erican and Commonwealth seats it was far from this when it came to the East European chair.

The first ballot gave Poland a small majority but not a two thirds margin over the other con- tender, Turkey - Ballot after bal- lot failed to break the deadlock aithough when the voting resum- ea a few days later Turkey mov-

Ted slightly ahead of Poland.

Needless to say the Soviet Un- ion gave solid support to its ally while the -United States Vacked Turkey to the hilt. The word is that ncither country will yield to the other, so a long drawn-out contest may be in the offing and the voting has been postponed for | two weeks,

TWO ALTERNATIVES

There are twe-—atternatives for breaking the deadlock. The two candidates could withdraw and the Assembly elect another state from Eastern Europe—Newspap- er comment occasionally refers to Finland or Yugoslavia in this connection, and on come of the un- restricted voting Yugoslavia re- ceived a few votes. So far there has been no indication that Fin- land or Yugoslavia are desirous of becoming a compromise can- didate.

A solution more likely to en- sue would be an agreemént to split the two-year term and ai- kw Poland and Turkey one year each. This.was done’a few years ago when Yugoslavia and the Philippines were deadlocked. This would appear a more acceptaDdle solution than leaving the seat va- cant. Time will tell but the hold-

up on the Security Council elec- tion illustrates graphically the | continuing presence of cold war competition.

OUR YESTERDAYS

(From the Guardian Files)

TWENTY-FIVE YEARS AGO (Oct, 27, 1934) Mr. Walter Fowler, Upton Air-

Camp Borden, where, with seven other pilots from Canada, he will take a six weeks course in “blind ftying” and night flying. As avia- ticn is becoming more popular this branch of the work will soon be in popular demand and pilots are eager~ to -become proficient ln the work.

Tan MacKenzie, manager of the Charlottetown Forum, accompan- ted by “Buller” Murley left for

spend two days interviewing re- sidents_of Pictou County in con nection with the broadcast of “Big Four’ games from the Is- land ice palace this winter.

TEN YEARS AGO @ect. 27, 199) «

Canadian National Railways of- ficials said today that comple tion of plans to convert the Prince Edward Island division from steam locomotive depends upon delivery date of the diesel machines expected early next year. The plan calls for use of 12 diesel locomotives in the Is- land division,

Alterations and extensions to the new warehouse of Simmons and MacFarlane Ltd., on Water Street East, Summerside, have been completed. The building has a capacity to store about 70 car- loads of potatoes and will be used to hold potatoes for shipping on boats and rail.

‘

& CO. LTD.

lecharge appearing at

port, is leaving on Monday for

your dentist without delay and ave something done about them. Irritation due to smoking might be an offender, too.

Most of us have and will conti- te have simple cold sores. Now sores generally< a days, but if they don’t, better have a examine them.

DON’T PICK SORES ; Above all. never pick at a sore. This only irritates it more. And -using certain kinds of poultices, pastes and caustics may make tac situation even worse. Cancer of the uterus is one of the most frequent forms of the disease affecting women.

A watery, blood-tinged dis- irregular times may be one of the first symptoms. Of course, it can mean something entirély differ- ent, too, but it’s always best to check with your docto-.: This is especially advisable for all of you women over 35—if any of you are that old. -

CHECK WITH DOCTOR Any discharge such as this after the change cf life must be called to the attention of a doc- tor immediately for diagnosis. Both mcn and women are vul-

And those over the age of 40 are the most likely victims. ,

If you begin to have persistent indigestion and previously have been well, better check with your doctor. /

LATE, SIGNALS

Don't wait for vomiting, diarr-. hea and pain in the pit of the stomach. These are signals of possible stomach c2acer too but they are often late signals.

However, diarrhea, constipation or cramps might be early signs ef cancer of the intestine.

Best advice I can give is that if you notice anything unusual, see your doctor without delay.

QUESTION AND ANSWER

Mrs. A. A.: What is. a strep- toccus of the colon and how long does it take to cure it?

Answer: Streptococcus is a bacteria which can produce in- fection in the colon. The rapidi- ty of cure depends upon the or- ganism’s sensitivity to the vari- ous drugs employed in its treat-

MAXIMS

Distinct'cn is the consequence, never the object, of a great mind.

rerable to cancer of the stomach. |

He

cars at home because of traffic

they are gone. t be a tipoff to burglars? It’s the shaggy lawn that means every- bodys Home and putting off tae — as usual.—Chicago Daily News .

Dr. Wilder Penfield, Montreal's celebrated brain surgeon whose accomplishments are a source of pride to Canada, has wundcr- scored the international outlook ef science. Receiving an honor from the Soviet Union in recug- nition of his achievements. Dr. Penfield has declared that. ‘In medicine particularly there should be nothing between us. In medi- cine there is nothing to be gain- ec from the fullest exchange of knowledge but better health for one another.’’—Victoria Times

One of the several things that Pritain may be forced to do un- cer the pressure of the European common markets, will be to change her ancient charming and absolutely impractical money sys- tem. eer TT

One of the many wonderful things which the early Napoleonic regime accomplished—before Na- poleon, like Mussolini after him. began to devote all his country’s energy to war—was the installa- tion of the metric system.

This system, with a basic unit of 10, has enormously simplified the measuring chores in every country which has adopted. it.

The young idealists of the Uni- ted States had introduced the de- cimal money system in 1786, but they unfortunately retained all the other British measurements.

From France, the complete de- cimai system spead through Eur cpe, from Scandinavia to Sib- eria, from the Baltic to the Me- diterranean; it was adopted in Latin America, in Canada, in Ja- ren and in Nationalist China.

In 1961, South Africa and Aus- tralia will adopt it.

IS LATE.

IF YOUR GUARDIAN

..OR MISSED

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and 2 paper will be delivered right to your door. Special delivery service available between 8:30 a.m. to 9:00 a.m. if your paper is late — or

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equate it with the United States dollar as a lubricant for intrigue and a temptation for erring pol- iiicians. Can it be that we are on the verge of a new era of _ imperialism?—Globe and

Improper use of land can be costly. If a growing area allows housing and commerce and in- dustry to spread without proper control__and planning, if it per- mits scarce agricultural land to be subdivided, if it fails to pro- vide such things as ,agiequate park and school sites, @° needless and heavy burden may be placed on the taxpayers of that area. It’s a sure-fire formula to force home- owners and industry to locate elsewhere.—Vancouver Province

The 10-Penny Shilling

The British have cluig to a like so many -

”

system which, things British, is a compromise between several systems. Twelve pence make a shilling, but it takes 20 shillings to make a pound

measures are complicated by the coinage below the first paper money (10 shillings); the coins are the farthing, half-penny, pen- ney, thrupence, sixpense, shilling, florin (2 shillings), and half « crown (2.5 shillings).

What is proposed now doés not involve really great changes. The guinea would disappear and there would be ten pence to the shil- ling, 200 pence to the pound. The pound would be worth, 1,100 ‘mills; a penny would rate 5 mills, a shilling 50 mills.

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